97.file 328 Eng PDF

Association of Independent Consultants and Experts
in Field of Mineral Resources, Metallurgy and Chemical Industry

_________________________________________________
Continuous Basalt Fiber,

Reinforcing Articles and Basalt
Fiber Materials Production, Market
and Forecast in the CIS
Sample PDF
Moscow
October, 2011
Internet: www.infomine.ru
e-mail: info@infomine.ru
Continuous Basalt Fiber, Reinforcing Articles and Basalt Fiber Materials Production, Market and Forecast in the CIS
Contents
Summary .................................................................................................................. 9
Introduction ........................................................................................................... 10
1. Basalt fiber description ..................................................................................... 14

1.1. Feed-stock for manufacture of basalt fiber .................................................. 14
1.2. Origin of continuous basalt fiber.................................................................. 17
1.3. Continuous basalt fiber production process ................................................. 19
1.4. Basalt fiber key physiochemical characteristics .......................................... 23
1.5. Continuous basalt fiber and glass fiber comparative characteristics ........... 25
1.6. Continuous basalt fiber types of product line and their application ............ 28
1.6.1. Reinforcing properties fields of application ....................................... 31
1.6.2. Fields of application for other properties .......................................... 32
2. Continuous basalt fiber and reinforce articles market structure................. 34
3. Manufacture of continuous basalt fiber in Russia and Ukraine .................. 38

3.1. LLC Kamenny Vek (Moscow Region) .................................................... 38
3.2. LLC NPO Vulcan (Perm Krai) ................................................................. 42
3.3. JSC IvotSteklo (Bryansk Region) ........................................................... 44
3.4. JSC Novgorod glass fiber plant (Novgorod Region) ............................... 46
3.5. LLC NBT Dagestan (Republic of Dagestan) ........................................... 49
3.6. LLC NPO Basalt Technologies (Udmurtia) ............................................. 50
3.7. Other continuous basalt fiber manufacture start-up enterprises and projects
in Russia .............................................................................................................. 51
Pokrovsk basalt materials plant (Republic of Sakha Yakutia) ................. 51
JSC South-Urals basal plant (Chelyabinsk Region) ................................ 51
LLC Alternative materials and technologies (Khabarovsk Krai) ............ 51
LLC Volna (Krasnoyarsk krai) ................................................................. 52
3.8. Continuous basalt fiber manufacture in Ukraine ......................................... 53
CJSC NTB (Kiev Region) .......................................................................... 53
LLC TechnoBasalt Invest (Kiev) .............................................................. 53
CJSC Mineral 7 (Lvov Region) ................................................................ 55
CJSC Belichi heat insulation-sound proofing articles plant (Kiev Region)
.................................................................................................................... 55
4. Production of reinforcement articles with continuous basalt fiber .............. 56

4.1. Composite armoring ..................................................................................... 57
4.1.1. Compisite armoring principal properties and fields of application ... 57
4.1.2. Fabrication of composite armoring .................................................... 65
LLC KNPO Ural reinforcing company (Perm Krai) ............................. 65
LLC NFP UralSpetsArmatura (Perm Krai) ............................................. 69
INFOMINE Research Group www.infomine.ru; e-mail: info@infomine.ru; phone +7 (495) 952-1322 3
LLC NPK ArmaStek (Perm Krai, Lipetsk Region) ................................... 71

Technological Group Ekipazh (Ukraine) ................................................. 72
4.2. Composite flexible connections and fittings ................................................ 73
4.2.1. Flexible connections conception and their characteristics ................ 73
4.2.2. Fabrication of composite flexible connections ................................... 78
LLC Galen(Chuvash Republic) ................................................................ 79
LLC Biysk plant of glass plastics (Altay Republic) .................................. 83
CJSC Matek(Moscow Region).................................................................. 89
4.3. Basalt reinforcing nets.................................................................................. 92
4.3.1. Basalt reinforcing nets properties and application ............................ 92
4.3.2. Basalt reinforcing nets outstanding feature ....................................... 94
4.3.3. Manufacture of basalt reinforcing nets by LLC Sudogda glass-fiber
plastics (Vladimir Region) ....................................................................... 95
5. Dispersal reinforcement with basalt fiber ...................................................... 99

5.1. Peculiarities of dispersal reinforcement ....................................................... 99
5.2. Application of basalt fiber .......................................................................... 101
6.Continuous basalt fiber materials and articles foreign trade operations in

Russia and Ukraine, 2007-2010.......................................................................... 105
6.1. Foreign trade operations in Russia ........................................................ 105
6.2. Foreign trade operations in Ukraine...................................................... 109
7. Continuous basalt fiber materials and articles export-import and domestic

price review .......................................................................................................... 112
7.1. Continuous basalt fiber materials and articles export-import price review
in Russia and Ukraine, 2007-2010 .................................................................... 112
7.2. Basalt-plastics and fiber-plastics reinforcement price review in the
domestic market of Russia ................................................................................ 115
8. Forecast for development of continuous basalt fiber and reinforcement

articles market ..................................................................................................... 120
Appendix: Contact information ......................................................................... 127

Tables
Table 1. The Study assistants
Table 2. Chemical composition of the rocks as single component raw material for
fabrication of different fiber kind
Table 3. Mineral composition of rocks as single component raw material for
Table 4. Basalt rock melts peculiarities
Table 5. Principle characteristics of installations for fabrication of basalt
continuous fibers at SE NPO Bavoma
Table 6. Basalt fiber strength characteristics
Table 7. Basalt fiber chemical inertness, %
Table 8. The fibers comparative characteristics
Table 9. Comparative characteristics of threads from glass and basalt fiber
Table 10. Correlation of tack direct roving with monofilament diameter and filler
feeder quantity
Table 11. Correlation of multifilament yarn number with feeder draw-rings
quantity
Table 12. Key continuous basalt fiber production line and fields of their application
Table 13. Makers of continuous basalt fiber and reinforcement composite articles
in Russia and Ukraine
Table 14. LLC Kamenny Vek made direct roving technical characteristics
Table 15. LLC Kamenny Vek made plied roving technical characteristics
Table 16. LLC Kamenny Vek made twisted thread technical characteristics
Table 17. LLC Kamenny Vek made needle-punched mats technical
characteristics
Table 18. LLC Kamenny Vek foreign distributors
Table 19. JSC IvotGlass made basalt roving nomenclature and technical
characteristics
Table 20. JSC IvotGlass made basalt chopped fiber technical characteristics
Table 21. JSC NZSV made basalt complex fiber technical characteristics
Table 22. JSC NZSV made basalt roving technical characteristics
Table 23. CJSC NTB made baslt roving characteristics
Table 24. LLC TechnoBasalt Invest made basalt-plastic reinforcement technical
characteristics
Table 25. Comparative characteristics of different reinforcement types
Table 26. Comparative characteristics of basalt-plastic and fiberglass
reinforcement
Table 27. Comparative characteristics of steel and basalt reinforcement
Table 28. Comparisson of Liana and steel reinforcement performance
Table 29. LLC UralSpetsArmatura made reinforcement performance
Table 30. Comparative characteristics of Armastek fiberglass reinforcement and
steel reinforcement
Table 31. TG Ekipazh made basalt-plastic flexible fittings technical
characteristics

Table 32. Comparison of metallic and basalt-plastic connections effectiveness

Table 33. Results of comparative tests over composite connections alcali resistance
(cement resistance) under method of accelerated aging
Table 34. Composite connections technical characteristics comparison
Table 35. LLC Galen made basalt-plastic flexible connections technical
characteristics
Table 36. LLC Galen made construction wall plug technical characteristics
Table 37. LLC Galen made basalt-plastic reinforcement technical characteristics
Table 38. LLC Galen dealer network
Table 39. LLC BZS made flexible and combine connections technical
characteristics
Table 40. LLC Biysk fiberglass plastics plant (BZS) made fiberglass
reinforcement technical characteristics
Table 41. Consumption of wall plugs in thermal protection installation per 1 m2/8
mm plaster layer
Table 42. LLC BZS sales network
Table 43. Glass fiber and basalt fiber fabricated connections strength retention
levels comparative analysis
Table 44. CJSC Matech made basalt-plastic connections quality indicators
Table 45. Different flexible connections test results under 1.0 N endurance in
NaOH solvent, 80
Table 46. Basalt nets stress-strain properties
Table 47. Basalt fabric stress-strain properties
Table 48. Glass and basalt fiber nets comparative characteristic
Table 49. LLC Sudogda fiberglass made road mesh technical characteristics
Table 50. LLC Sudogda fiberglass made mason and binding works construction
mesh technical characteristics
Table 51. Basalt fiber characteristics
Table 52. recommendations for application of basalt fiber in concrets
Table 53. Continuous basalt fiber articles exports by Russian producers in 2007-
2010, tonnes
Table 54. LLC Kamenny Vek made continuous basalt fiber articles exports by
supply avenues in 2007-2010, tonnes
Table 55. Continuous basalt fiber materials and articles exports by Ukrainian
producers in 2007-2010, tonnes
Table 56. Russian continuous basalt fiber average annual export price in 2007-
2010, $/ton
Table 57. LLC NFP UralSpetsArmatura made composite reinforcement prices,
RUR/rm
Table 58. LLC Galen made ROCKBAR composite reinforcement price-list,
RUR/rm
Table 59. LLC NPK ArmStek Lipetsk made fiber-glass reinforcement price-
list, RUR/ rm
Table 60. LLC Biysk fiberglass plastics plant made fiber-glass reinforcement

price, RUR/ rm
Table 61. Comparative characteristic of metallic and composite reinforcement
under equally efficient replacement
Table 62. Composite and metallic reinforcement comparative prices, RUR/m
Table 63. LLC Sudogda fiberglass production price-list
Table 64. Volumes and structure of accomodation commissioning in Russia by
Federal Districs, 2007-2010, m2 million, %

Figures
Figure 1. Structure of fiber-glass and basalt fiber application in the USA
Figure 2. Structure of fiber-glass and basalt fiber application in Europe
Figure 3. Continuous basalt fiber manufacturing unit
Figure 4. Comparative characteristics of basalt fiber and fiberglass at tension
strength, MPa
Figure 5. Comparative characteristics of basalt fiber and fiberglass at elasticity
coefficient, hPa
Figure 6. Block-scheme for the market of continuous basalt fiber and
reinforcement articles (production) in Russia
Figure 7. Continuous basalt fiber production structure in Russia
Figure 8. Balance of materials for fabrication of composote reinforcement at LLC
KNPO UAK
Figure 9. Multilayer building envelop: a) excluding flexible connections; b) with
metal flexible connections; c) with composite materials flexible
connection
Figure 10. Copmosite flexible connections production structure
Figure 11. CJSC Matech made basalt-plastic connections technical
characteristics
Figure 12. Continuous basalt fiber materials and articles exports dynamics in
Russia, 2007-2010 (tonnes, $000)
Figure 13. LLC Kamenny Vek production exports regional structure in 2007-
2010, %
Figure 14. Continuous basalt fiber production exports structure in Russia, 2007-
2010, tonnes
Figure 15. Continuous basalt fiber production exports structure in Ukrain, 2007-
2010 (tonnes, $000)
Figure 16. Continuous basalt fiber Ukrainian plants production exports structure in
2007-2010, tonnes
Figure 17. Continuous basalt fiber principle production export price average annual
dynamics in 2007-2010, $/t
Figure 18. LLC TechnoBasalt Invest and CJSC NTV average annual price
dynamics in 2007-2010, $/t
Figure 19. Comparative charasteristics of basalt-plastic reinforcement articles
prices against analogues made of some other materials
Figure 20. Dynamics of accomodation commissioning by Russia in 2008-2010 and
forecast till 2011-2015 under Special Federal Programme of Home, m2
Figure 21. Regional structure of commissioned accomodation in Russia during
the first 9 months of 2011, %
Figure 22. Regional structure for metal rebar consumption in Russia split by
Federal Districts in 2011, %
Figure 23. Continuous basalt fiber output forecast in Russia, 2012-2015, tonnes
Figure 24. Basalt-plastic reinforcement and flexible connections output forecast in
Russia, 2012-2015, tonnes

Summary
The actual report is devoted to study of continuous basalt fiber and

enforcement materials market in the CIS, to description of its principle participants
and to exploration of potential demand for this product.
The Report consists of eight Sections, contains 136 pages, 64 tables and 24
figures.
The First Chapter gives general view to continuous basalt fiber (CBF),
history of invention and production process, physical and chemical properties,
fields of application, comparison with the closest composite material the glass.
The Second Chapter presents CBF market structure in Russia.
The Third Chapter is devoted to analysis of CBF manufacture; it presents
producers of continuous fiber in Russia and Ukraine, mentioning principle type of
products.
The Fourth Chapter describes CBF articles market, detailing characteristics
of each segment: basalt-plastic reinforcements, composite flexible connections and
basalt reinforcing mesh.
The Fifth Chapter presents additional information about disperse
reinforcement with basalt fiber. According to LLC InfoMine experts, revision of
CBF reinforcement articles and materials market would be incomplete without this
chapter.
The Sixth Chapter describes CBF articles and materials foreign trade
operations in Russia and Ukraine during 2007-2010.
The Seventh Chapter informs of CBF products export price dynamics as
well as presents basalt-plastic reinforcement and its glass analogues domestic price
analysis.
The final Eighth Chapter renders short term outlook at CBF and basalt-
plastic reinforcement markets development.

Introduction
The continuous basalt fiber (CBF) is "young enough" and very promising
kind of production.
At present just a handful of countries in the world, including Russia and
Ukraine, possess production process for fabrication of continuous fiber with basalt.
Meanwhile, availability of raw materials to manufacture CBF, expansion of
application of this material triggers increasing interest to CBF production. One of
the main priorities in application of continuous basalt fiber is manufacturing of
composite materials.
The output and the scope of application for reinforced fibers within
polymeric composites have been gradually expanding all over the world. In
comparison with conventional materials, fiber composites boast a number of
advantages corrosion resistance, chemical inertness, low factor of heat
conductivity, high specific mechanical properties, small specific weight, high
operating temperature, long wearing life, low cost of design installation.
In terms of physical, chemical and mechanical properties, basalt fibers

outperform most widely applied E-glasses and close to them high module S-glasses
glass-fibers. In addition, they are cheaper.
Output of the closest analog of CBF continuous fiber glass in the world
makes about 3-3.5 million tpa.
While in early 2007 world production of a continuous basalt fiber amounted
for 5.000-6.000 tpa, it stands for 10.000 tpa now.
The largest world consumer of composite plastics are the USA 44%,
followed by Europe 26%, Asia 24%, the other countries of American continent
3.4%, Russia 1.4%, the other CIS countries 1.2 %. Major consumers in
Europe are Germany and Austria over 30%, Italy over 20%, France about
18%.
Distribution of continuous fiber in terms of consumption in Europe differs
from that of in the USA significantly smaller part is being applied in the field of
reinforcement (Fig. 1, 2).
Japan, Germany, the USA and the Netherlands attained the greatest
successes in application of polymeric composites at manufacturing of concrete
reinforced designs.

Figure 1. Structure of fiber-glass and basalt fiber application in the USA
Source: Specialist literature
Figure 2. Structure of fiber-glass and basalt fiber application in Europe
Source: Specialist literature
The number of CBF producing enterprises in Russia and its output

gradually increase. Herewith, fiber manufacturers steadily perfect fabrication
technique and improve production quality.
Wide assortment of materials and products for many industrial sectors are
being manufactured on the basis of CBF.

Besides various composite materials that are being applied in all branches of
mechanical engineering, effective heat-and-sound-proof as well as fireproof
materials are made on the basis of continuous basalt fibers. One of new kinds of
CBF production needle-punched materials is fabricated without any binders
that is a conclusive advantage over conventional heat-proof materials.
For the purpose of this Work we used materials of Federal State Statistics
Service (RF FSSS), Federal customs service of the Russian Federation (RF FCS),
the branch official statistics of railroad transportation of OJSC RZhD, the branch
and regional press-reports, annual and quarterly accounts of emitters of securities
as well as Internet sites of the CBF manufacturers.
Inasmuch as manufacture of a continuous basalt fiber in Russia hasn't found

exact reflection in forms of the state statistical reporting, many conclusions in
regard of output of both CBF itself and CBF based products have been made on the
basis of indirect indicators. The invaluable help in this business was rendered by
experts of the branch, who presented essential information in personal and
telephone interviews (Tab. 1).
Table 1. The Study assistants

Company Interviewer Telephone
CJSC Matek(Moscow
Region)
JSC IvotSteklo
(Bryansk Region)
JSC Novgorod fiberglass
plant
LLC Alternative
materials and
technologies
(Khabarovsk Krai,
Amursk)
LLC ArmaStek
LLC BAU-Tex
(Vladimir Region)
LLC Biysk fiber-plastic
plant
LLC Galen
(Cheboksary)
LLC Kamenny Vek
(Moscow Region, Dubna)
LLC KNPO Ural
reinforcement company
(Perm)
LLC SPU Basalt
technologies
(Udmurtia)
LLC SPU Vulcan
(Perm)
LLC NPF
UralSpetsArmatura
(Perm)
LLC Manufacturing
enterprise Market
(Udmurtia)
CJSC Mineral 7
(Ukraine, Lvov Region)
LLC Sudogda fiber-
glass (Vladimir Region)
Source: InfoMine data

1. Basalt fiber description
1.1. Feed-stock for manufacture of basalt fiber
Basalt corresponds to magmatic undersurface rock of main composition

(originated from deep aluminosilicate melt) solidified in the top layers of earth
crust or on its surface. Basalt rate in the Earth crust exceeds 30%.
Unlike raw materials for manufacture of glass, basalt is already positive

natural raw materials for fabrication of fibers. Basalts contain (by weight): 45%-
55% of SiO2; 10%-20% of Al2O3 and up to 20% of FeO+Fe2O3 as well as MgO.
Besides the principle oxides, basalts contain, in general in the form of mineral
compounds, almost all elements of periodic table. Completely crystal breeds of
such composition are called dolerites; destroyed and modified basalts and basalts
after secondary processes are known as diabases and basalt porphyries. Deep-earth
analog of basalt carries the name of gabbro.
Table 2. Chemical composition of the rocks as single component raw material
for fabrication of different fiber kind
Mass fraction, %
Components Extra-
Continuous Delicate
Coarse delicate
(roving) staple
staple
Silicon dioxide (SiO2) 48.0-53.0 47.5-55.0 43.0-51.0 46.0-52.0
Titanium dioxide (TiO2) 0.5-2.0 0.2-2.0 0.2-3.0 0.5-2.5
Aluminum oxide (Al2O3) 13.0-18.0 14.0-20.0 10.0-17.0 13.0-18.0
Iron oxides (FeO+Fe2O3) 8.0-15.0 7.0-13.5 10.0-18.0 8.0-15.0
Calcium oxide (CaO) 6.5-11.0 7.0-11.0 8.0-13.0 6.05-11.0
Magnesium oxide (MgO) 3.0-10.0 3.0-8.5 4.0-15.0 3.5-10.0
Sodium and potassium oxide
2.0-7.5 2.5-7.5 2.0-5.0 2.0-7.5
(Na2+K2O)
Manganese oxide (MnO), below 0.5 0.25 0.4 0.5
Sulfur oxide (SO3), below 1.0 0.2 1.0 0.5
Calcinations mass loss (ppp),
5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0
below
Free quartz, below 3.0 2.0 3.0 3.0
Viscosity modulus, Mv 1.9-2.5 2.3-2.7 1.7-2.0 1.8-2.4
Source: SPC Bavoma data

Table 3. Mineral composition of rocks as single component raw material for

Mineral border rates, total %
Minerals For extra-delicate staple
For delicate staple fibers For continuous fibers
fibers
Plagioclase 20-55 20-55 35-70
Pyroxenes 0-45 5-40 1-35
Ore-like 0-12 0-12 0-12
Olivine 0-15 0-15 0-15
Natural glass 0-25 2-45 0-50
Quartz 0-2 0-2 0-single figure
Amphibols 0-30 0-15 0-10
Biotite 0-2 0-3 0-3
Palagonite 0-20 0-20 0-25
Chlorite 0-35 0-35 0-35
Epidot-tsoizit 0-10 0-15 0-5
Carbonate 0-15 0-10 0-8
Detailed studies of rocks and definition of their suitability for manufacture

of various kinds of basalt fibers were carried out by the State Enterprise Science
and technological center Basalt-fiber materials (NPO "Bavoma) (Ukraine,
Kiev). With sampling results of more than 500 deposits in various regions of the
world, the Center prepared recommendations for application of rocks at
manufacture of basalt fiber under existing technologies.
The foundation for serviceability criteria at generation of fibers are

requirements over mineralogical and chemical composition of rocks, fusibility
conditions and their melts properties (Tab. 2 and 3).
Under condition of their sufficient uniformity and homogeneity, physical

and chemical properties of rock melts vary with concentration and parity of
principle melt composing oxides. The most important physical and chemical
indicators of the melts are their viscosity and crystallization temperature top limit.
Viscosity of mine-rock melts depends on chemical compound that serve as initial
foundation for calculation of acid-base indicators, characterizing structural features
of the system.
Table 4 presents some properties of mine-rock melts, suitable for

manufacture of basalt fibers.

Table 4. Basalt mine-rock melts peculiarities

Features Value
Melting temperature, 1100-1450
Temperature of crystallization top limit, 1200-1310
Contact angle of wetting with platinum-rhodium alloy,
- at 1350 5-8
- at 1250 15-30
Melt density, kg/m3
- at 1450 2300-2600
- at 1300 2400-2700
Specific electrical resistance, Ohmm
- at 1450 0.4-0.5
- at 1300 0.5-0.65
Elasticity modulus, HPa
- at 1300- 1450 16.9-25.4
Surface tension, mNm

- at 1450 350-410
- at 1300 400-500
Shear viscosity, dPas
- at 1450 10-150
- at 1300 70-1000
Volume viscosity, Pas
- at 1300- 1450 30-1500
Adiabatic compressibility, Pas-1

- at 1450 1.5-6.0
- at 1300
Thermal capacity, J/kgK 1300-1400
Thermodynamic characteristics
Viscous flow energy of activation, below, kJ/mole 310
Free enthalpy of activation, kJ/mole 180-220
Entropy of activation, kJ/mole 30-40

1.2. Origin of continuous basalt fiber
Basalt fibers are divided into two big groups: continuous fiber and discrete
fiber (cotton wool, staple fiber), also known as basalt fine fiber (BFF).
Method for generation of discrete fibers was invented over five decades
ago and it has been well perfected, while CBF production technology is young
enough and being improved further.
Interest to continuous fibers emerged in the mid-XX century when rocket,
nuclear and electronic sectors demanded materials with peculiar properties such as,
for example, strength of alloyed steel while much lighter and heat-proof.
Properties of fiber glass, which industrial production had been already
adopted in 1940th, failed to meet requirements of specialist applications.
Carbon fibers are the best in terms of strength, durability and temperature
range of application, but they are the most expensive also.
Basalt made continuous fibers were considered to be a material that
exceeds fiber-glass in terms of majority of technical characteristics, and at the
same time is comparable in terms of production cost and price.
Ukraine has been developing CBF technology for as long as several
decades. Under some assessments, this business consumed near 70-60 million
rubles; the sum was large enough in the Soviet era. According to experts, the
success in CBF generation was attained thanks to adequate funding of research and
development during protracted period giving the chance to pick up necessary
parameters of manufacturing method with experience.
The first specimens of CBF were obtained in 1961 by a branch research
institution. These specimens were rough, hardly elastic, several meters long.
By 1971, they accumulated certain experience in research of basalts, of
their chemical compositions, melts characteristics; in study of CBF characteristics
in terms of strength, chemical and heat resistance; in areas of their application.
They invented certain methods as well as pilot electric and gas-electric CBF
fabrication plants; they obtained specimens of materials on the basis of CBF.
In 1974, Laboratory of basalt fibers was created to deal with theoretical
and practical aspects of fine and extra-fine basalt fibers and materials on their
basis. One of its principle themes was invention of methods and equipment for
manufacture of CBF.
The first industrial-scale CBF plant was constructed in Ukraine at Belichsky
"TeploZvukoizoliatsiya factory (Kiev Region).
The plant appeared to be stone-melting kiln equipped with two feeders
(feeder mounts). The feeders were equipped with platinum-rhodium jet draw ring
feeders composing warmed tube of jet feeder and actually draw ring feeder.
Feeder mounts provided manufacture of high-grade fibers of 8 to 13 microns
in diameter fit for textile process. The equipment suffered certain drawbacks high
energy consumption per unit of production, big mass of draw ring feeders and
comparatively low efficiency.

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Association of Independent Consultants and Experts

in Field of Mineral Resources, Metallurgy and Chemical Industry

Continuous Basalt Fiber,

1. Basalt fiber description ..................................................................................... 14

2. Continuous basalt fiber and reinforce articles market structure................. 34

3. Manufacture of continuous basalt fiber in Russia and Ukraine .................. 38

4. Production of reinforcement articles with continuous basalt fiber .............. 56

LLC NPK ArmaStek (Perm Krai, Lipetsk Region) ................................... 71

5. Dispersal reinforcement with basalt fiber ...................................................... 99

6.Continuous basalt fiber materials and articles foreign trade operations in

7. Continuous basalt fiber materials and articles export-import and domestic

8. Forecast for development of continuous basalt fiber and reinforcement

Appendix: Contact information ......................................................................... 127

INFOMINE Research Group www.infomine.ru; e-mail: info@infomine.ru; phone +7 (495) 952-1322 4

INFOMINE Research Group www.infomine.ru; e-mail: info@infomine.ru; phone +7 (495) 952-1322 5

Table 32. Comparison of metallic and basalt-plastic connections effectiveness

INFOMINE Research Group www.infomine.ru; e-mail: info@infomine.ru; phone +7 (495) 952-1322 6

INFOMINE Research Group www.infomine.ru; e-mail: info@infomine.ru; phone +7 (495) 952-1322 7

INFOMINE Research Group www.infomine.ru; e-mail: info@infomine.ru; phone +7 (495) 952-1322 8

The actual report is devoted to study of continuous basalt fiber and

INFOMINE Research Group www.infomine.ru; e-mail: info@infomine.ru; phone +7 (495) 952-1322 9

In terms of physical, chemical and mechanical properties, basalt fibers

INFOMINE Research Group www.infomine.ru; e-mail: info@infomine.ru; phone +7 (495) 952-1322 10

Figure 1. Structure of fiber-glass and basalt fiber application in the USA

Source: Specialist literature

Figure 2. Structure of fiber-glass and basalt fiber application in Europe

Source: Specialist literature

The number of CBF producing enterprises in Russia and its output

INFOMINE Research Group www.infomine.ru; e-mail: info@infomine.ru; phone +7 (495) 952-1322 11

Inasmuch as manufacture of a continuous basalt fiber in Russia hasn't found

Table 1. The Study assistants

INFOMINE Research Group www.infomine.ru; e-mail: info@infomine.ru; phone +7 (495) 952-1322 13

1. Basalt fiber description

1.1. Feed-stock for manufacture of basalt fiber

Basalt corresponds to magmatic undersurface rock of main composition

Unlike raw materials for manufacture of glass, basalt is already positive

INFOMINE Research Group www.infomine.ru; e-mail: info@infomine.ru; phone +7 (495) 952-1322 14

Table 3. Mineral composition of rocks as single component raw material for

Detailed studies of rocks and definition of their suitability for manufacture

The foundation for serviceability criteria at generation of fibers are

Under condition of their sufficient uniformity and homogeneity, physical

Table 4 presents some properties of mine-rock melts, suitable for

INFOMINE Research Group www.infomine.ru; e-mail: info@infomine.ru; phone +7 (495) 952-1322 15

Table 4. Basalt mine-rock melts peculiarities

Surface tension, mNm

Adiabatic compressibility, Pas-1

INFOMINE Research Group www.infomine.ru; e-mail: info@infomine.ru; phone +7 (495) 952-1322 16

1.2. Origin of continuous basalt fiber

INFOMINE Research Group www.infomine.ru; e-mail: info@infomine.ru; phone +7 (495) 952-1322 17

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