I.

INTRODUCTION
Electric field is an area that is still influenced by electrical
properties of a particular charge. The electric field in nature is
generated by the formation of electrical charges in the
atmosphere associated with lightning. Electric fields also arise
due to the presence of tensioned electrical appliances such as
generators, transformers, transmission lines, and distribution.
The existence of electric fields indirectly can cause problems
to human health. It's just how much power the electric field
and the maknet field are exposed to the human body that can
cause problems. The effect of the electric field around the
high-voltage equipment is much greater than the electric field
effects that exist in nature. The sudden growth of population
and technological advances has led to a growing demand for
electrical energy in larger quantities, which in turn leads to an
increase in the level of urban electric field pollution and the
.[work environment [1
Concerns about the adverse effects of the electric field on
health were triggered by the publication of research conducted
by Wertheimer and Leeper in 1979 in America. The study
illustrates an association of the increased risk of death from
cancer in children with residential distance near a high-voltage
electrical transmission network [2]. Korobkova et al. (1972)
conducted a study of 250 workers at 500 kV substations in the
Soviet Union exposed for 10 years and found central nervous
.[system disorders, headache and sleep disturbances [3
According to WHO 1990 standard, the electric field limit
allowed to the general public for 24 hours per day is 5 kV / m
[4]. The government then adopted the IRPA and WHO
recommendations cited in the Indonesian National Standard
regarding the safe limits of electric field influence 50 - 60 Hz,
 :shown in the following table
Table 1. Electrical field threshold and magnetic field 50/60
Hz. [5]
No Klasifikasi Medan Listrik
(kV/m)
1 Lingkungan kerja:
- Sepanjang jam kerja 10
- Waktu Singkat 30(0 s/d 2 jam per
- Anggota tubuh (tangan hari)
dan kaki) -
2 Lingkungan umum:
- Sampai 24 jam per hari 5
- Beberapa jam per hari 10

One of the high voltage electrical equipment that exists in

electric power system is power transformer (power
transformer). The power transformer that is located on the
Main Stage serves to increase and decrease the voltage from
the High Voltage Air Channel (SUTET) and the Medium
Voltage Air Channel. The area around the power transformer
has a large enough electric field so that an analysis is needed
to find out how many meters the public may be at the limit of
WHO and SNI. This research is a model of electric field
strength around power transformer 150 kV / 20 kV 50 Hz,
from various side surface with distance measurement each 5
meter. Modeling using Charge Simulation Method (CSM)
method applied to Matlab software. The objective is to know
the safe threshold distance according to WHO and SNI, taking
into account the configuration, dimensions, and magnitude of
.power supplied
 II. BASIC THEORY
A. Electric Field
The electric field can be analyzed as electrostatic and
magnetostatic fields, since the electric field generated by
alternating current air channels is a static quasi. In a quasi-
static form the electric field is generated by electrical
equipment in a live state. The magnitude of the electric field at
a given place is directly proportional to the magnitude of the
:voltage and inversely proportional to the distance
Power field strength is usually written as E and is a vector that
has a certain magnitude and direction, as formulated below
:[[6

The unit of electric field strength E is Volt / meter. If depicted

in Cartesian coordinates, the electric field E from the + Q
charge point and located at the coordinates to the point P (x, y,
:z) will be seen as the vectors as in Figure 1 below
 Figure 1. Point P is the sum of the electric field vectors due to
the + Q charge
If there is a lot of charge at different positions, the field caused
:[by n point charge is [7

For a homogeneous line charge of muataj density per unit of

length L, then the equation (2) of the electric field above
:would be
(! (3
(B. Charge Simulation Method (CSM
Charge Simulation Method (CSM) is a method used as an
approach to the electric field distribution problem induced by
a loaded carrier with a set of discrete fictitious charges. The
basic concept of CSM is by substituting the charge
distribution on the conductor or the polarization of the charge
on the dielectric with some fictitious discrete charge whose
value is unknown [8]. The fiscal discrete load is equivalent to
the value of the conductor potential which further becomes the
reference for calculating the electric field around the selected
.surface contour contour

Figure 2. Discritize the load on the carrier rod

In many practical electrostatic problems, the charge is located
near a conductor. An electron that has just been released by an
electrode and a power transmission line that is suspended
above the earth conductor is a common example. We will look

at a case of a point charge near an infinite field conductor, as

in FIG. 3. In determining the potential V at the top it is
desirable to solve the Poisson equation with z> 0, with the
.[boundary condition V = 0 at z = 0 and in the infinity [9
 Figure 3. The point charge near the infinite conductor
Due to the absence of a conductor, the solution for finding
:point charges in free space is

The potential function V in equation (4) satisfies the poisson

equation for z> 0 with the boundary condition V = 0.
However, the potential is not equal to zero at z = 0. Therefore,
:the solution for the above case is shown in Figure 4 below

Figure 4. Point and shadow load

 :The potential is

So that in the electrostatic potential in region z> 0 is a

potential superposition of point charge q and potential due to
"shadow" point charge. Once a potential function is obtained,
the electric field can be calculated directly from the potential
.[by using equation (6) [9

C. Simulation of 2 Dimensional Field Cargoes

The charge simulation of the 2-dimensional plane can be
calculated by some line charge illustrated on the x and y axes,
with the line charge coefficient can be written with the

:[following equation [10

Where is the permittivity, (xn, yn) the coordinates of n the line

charge forming the 2-dimensional plane, and (x, y) are the
coordinates of the measuring point. In the Gaussian theorem it
is explained that the line charge at y = 0 (ground), its potential
is zero. By setting the boundary conditions on the components
in the x and y coordinates forming a 2-dimensional plane, the
electric field at any point due to the charge that forms the 2-
dimensional plane can be calculated by the following
:equation
:[For the number of carriers n, their potential is [9

:The above equations can be written in matrix form as follows

 Or

:Thus, the line charge can be searched using the equation

dimana:
V = potensial fasa*
P = matrix koefisien maxwell
= muatan garis
D. Application of CSM In Trafo 3 Phase 100 MVA 150kV /
20kV
For a 3 phase power transformer, where the number of
conductor is more than one (R, S, T, on the high voltage side
and R, S, T, on the low voltage side), then the potential
magnitude at a point is the number of potential caused by
each, Each conductor at high voltage side is 150kV and low
.voltage is 20kV and potential in winding transformer

Figure 5. Sketches of the 3-phase transformer dimension,

100MVA 150kV / 20kV
III. METHODOLOGY
:A. Determining the measurement specification
(AC Voltage (V1 (rms)): 150000 V (150kV
(AC Voltage (V2 (rms)): 20000 V (20kV
Dimensional transformer: 2.5 x 1.5 x 1 m
Distance of V1 to transformer: 1.25 m
 Distance of V2 to transformer: 0.5 m
Software used: Matlab 7.6
The electric field strength is expressed in the vertical direction
and horizontal direction, each with its real and imaginary
.parts, or by the magnitude and phase of the phase of time
Strong vertical components of electric field -
Ey = Ery + j Eiy or Ey = | Ey | <ty
Horizontal component of electric field strength -
Ex = Erx + j Eix or Ex = | Ex | <tx
:The voltage equation per phasa becomes
 B. Determining the boundary conditions (Boundary
(Condition
The boundary conditions are determined by charge
descriptions or determining and arranging the position of point
load layout through the coordinates (x, y) at the dimensions of
the system dimension to be measured with the following
:conditions

Distance of measurement (h): 5 m

The radius of phase wire (R, S, T): 0.007727 m
Air permittivity (0): 1
Insulation permittivity (r): 4.5

The difference of permittivity will affect the amount of

discrete charges around the measurement area. Because the
permittivity of air (0) is smaller than the permittivity of the
relative isolator (r), then the translucency voltage will be
greater. So that the electric field around the wire conductor
will be greater than the electric field around the transformer.
Since there is some charge in the system, the entire electrical
.(field of the system is calculated by equation (11
The following figure is the result of the transformer
transformation which will be the calculation of electric field
:from various side
Figure 6. Flow Chart Measurement of Electric Field With
 CSM

(a) (b)

R S T

(c) (d)

J
Figure 7. Result of deskritization (a) front, (b) side 150 kV, (c)
side 20 kV, (d) upper
 :From the picture above can be explained as follows
:A. Coordinates (x, y) front view are
Coordinates x = (-1.25, 0, 1.25, -1.25, 0, 1.25, -1.25, 0, 1.25,
.(1.25, 2.5, 0, -2.5, -1.25
Coordinates y = (5, 5, 5, 5.75, 5.75, 5.75, 6.5, 6.5, 6.5, 7, 7,
(7.35, 7.75, 7.75
:B. Coordinates (x, y) appear to be 150 kV side are
Coordinates x = (-0.5, 0, 0.5, -0.5, 0, 0.5, -0.5, 0, 0.5, -0.5, 0,
(0.5
Coordinates y = (5, 5, 5, 5.75, 5.75, 5.75, 6.5, 6.5, 6.5, 7.75,
(7.75, 7.75
:C. Coordinates (x, y) side view of 20 kV are
Coordinates x = (-0.5, 0, 0.5, -0.5, 0, 0.5, -0.5, 0, 0.5, -0.5, 0,
(0.5
(Coordinates y = (5, 5, 5, 5.75, 5.75, 5.75, 6.5, 6.5, 6.5, 7, 7, 7
:D. The coordinates (x, y) shown above are
Coordinates x = (-2.5, -1.25, 0, 1.25, 2.5, -2.5, -1.25, 0, 1.25,
.(2.5, -2.5, -1.25, 0, 1.25, 2.5
Coordinates y = (5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5.5, 5.5, 5.5, 5.5, 5.5, 6, 6, 6, 6,
 (6
E. Coordinate point measurements for all sides are done at
.(point P (0,0
IV. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
The result of the calculation with Matlab, the electric field
distribution and the equipotential line of each side of the 3-
phase 100 MVA transformer, 150/20 kV at a distance of 5
:meters are as follows

Figure 8. Distribution of electric field result of descriptions

front view

Figure 9. The frontal equipotential line of the system

The electric field distribution illustrated is the magnitude of
the electric field strength, without indicating its direction,
which is the vector summation of the real and imaginary
electric fields with the direction of x (horizontal) and y
(upright).
The electric field generated by the front transformer has a
maximum value of -2.5m from the x-axis of the measuring
point, with an electric field strength of 6833 V / m. While at
the measurement point, the resulting field is smaller, that is
equal to 4471 V / m. The farther away from the maximum
value (x <-2.5 m and x> 2.5 m), the field distribution
 .decreases

Figure 10. Electric field distribution result from the side of the
voltage 150kV

Figure 11. The system's equipotential line of the voltage side

is 150kV
The electric field distribution illustrated is the magnitude of
the electric field strength, without indicating its direction,
which is the vector summation of the real and imaginary
electric fields with the direction of x (horizontal) and y
(upright).
The electric field generated by the transformer appears to be
150 kV side having the maximum value at a distance of -3 m
and 3 m from the x axis of the measuring point, with the
electric field strength generated at 3088 V / m. While at the
point of measurement, the resulting field is smaller, ie equal to
1931 V / m. The farther the distance from the measuring point
 .(x <-3 m and x> 3 m), the field distribution decreases

Figure 12. Electrical field distribution result from the side

voltage of 20kV

Figure 13. The system's equipotential line from the 20kV

voltage side
The electric field distribution illustrated is the magnitude of
the electric field strength, without indicating its direction,
which is the vector summation of the real and imaginary
electric fields with the direction of x (horizontal) and y
(upright).
The electric field generated by the transformer appears 20 kV
side has a maximum value at a distance of -3 m and 3 m from
the x-axis of the measuring point, with the electric field
strength generated at 187 V / m. While at the measurement
point, the resulting field is smaller, which is 179 V / m. The
farther the distance from the measuring point (x <-3 m and x>
-3 m), the field distribution decreases.

Figure 14. The electric field distribution of the descriated

result appears above

Figure 15. The system's equipotential line appears overhead

The electric field distribution illustrated is the magnitude of
the electric field strength, without indicating its direction,
which is the vector summation of the real and imaginary
electric fields with the direction of x (horizontal) and y
(upright).
The electric field generated by the upper transformer has a
maximum value at a distance of -2 m from the x axis of the
measuring point, with the electric field strength generated at
9904 V / m. While at the point of measurement, the resulting
field is smaller, that is equal to 9273 V / m. The farther away
from the maximum value (x <-2 m and x> 2 m), the field
 .distribution decreases
V. CONCLUSION
From the electric field simulation results in the transformer
:area above, it can be concluded
Determination of safe distance of electric field influence can -
be seen from from the distribution of electric field look up.
The result of simulation of electric field shown above shows
the amount of electric field generated at high voltage
transformer side area of 150kV with distance of 5 meter
measurement is 6200V / m, while the electric field size in low
voltage transformer side area 20kV with distance of 5 meter
measurement is 4800V / m . This can be a consideration of the
safe limits of electric field influence in accordance with WHO
.(World Health Organization), which is 5 kV / m
The magnitude of the electric field around the transformer -
area of 3 phases 100MVA, 150kV / 220kV can be calculated
by using Charge Simulation Method (Charge Simulation
Method) which in this application can only be done on the two
dimensional geometry of the transformer surface, so the
simulation should be done at each corner Look at the sides of
.the transformer
The level of precision, error measurement (error) on the -
results of the simulation depends on determining the location
of the contents of the contents of the contours to be measured
and boundary conditions as parameters important in the
.measurement and mapping of electric fields
The electric field around the tensioned wire (R, S, T) without -
insulation is greater than the electric field around the isolated
wall of the transformer. This is because of the difference in
permittivity value () of a medium causing a difference in the
penetrating voltage thus affecting the magnitude of the electric
 .field generated
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