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-ing form We saw a really exciting match on

Sunday
we can use the ing form of the verb : The commonest ing adjectives used in
as a noun front of the noun are
I love swimming amusing interesti worryi shocki
Swimming is very good for your ng ng ng
health disappoint boring surprisi excitin
ing ng g
You can get fit by swimming
terrifying frighteni tiring annoyi
regularly
ng ng
-ing nouns are nearly always uncount
nouns
after a noun
as an adjective
Who is that man standing over
The main problem today is rising
there ?
prices
The boy talking to Anglea is her
That programme was really boring
younger brother
He saw a woman lying on the floor
and especially after verbs like see,
Because the -ing noun or adjective is
watch, hear, smell etc.
formed from a verb it can have any the
I heard someone playing the piano
patterns which follow a verb, for example :
Ican smell something burning
an object
I like playing tennis
I saw a dog chasing a cat
or an adverbial ability, permission, requests and
You can earn a lot of money by advice
working hard
There were several people waiting for The modal verbs are can, could, may,
the bus might, shall, should, will and would.
or a clause The modals are used to do things like
I heard someone saying that talking about ability, asking permission,
The ing noun can be used : making request, and so on.
as the subject of a verb
Learning English is not easy Ability:
as the object of a verb We use can to talk about someones skill or
We enjoy learning English general abilities:
Comon verbs followed by an ing object She can speak several languages
are : He can swim like a fish
admit like hate start avoid They cant dance very well
suggest enjoy dislike begin finish We use can to talk about the ability to do
something at agven time in the present or
as the object of a preposition future:
Some people are not interested in You can make a lot of money if you
learning English are lucky
The ing adjective can come: Help. I cant breathe
in front of a noun They can run but they cant hide
I read an interesting article in the We use could to talk about past time:
newspaper today. She could speak several languages
They couldnt dance very well
We use could have to say that someone
had the ability/opportunity to do
something, but did not do it:
She could have learned Swahili, but
she didnt have time
I could have danced all night [but
didnt]

Permission:
We use can to ask for permission to do
something:
Can I ask a question, please ?
Can we go home now
could is more formal and polite than can:

may is another more formal and polite


way of asking for permission

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