PROJECT REPORT

TOPIC:- THERMOELECTRICITY
 INDEX
CERTIFICATE
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
INTRODUCTION(THERMOELECTRICITY)
COMPONENTS USED
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
WORKING AND PRINCIPLE
CONCLUSION
 CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the project report on the

topic thermoelectricity submitted by HARDIK
GUPTA of class XII Sci.-A RAMJAS SCHOOL is an
original and authentic. The project was done
under my expert supervision.
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I would like to express my sincerest thanks and

deep sense of gratitude to my physics teacher
Mrs. Urvashi Kainth.she has always helped me
and also guided me in this project with her able
guidance throughout the duration of this project
work. She was always there for me whenever I
asked for her help.
Finally, I thank my parents and friends without
their support it would have not been possible to
complete my project.
 THERMOELECTRICITY
The production of electricity due to difference in
temperature or vice versa is called thermoelectricity.
In other words thermoelectricity deals with
conversion of thermal energy into electrical energy
or vice versa.

THERMOCOUPLE
A thermo couple is formed when two suitable
dissimilar materials (may be conductors, magnetic
metals, alloys or semiconductors)are joined together
at two ends and when some temperature difference
is maintained between these junction.

When a copper wire (metal A) and an iron wire

(metal B) are joined at two ends and these ends or
junctions are kept at different temperature T1 and
T2. Then a thermocouple is formed.
 COMPONENTS USED

Heat source(fuel)
p and n type semiconductor
stack (TE module)
Heat sink(cold side)
Galvanometer or a small
bulb(current detecting device)
COMPONENTS DESCRIPTION

HEAT SOURCE AND HEAT SINK: to provide

constant thermal gradient to the system
in order to produce electrical energy from
thermal energy.
THERMOELECTRIC POWER GENERATOR:
it is a device that converts the heat energy
into electrical energy based on the
principle of the Seebeck effect.
CURRENT DETECTING DEVICE: either a
galvanometer or a small bulb can be used
to detect current.
 CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

THERMOELECTRIC CIRCUIT
 WORKING &PRINCIPLE
Thermoelectric power generator based on
the principle of Seebeck effect that when
the junctions of two different metals are
maintained at different temperature, the
emf is produced in the circuit.
As the heat moves from hot side to cold
side, the charge carrier moves in the
semiconductor materials and hence the
potential deference is created. The
electrons are the charge carriers in the
case of N- type semiconductor and Hole
are in P-type semiconductors. In a stack,
number of P-type and N-type
semiconductors is connected. A single PN
connection can produce a Seebeck voltage
of 40 mV.