Analysis and Design of Flyover PDF

7/28/2017 AnalysisandDesignofFlyover
AnalysisandDesignofFlyover
engineeringcivil.com /analysisanddesignofflyover.html
Submittedby
PURUSOTHAMAN.S
VIGNESH.P
UMAMAHESHWARAN.J
JAYABAL.V
THEKAVERYENGINEERINGCOLLEGE
DEPARTMENTOFCIVILENGINEERING
ANNAUNIVERSITYCHENNAI
ABSTRACT
OurprojectdealswiththeDesignofFlyover.ThelocationisatfiveroadsjunctionatSALEM.whichisfacing
majortrafficproblemsduetotheconstruction.Wehavedoneatrafficsurveyanddesignedallthestructuralparts
forthisFlyover.
TheFlyoverisof320mlengthwith32spans,10mperspan.Itconsistsofadeckslab,longitudinalgirders,
crossgirders,deckbeam,pierandfoundation.Structuraldesignofonespanwasmadeforalltheabove
components.SlabisdesignedbyWorkingstressmethodaspertherecommendationofIRC:212000,Clause
304.2.1.
Deckslabisdesignedformaximummomentduetodeckaction.theTbeamdesignedastheIRC:212000.The
deckbeamisdesignedasacantileveronapier.
ThePierisdesignedfortheaxialdeadloadandliveloadfromtheslab,girders,deckbeam.Foundationdesigned
asfootingforthesafeloadbearinginthesoil.AlltheelementsaredesignedbyusingM15gradeconcreteand
Fe415gradesteel.DesignsarebasedonWorkingstressandLimitstatemethodasperIRC:212000andIS:
4562000.
Notationandsymbols
Thefollowingsymbolscarryingthemeaningnotedagainstthemareusedinthisvolume.
lx=EffectivelengthaboutXXaxis
ly=EffectivelengthaboutYYaxis
leff=Effectivelength
L=Overalllength
B=Breadthofthemember
D=Overalldepth
d=Effectivedepth
W=Totalload
Wu=Designload
ax1=Negativemomentcoefficientofcontinuousedge
ax2=Negativemomentcoefficientatmidspan
Mx1=Negativemomentatcontinuousedge
Mx2=Positivemomentatmidspan
MR=Momentofresistance
Mu=Factoredmoment
Ast=Areaofsteelrequiredfortension
bf=Breadthofflange
Df=Depthofflange
fck=Characteristiccompressivestrengthofconcrete
fy=characteristiccompressivestrengthofsteel
P=Axialloadonacompressionmember
Vu=Shearforce
tc=Shearstrengthcoefficientofconcrete
tv=Nominalshearstress
?=Strainincompressionsteel
=Diameterofmildbars
#=DiameterofHYSDbars
N=Newton
kN=KiloNewton
Z=Leverarm
C/C=CentretoCentredistance
m=Modularratio
S=Spacingofstirrups
u.d.l=uniformlydistributedload
Ld=Developmentlength
Fe415=Highyieldstrengthdeformedbars
M20=gradeofconcrete
sst=Permissiblestressinsteelintension
ssv=Permissiblestressinshearreinforcement
scbc=Permissiblestressinconcreteinbendingcompression
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CHAPTER1
1.INTRODUCTION
Ournationbeingprimarilyanagriculturalcountry.90%ofpopulationisdependinguponitand10%ofpopulation
dependinguponindustrialactivities.
Forconveyingtheproductmaterialssuchasfoodgrains,industrialgoodstheroadsareessential.
Theroadsandbridgesareveryimportantforgrowthofeconomyofthecountry.Nowourcountryisbeing
developedbydevelopingroadsandbridges.
Thelossoffuelforcombustionandtheassociatedcostresultingfromwaitingforthesignaltochangearealso
estimated,andthesearefoundtobesignificant.
Whenitrains,itsnotjusttheroadsthatarewaterloggedallotherstreetsalsogetfullwithwatersoitseasyto
travelbyflyovertogeteaseofrainwater.
1.1.OBJECTIVE:
Theprojectareaishavingveryhighdensityoftrafficflow.Thepublicfeltinconvenienttocrossthebusyfive
roadshighways&thereforetheflyoverisessentiallyrequiredatthejunction.
Foreasytrafficflowofagriculturalgoodsandindustrialgoodswithouttrafficcongestionflyoverisessentialto
overcomethetrafficcongestionrequired.
AllthedrawingsaredraftedbyAutoCAD2013andanalysisbySTAADprovis8.
1.2Typesofroadsandflyover:
Inourcountrytherearesomanytypesofroadsarebeingconstructed,
1)Cartroads
2)Minordistrictroads
3)Majordistrictroads
4)Satehighwayroads
5)Nationalhighwaysroads
6)Overpassflyover
7)Underpassflyover
1.3Necessityofflyover:
Foreasytrafficflowofagriculturalgoodsandindustrialgoodswithouttrafficcongestionflyoveroroverbridgesis
essentiallytoovercomethetrafficcongestionrequired.
1.4Selectionofsite:
1)Thefollowingpointsaretheguidingfactorsforselectionofsuitablesite,
2)Theroadsarecrossingperpendiculartoeachother.
3)Thesiteshouldhavemoretrafficcongestion.
4)Theavailabilityofmenandmaterialsaretobeascertained
1.5Location:
ConstructionofaflyoveracrossfiveroadsinSalem.Thetotallengthofflyoveris320mandwidthof8m.
1.6TRAFFICSURVEY:
Trafficsurveywasmadeon06.06.2016,intheprojectsitefrom6.00pmto7.00pm.Thistimewasselectedonthe
basicofthepasttrafficstudyasanaverageofpeakhour.
AllthefourarmsofthesitewasobservedandthenumberofvehiclespassedwasconvertedtoPCUs(Passenger
carunit).
1.7TRAFFICPROJECTION:
Thepassengercarunitofavehicletypehasbeenfoundtobedependsuponthesize,andspeedofthevehicle
typeandenvironment.Theyarenotdependentontheflowandroadwidth.
AsperIRC:922000,thetrafficvolumelimitis10000PCUs/hour.Thecapacityofjunctionwasestimatedat6547
PCSs/hour.Thedesignperiodistakenas30years.Oneyearwouldbetakenfortheconstruction.Sotrafficis
projection.Sotrafficisprojectedfor31years.
CHAPTER2
2.DESIGNCONSIDERATION
2.1.1SLAB:
Slabsaretheplateelementswhichcarrytheloadsprimarilyflexure.Theyusuallycarryverticalloads.Underthe
actionofhorizontalloads,duetoalargemomentofinertialtheycancarryquitelargewindandearthquake
forces,andtransferthemtobeams.Areasonablethicknessofslabcanactasarigiddiaphragmundertheaction
ofhorizontalloadtherigiddiaphragmisplatewhoseallelementdisplaceequallyinthedirectionofappliedin
planeloads.Theslabwithsufficientthicknessactsasrigiddiaphragmwheninplanehorizontalloadslikewindor
earthquakeareactingonitduetoitsverylargeinplanemomentofinertia.Asaresult,itconstraintsthe
connectedcolumntodeflectequallyingivenhorizontaldirectionofwindorearthquakeloads.
2.1.2BEAM
Beamscarryloadsfromslabandalsodirectloadssuchasmasonrywallsandtheirselfweights.Thebeammay
besupportedontheotherbeamsormaybesupportedbycolumnforminganintegralpartoftheframe.Beams
areprimarilytheflexuralmembers.
2.1.3COLUMN
Columnsaretheverticalmemberscarryingloadsfrombeamsandfromuppercolumns.Theloadsmaybeaxial
oreccentric.Theimportanceofthecolumnisgreaterthanthatofthebeamsandslab.
Thisisbecause,ifonebeamfails,itwillbealocalfailureofonefloor,butifonecolumnfails,itcanleadto
collapseofacompletestructure.Thesafetyprovisionsadoptedbythestandardsarethereforemoreforcolumns
thanforbeamsorslabs
2.1.4FOUNDATION
Foundationistheloadtransmittingmembers.Theloadsfromthecolumnsandthewallstobetransmittedtothe
solidgroundthroughfoundation.
2.2LOADANDSTRUCTURE
Thecorrectestimationofloadsonastructureorapartofastructureleadsthedesignertothesafeand
economicaldesign.Itisveryimportantthatnoloadwhichistobebornebythestructureisoverloaded.
Estimationofdifferenttypesofloadsexpectedtobebornebythestructurethroughoutitsdesignlife.Different
kindsofloadsmaybeestimatedbyusingrespectiveIndianStandardCodesofpractice.
Determinationofworstcombinationofloadsthatmayoccuratonethroughoutthelifeofstructure.Thestandard
codesofpracticegiveguidelinesforthis.Alltheloadsarenotexpectedatthesametimeforexample,IS875,
windandseismicforceneednotbeconsideredasactingsimultaneously.Theearthquakeisararephenomenon.
Itisthereforeveryunlikelythatthemaximumearthquakecoincideswithmaximumofotheroccasionalforceslike
wind,floodetc.,thereforeforthedesignpurposetheseareassumednottooccursimultaneously.
2.2.1TYPESOFLOADS:
DEADLOAD:
Deadloadsaretheloadduetoselfweightofstructureorstructuralmembers.Deadloadsandstaticloadsremain
reasonablyconstantthroughoutthelifeofastructure.Theunitweightofdifferentmaterialsmaybetakenfrom
IRC:212000codeofpracticefordesignloadsforthebuildingsandstructurespart1deadloads.
LIVELOAD:
Liveloadsareloadswhicharenotsteadyunlikethedeadloadstheycanchangetheirmagnitudes.Liveloadsare
comprehensivelydescribedintables1and2IRC:212000part2imposesloads.
IMPACTLOAD:
Impactloadaretheloadscausedbythevibrationofliveloads.
2.3PROPOSEDBYFLYOVER
FIG(1)
CHAPTER3
3.STADDPROREPORT
3.1STADDPROINPUT
STAADSPACE
STARTJOBINFORMATION
ENGINEERDATE18Sep16
ENDJOBINFORMATION
INPUTWIDTH79
UNITMETERKN
JOINTCOORDINATES
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2153.200012.502161.62.50
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ELEMENTINCIDENCESSHELL
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286288290292294295THICKNESS0.6
DEFINEMATERIALSTART
ISOTROPICCONCRETE
E2.17184e+007
POISSON0.17
DENSITY23.6158
ALPHA5e006
DAMP0.05
TYPECONCRETE
STRENGTHFCU27578.9
ENDDEFINEMATERIAL
MEMBERPROPERTYAMERICAN
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CONSTANTS
MATERIALCONCRETEALL
SUPPORTS
178141521222829353642FIXED
LOAD1LOADTYPEDeadTITLELOADCASE1
SELFWEIGHTY1
UNITINCHESKIP
LOAD2IRC:SLSCLASSALOADINGN140:DISPYVE
LOAD3IRC:SLSCLASSALOADINGN1:REACTFY+VE
ELEMENTLOAD
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ELEMENTLOAD
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ELEMENTLOAD
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ELEMENTLOAD
270PRGY0.06526738.8981.5281.0244.378
269PRGY0.06526731.0241.5286.854.378
240PRGY0.06526738.8986.5621.0244.809
250PRGY0.06526738.8982.4091.0246.562
239PRGY0.06526731.0246.5626.854.809
248PRGY0.06526731.0242.4096.856.562
175PRGY0.066137514.8044.8094.8815.033
174PRGY0.06613756.934.80912.7555.033
145PRGY0.066137514.8046.5624.8814.153
152PRGY0.066137514.8040.8724.8816.562
144PRGY0.06613756.936.56212.7554.153
151PRGY0.06613756.930.87212.7556.562
ELEMENTLOAD
219PRGY0.065267318.6626.32710.7880.422
218PRGY0.065267310.7886.3272.9140.422
196PRGY0.065267318.6622.3910.7883.515
195PRGY0.065267310.7882.392.9143.515
124PRGY0.066137524.5686.5624.8830.234
131PRGY0.066137524.5683.5154.8836.562
123PRGY0.066137516.6946.5622.9910.234
130PRGY0.066137516.6943.5152.9916.562
101PRGY0.066137524.5685.6724.8834.171
100PRGY0.066137516.6945.6722.9914.171
ELEMENTLOAD
219PRGY0.06526738.8996.3271.0250.422
218PRGY0.06526731.0256.3276.8490.422
196PRGY0.06526738.8992.391.0253.515
195PRGY0.06526731.0252.396.8493.515
124PRGY0.066137514.8046.5624.8810.234
131PRGY0.066137514.8043.5154.8816.562
123PRGY0.06613756.936.56212.7550.234
130PRGY0.06613756.933.51512.7556.562
101PRGY0.066137514.8045.6724.8814.171
100PRGY0.06613756.935.67212.7554.171
LOADCOMB15COMBINATIONLOADCASE15
11.021.031.041.051.061.071.081.091.0101.0111.0121.0
131.0141.0
UNITMETERKN
PERFORMANALYSISPRINTALL
UNITINCHESKIP
PERFORMANALYSISPRINTALL
STARTCONCRETEDESIGN
CODEINDIAN
DESIGNBEAM2TO58TO1215TO1821TO2528TO3134TO3841TO4447
48TO5154TO5760TO6467TO707273757779818388909597102104
109111113115117120125127132134139141146148153155157159161
164169171176178183185190192197199201203205208213215220222
227229234236241243245247249252257259264266271273278280285
287289291293
DESIGNCOLUMN1614192732404553586671
DESIGNELEMENT747678808284TO878991TO949698TO101103
105TO108110112114116118119121TO124126128TO131133135TO138
140142TO145147149TO152154156158160162163165TO168170172
173TO175177179TO182184186TO189191193TO196198200202204206
207209TO212214216TO219221223TO226228230TO233235237TO240242244246248250251
253TO256258260TO263265267TO270272274275TO277279281TO284286288290292294295
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CONCRETETAKEEND
CONCRETEDESIGN
FINISH
3.2STADDPROOUTPUT
FRAMESTRUCTURE
BENDINGMOMENTDIAGRAM
BEAMSTRESS
REACTION
COMBINATIONLOAD
BEAMDESIGNSHEARBENDING
BEAMDESIGNDEFLECTION
BEAMDESIGN
BEAMNO.35DESIGNRESULTS
M30Fe415(Main)Fe415(Sec.)
LENGTH:2000.0mmSIZE:530.0mmX530.0mmCOVER:25.0mm
COLUMNDESIGNSHEARBENDING
COLUMNDESIGNDEFLECTION
COLUMNDESIGN
COLUMNDESIGNRESULTS
CHAPTER4
4.STRUCTURALDESIGN
4.1DESIGNOFDECKSLAB
4.1.1GIVENDATA
Clearspan=10m,
Bearingforthebeam=0.60cm
Numberoflanes=two,
Widthofsafetykerbs=60cm
Loading=IRCclassA,
Wearingcoat=8cm(average)
Materialsavailable,
ConcreteM150grade,steelgrade1
4.1.2Relevantcodes
IRCstandardspecificationsandcodeofpracticeforroadbridgesections(i)(iv)
4.1.3WidthofRoadway
Roadway=3.8+3+1.2=8m
4.1.4ImpactFactor
Result:
Sizeoffooting:1.2mx1.2m
Reinforcement:18nosof32mm#barsinshorterdirection
18nosof32mm#barsinlongerdirection
CHAPTER5
CONCLUSION
Thisprojectconcludestheplanning,analysisanddesignofflyoverstructures.
Thisstructurereducesthetrafficcontrolandenhancesthesafedriving.
ThestructureisdesignedasperIRCclassAAloading.
Thisprojecthelpstoimprovetheurbanizationofruralareas
Alsofacilitatetheconnectionofvarioussystemofroadsuchasvillageroad,Statehighway,Nationalhighway
etc.,
REFERENCES
K.S.RAKSHIT,DesignandConstructionofHighwayBridgesNewCentralBookAgency,Kolkata.
JAYARAM,T.R.JAGADEESHANDM.A.DesignofBridgeStructuresPrenticeHallofIndiaPvt.Ltd.,NewDelhi
D.JOHNSONVICTOR,EssentialsofBridgeEngineeringOxfordandIBHPublishingCo.Pvt.Ltd.
C.S.PAPACOSTAS,FundamentalsofTransportationEngineeringPrenticeHallofIndiaPvtLtd,NewDelhi.
IRC212000STANDARDSPECIFICATIONSANDCODEOFPRACTICEFORROADBRIDGESSECTIONII
IRC52000STANDARDSPECIFICATIONSANDCODEOFPRACTICEFORROADBRIDGESSECTIONI
IRC62000STANDARDSPECIFICATIONSANDCODEOFPRACTICEFORROADBRIDGESSECTIONII
IS4562000PLAINANDREINFORCEDCONCRETECODEOFPRACTICE
LISTOFFIGURES
FIGNO1PROPOSEDFLYOVER
FIGNO2REINFORCEMENTDETAILSFORDECKSLAB
FIGNO3REINFORCEMENTDETAILSFORTBEAM
FIGNO4REINFORCEMENTDETAILSFORSINGLYREINFORCEDBEAM
FIGNO5REINFORCEMENTDETAILSFORCOLUMN
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