EconAqua

An Introduction

Date: 17 -11 -2016

Speaker: Ambrogio Pertile
Place: CAFP Seminar Zagreb HR
Viking S.A.
 Viking Page 2
 The EconAqua System

1. Low pressure water mist system (16bar)

2. Based on existing sprinkler technology acc. VdS

CEA 4001 (EN12845)

3. Use of water

4. Small and space-saving components & kits

5. System third party approved (VdS)

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 Our objectives for EconAqua

1. Combine advantages of existing water based fire protection

systems

2. Optimise the system for broad spectrum of applications

3. System will be accepted by an independent approval body

4. Design based on existing standards

5. Protection level equivalent to established extinguishing

systems
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 Our objectives for EconAqua

1. Combine advantages of existing water based fire protection systems

Sprinkler HP Mist EconAqua
Lower water demand Standard Lowest Low
Comprehensive design criteria Yes No Yes
Approved components Yes Some Yes
Approved system No Some Yes
Smaller pipe sizes Standard Smallest Smaller
Reduced density/water damage risk Standard Lowest Low
Standard pipework materials Yes No Yes
Smaller tank size Standard Smallest Smaller
Standard water quality Yes No Yes
Connect to standard systems Yes No Yes
Connect to town mains Yes No Yes
Dry systems Yes No Yes
Straightforward maintenance Yes No Yes

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 Viking Page 6
 Our objectives for EconAqua

2. Optimise the system for broad spectrum of applications

Light Hazard risks (LH)

designed acc. to OH1 design criteria

Ordinary Hazard 1 risks (OH1)

(without production risks)
- wet & preaction systems
- max 5.00 m room height

Ordinary Hazard 2 risks (OH2)

multi-storey car parks & basement garages
- wet & dry systems
- max 2.7 m room height

High rise buildings

OH1 hazard > 45 m designed acc. to OH3

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 Our objectives for EconAqua

2. Optimise the system for broad spectrum of applications

Government buildings, Railway
Stations
Offices, Banks & Administration
Buildings
Hospitals & Nursing Homes
Hotels, Restaurants
Schools, Universities, Institutions
Parking garages ..... etc
as well as similar risks
+ Technical areas, File Rooms,
Stores, Archives, Libraries ....
< 50m / F30

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 Our objectives for EconAqua

3. System to be accepted by an independent approval body

The only low pressure system approved by

VdS

Full component testing

Fire testing of the system (more detail later)
Design manual review
Ongoing auditing

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 Our objectives for EconAqua

4. Design based on existing standards

The system design is carried out according to CEA 4001,

which in turn is based around EN12845
Certain criteria are adapted for EconAqua according to
the design manual

Max. operating pressure 16bar

Min. head pressure of 5 bar at the K 14 sprinkler
Minimum flowrate of 31lpm
QR-sprinkler (RTI < 50)
Concealed sprinkler available
Max. 16 m protection area / sprinkler
Density approx. 1,9 mm/min
Pipes hot dip galvanized or CPVC
60 min operating time

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 Our objectives for EconAqua

4. Design based on existing standards

We provide detailed training over two sessions

(two days) to licensees covering:

Principles of water mist

Basic aspects of the system
Pros and cons
Comparisons with standard sprinkler systems and
high pressure water mist
Design principles and what differs form standard
sprinkler systems
Pump kit selection
Risks and hazard classes
Review of datasheets
Commissioning

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 Our objectives for EconAqua

5. Protection level equivalent to established extinguishing systems

The four Rs:

Realistic
Representative
Repeatable
Reviewed (by peers)
Based on work by Huge
Office set-up representative of OH1 risks
Covers horizontal & vertical fire spread
Shielded fires

Used to verify suitability for a range of risks

within a hazard class

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 Our objectives for EconAqua

5. Protection level equivalent to established extinguishing systems

The test set-up

First run with standard sprinkler system at
5mm/min @12m2
Then run with EconAqua at 2mm/min @ 16m2
All tests repeated under one head and four
heads

The test criteria:

The average ceiling temp in the mist tests must
be lower than those during the sprinkler tests
The average damage to the fire load in the mist
tests must be lower than that during the
sprinkler tests

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 EconAqua is for licensees only

License Agreement - use of trademark EconAqua

Technical Training in two parts: Sales & Design (2 days)

Support & Documentation (given only to licensees)

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 Customer Benefits

Why do our customers decide on EconAqua?

Lessen risk of water damage

Proven and reputable

Is different

Saves space

Saves time

Saves water

Saves money

Protects people, property and

the environment

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 Thank you

any questions?

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 Part 2 Water
Standard Systems

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 Viking Page 18
 Wet system

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 1. Wet pipe alarm valve NMX
2. Valve head
3. Gate valve for water supply
4. Alarm test valve
5. Drip check valve
6. Valve seat
7. Vent valves
8. Shut-off valves for pressure gauges
9. Pressure gauge for pipework
10. Pressure gauge for water supply
11. Alarm pressure switch
12. Water motor alarm gong - AG 2
13. Strainer
14. Drain valve
15. Retard chamber
16. Alarm shut-off valve
17. Non-return valve
18. By-pass pipe

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 Dry system

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 Viking Page 22
 Pre-action system

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 Preaction valve TAV-VMX & TMX/S

Detectors
Detectors
Type A Type B
Pipe network

Pipe network

Air supply

Air supply

Alarm channel

24V-DC
Alarm channel

Alarm line

Water supply Water supply

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Type A:
Standard preaction single interlock valve
To avoid false release
Interacts with the FD-System
Release of a sprinkler does not cause release of the valve.
Signal of FD-System is mandatory to open release the valve

Note: In case of malefunction of the FD-System the preaction single interlock operates as a normal
dry valve.

Type B:
Non interlock valve
Dry system with is normally supported/accelerated by the FD-system
Operates lake a normal dry valve with accelerator
FD system opens valve even if no sprinkler is released

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 Attention!
Type A & Type B:
Actuation of the FD-System always causes the release of the valve!.
Type A:
Release of a sprinkler will not cause release of the valve
Type B:
Release of a sprinkler will open the valve!

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 Special finish cover plates

Concealed Sprinklers are installed to

Hide the sprinklers operating
mechanism and deflector.
Concealed sprinkler cover plates may
only be painted by the manufacturer.

Viking applies a label with the same

color custom color paint on the interior
of the cover plate to identify to the AHJ
and owner that the sprinkler was
painted by the manufacturer.
Special metal finishes are also
available.
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 Concealed sprinkler installation tools

Protective Cap
Removal Tool

Small or Large
Cover plate
Installation tool.

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 Viking Page 29
 VdS CEA Guidelines for Sprinkler Systems 4001 en

NFPA 13 FM Global

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 Thank you

any questions?

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 Part 3 Storage

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 Types of storage risks

Rolled Paper
Storage

Rack
Storage

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 Types of storage

Palletized
Storage

Idle Pallet
Storage

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 Types of storage

Miscellaneous Storage Shelf Storage

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 Types of storage

Baled Cotton
Storage

Rubber Tire
Storage

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 Viking Product Seminar

Part 2 - Sprinklers

Control Mode
Storage
Sprinklers

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 Control mode sprinklers for storage

Storage Fires are very demanding and require more water to control them than standard
occupancy hazards.

Due to the nature of the fire and the subsequent heat release, NFPA 13 places limitations
on the orifice size that can be used based on density requirements. (mm/min)

K80 factor sprinklers are limited to densities of 8.1mm/min and lower.

K115 factor sprinklers are limited to densities of 13.9mm/min and lower.

Densities greater than 13.9mm/min require K factors of 161 or larger.

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 Control mode sprinklers for storage

Why larger k-factors?

Larger K factors develop larger water droplets that are able to penetrate the fire
plume and the thermal updraft.

Larger K factors also can discharge the same water flow rate at much lower
pressures, so they are more efficient at controlling the fire.

Lower starting pressures at the sprinkler may save the sprinkler designer a pipe
size in their calculations, which will lower the cost of the system installation.

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 Control mode sprinklers for storage

Maximimum Minimun PSI for K PSI for K PSI for K PSI for K
Storage Density Coverage Area
Spacing Flow Rate 5.6 8.0 11.2 16.8
0.20 gpm/ft 130 ft 15'-0" 26 gpm 12.7 psi 10.56 psi 3.1 psi 1.5 psi
(8,2 lpm/m) (12,08 m) (4,2 m) (98,4 lpm) (,88 Bar) (,72 Bar) (,22 Bar) (,1 Bar)
0.25 gpm/ft 100 ft 12'-0" 25 gpm 19.2 psi 9.7 psi 4.9 psi 1.48 psi
(10,2 lpm/m) (9,29m) (3,65 m) (94,6 lpm) (1,37 Bar) (,67 Bar) (,34 Bar) (,1 Bar)
0.3 gpm/ft 100 ft 12'-0" 30 gpm 28.6 psi 14 psi 7.1 psi 3.1 psi
(12,3 lpm/m) (9,29m) (3,65 m) (113,5 lpm) (1,98 Bar) (,97 Bar) (,49 Bar) (,22 Bar)
0.45 gpm/ft 196 ft 12'-0" 45 gpm 64.5 psi 31.6 psi 16 psi 7.1 psi
(18,4 lpm/m) (18,2m) (3,65 m) (170,3 lpm) (4,45 Bar) (2,18 Bar) (1,1 Bar) (,49 Bar)
0.6 gpm/ft 100 ft 12'-0" 60 gpm 114 psi 56.25 psi 28.6 psi 12.7 psi
(24.6 lpm/m) (9,29m) (3,65 m) (227 lpm) (7,92 Bar) (3,88 Bar) (1,97 (,88 Bar)

Minimum pressure any sprinkler is 7 PSI (,48 Bar)

The K factor is too small for the density

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 Viking Product Seminar

Part 2 - Sprinklers

In-Rack Storage
Sprinklers

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 In-rack protection

In-Rack Sprinkler With Water

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Shield Control Mode Sprinkler
 Control mode sprinklers for storage

In-rack sprinklers

Generally, when storage exceeds 7.6m in racks and control mode sprinklers are
utilized, levels of in-rack sprinklers are within the rack structure.

In-rack sprinklers require water shields to protect their operating elements from
the ceiling sprinklers. Water shields are required to be a minimum of 76mm in
diameter.

In-rack sprinklers are intermediate level sprinklers, as there is at least one level of
sprinklers above them.

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 Control mode sprinklers for storage

In-rack sprinklers

In-rack sprinklers are typically have k factors of 80 and 115, but in some cases are
as large as 161.

In-rack sprinklers are usually located in the longitudinal flue space of the rack, but
can be located at the face of the rack loading entrance and can be located within
the
storage space within the rack.

Rack structures with solid barriers require levels of in-rack sprinklers above the
storage where the solid barriers exist.

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 Viking Product Seminar

Part 2 - Sprinklers

Control Mode
Special Application
Sprinklers

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 K161 Upright CMSA

The K161 CMSA upright sprinkler is known by a couple of other names;

The Large Drop Sprinkler

The High Challenge Sprinkler

The K161 CMSA upright sprinkler was the first storage sprinkler developed
with full scale fire tests series.

As an upright sprinkler, it can be installed on dry systems and double interlocked Pre-action
systems. The greatest use of this sprinkler has been in the protection of freezers, rolled
paper storage, and rubber tire storage. Known for many years as a Large Drop sprinkler, it
was the first storage sprinkler to prove that large water droplets penetrated the fire plume
more effectively than water droplets from standard spray sprinklers that have smaller water
droplets.
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 K161 Upright CMSA (VK540)

Different to standard control mode sprinklers

Have their own design criteria
Storage type Max Max ceiling Min head Min flow
storage height (m) pressure (bar) (lpm)
height (m)
Class I or II 7.6 9.1 0.7 (15 operating) 171
Class III or IV 7.6 9.1 1.5 (15 operating) 297

Cartoned or 7.6 9.1 1.5 (15 operating) 297

exposed
unexpanded

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 K283 Pendant CMSA (VK592)

K19 (US), K282 (Metric)

1 NPT or 1 BSP thread
71C and 96C

NOT an ESFR but design principles are similar

Wet systems only
Max ceiling slope 9.5
Min clearance to top of storage 914mm
Max area per sprinkler 9.3m2
Max distance between sprinklers 3.7m
Class I-IV and cartoned unexpanded plastics
Obstruction criteria not as limiting as ESFR

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 K283 Pendant CMSA (VK592)

Storage Max Max Sprinklers operating Min

type storage ceiling @ pressure flow
height height (bar) (lpm)
(m) (m)
Class I-IV 10.7 12.2 K14 ESFR 12 @ 5.2 456
K16.8 ESFR 12 @ 3.6 456
Cartoned
K19 CMSA 15 @ 2.1 408
Unexpanded
Plastics K25.2 ESFR 12 @ 1.7 469

Class IV N/R 10.5 K19 SR 15 @ 1.7 365

Cartoned
Unexpanded
Plastics

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 K283 Pendant CMSA (VK592)

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 K283 Pendant CMSA (VK592)

Concrete tee construction

Stems spaced less than 2.3m but more than 0.9m on centers, regardless of the
depth of tee, must be located at the horizontal Plane or 25mm above the
horizontal plane of the bottom of the stems.
Not allowed for ESFR

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 Viking Product Seminar

Part 2 - Sprinklers

Suppression Mode
Storage Sprinklers

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 ESFR

ESFR Sprinklers were developed by Factory Mutual in the early 1980s. ESFR
sprinklers are suppression sprinklers meaning these type of sprinklers are
designed not to control a fire, but to suppress the fire.

ESFR sprinklers in standard commodity storage, such as Class l, Class ll, Class lll,
Class lV, commodities and plastic commodities, can eliminate in-rack sprinklers.
ESFR sprinklers are limited to wet type sprinkler systems and must be installed in
buildings that have flat ceilings or roofs. (Flat ceilings are defined as roof pitches
no greater than 50mm in 300mm.

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 In-rack protection

In-Rack Sprinkler With Water

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Shield Control Mode Sprinkler
 ESFRs eliminate the need for in-rack sprinklers

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 Pendant ESFR sprinklers

Deflector distance from ceiling

The ceiling slope
K Factor Minimum Maximum
cannot exceed
202 100mm 355mm 2/12.

Roof smoke vents

are prohibited by
242 100mm 355mm
NFPA 13 and
Factory Mutual.

322 100mm 450mm

363 100mm 450mm

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 Pendant ESFRs

Avoid Obstructions
Do not have any obstruction directly
Below the pendent ESFR sprinkler head.

Do not locate a pendent ESFR closer

Than 300mm to bottom chord of a bar joist.

Water discharge from the ESFR will be re-

directed from the fire to adjacent ESFR
sprinklers.
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 Pendant ESFRs

Avoid obstructions

Normally (12) ESFR sprinklers are designed

to operate in a fire. If an ESFR sprinkler is
obstructed, the re-directed water discharge
will cool ESFR sprinklers near it and prevent
them from operating. Heat from the fire will
travel to ESFR sprinklers away from the fire
and cause them to operate, which will have
tragic consequences. More ESFR sprinklers
will operate than designed for and the fire
will not be suppressed or controlled.
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 Pendant ESFRs

Obstructions

Of particular concern

...anything within 305 mm laterally of the deflector within the 610

mm space under the sprinkler.

obstructions as small as 19 mm diameter bridging can interfere

with proper ESFR pendent Sprinkler performance,.

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 Cold-soldering which causes sprinkler skipping

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 Pendant ESFRs

Allowable spacing per FM 2-0

7.5 to 9.3 m2 per Sprinkler

Distance between sprinklers & branch lines:

For buildings over 9.1m high, do not exceed 3m;
For lower building heights spacing between sprinklers and branch
lines may range from 2.4m to 3.7m

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 K202 Design criteria

Minimum K202 Design Pressure and Flow Rate

Ceiling Height Minimum Flow Rate
Pressure

30 ft and less 50 PSI 98.99 GPM

(9,14 m and (3,44 Bar) (374,6 lpm)
less)
+30 ft to 35 ft 75 PSI 121.2 GPM
(+9,14m to (5,17 Bar) (458,7 lpm)
12,19m)

*Refer to Specific Design Standard for Commodity Storage

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And specific application installation requirements.
 K242 Design criteria

Minimum K242 Design Pressure and Flow Rate

Ceiling Height Minimum Flow Rate
Pressure

30 ft and less 35 PSI 98.99 GPM

(9,14 m and (2,41 Bar) (374,6 lpm)
less)

+30 ft to 40 ft 52 PSI 121.2 GPM

(+9,14m to (3,58 Bar) (458,7 lpm)
12,19m)

*Refer to Specific Design Standard for Commodity Storage

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And specific application installation requirements.
 K322 and K363 ESFRs

UL Listed FM Approved for rack storage

up to 12.2m high in 13.7m high
buildings with no in-rack sprinklers.
Refer to individual design standards for
specific commodity and application
requirements.

* Deflector distance- minimum of 102mm,

and a maximum of 457mm.

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 K322 and K363 ESFRs

Factory Mutual has different design

requirements for K322 and K363 ESFR
sprinklers than UL. NFPA 13 utilizes the UL
design requirements, but in some cases uses
FM design requirements for specific storage
types; example: rubber tire storage.

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 K322 and K363 ESFRs

Storage Ceiling K322 K363 K322 K363

height height UL UL FM FM
12.2 13.7 535 603 598 674
2.8 2.8 3.4 3.4
10.7 12.2 535 477 567 603
2.8 1.7 3.1 2.8
9.1 10.7 500 426 535 522
2.4 1.4 2.8 2.1
7.6 9.1 423 369 500 426
1.7 1.0 2.4 1.4

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 K202 Upright ESFR

Distance below ceiling:

Position fusible element between 4
(100 mm) and 13 (330 mm) below the
ceiling.

Install directly onto piping:

up to 3 (75 mm)
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 K202 Upright ESFR

Allowable Spacing (per FM 2-2):

7.4m2 to 9.3m2 per Sprinkler

Distance between sprinklers & branch lines:

For buildings over 9.1m high, do not exceed

3.0m. For lower building heights spacing
between sprinklers and branch lines may range
from 2.4m to 3.7m.

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 K202 Upright ESFR

Commodity Restrictions for Upright ESFR Sprinklers

Upright
Commodity
K = 202
Class 1-4 and Cartoned Unexpanded Plastic (35 ft. Roof Max) Yes
Uncartoned Unexpanded Plastic No
Cartoned Expanded Plastic, 30 ft. Roof Yes
Uncartoned Expanded Plastic No
Heavyweight Roll paper Yes
Plastic-Coated Heavyweight Roll Paper Yes
Medium Weight Roll Paper Yes
Light Weight (Tissue) Roll Paper No
Rubber Tires On-Side and On-Tread Yes
Aerosols
Level 1 Aerosols on floor and in open-frame racks only No
YES
Flammable Liquids No
Idle Pallets
Viking
on floor storage of idle wooden pallets only Page 69 No
Yes
 K202 Upright ESFR

Upright K14 ESFR sprinklers are approved for

installation above continuous, ungrouped,
obstructions up to 4 (100 mm) wide when
protecting Class I-IV or cartoned unexpanded or
expanded plastics commodities.
Full scale fire tests were performed to prove
small obstructions did not negatively effect the
performance of the sprinkler.

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 K202 Upright ESFR

Upright ESFR

Factory Mutual Test Facility

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When can Upright and Pendent
ESFRs be installed on the same
system?

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 When the ceiling height does not exceed
10.7m, and the commodities being stored are
within the allowable protection schemes of
upright ESFR sprinklers.

Both upright and pendent ESFR sprinklers are

required to have their fusible element within
100mm and 330mm from the ceiling.
Generally sprinkler lines with obstructed
pendent ESFR sprinklers can have their
outlets turned 180 and accommodate an
upright ESFR.
Viking Page 73
Obstruction to pendent ESFR. Many times obstructions occur after the
sprinklers are installed. Other trades will install their materials below pendent
ESFRs, obstructing the sprinkler and creating an in-effective
system installation.

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When room exists above the sprinkler line for an upright ESFR sprinkler, turning
the outlet to the pendent sprinkler 180 and installing an upright ESFR is a cost
effective method of repairing the problem.

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 Viking Product Seminar

Part 2 - Sprinklers

Changes to FM Rules

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 NFPA & UL Terminology

CMDA Control Mode Density Area

Standard sprinkler design with design area, number of sprinklers on
set spacing etc

ESFR Early Suppression Fast Response

Specified number of sprinklers at minimum operating pressure.
Special installation limitations

CMSA Control Mode Special Application

Specified number of sprinklers at minimum operating pressure. Not
as limiting as ESFR

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 New FM Changes

CMDA
ESFR Storage Sprinkler

CMSA

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 New FM Changes

What Sprinklers is FM referring to?

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K 11.2 Pendent QR, e.g. Viking VK 377

K 14 Pendent QR, e.g. Viking ESFR VK 500

K 16.8 Pendent QR, e.g. Viking ESFR VK 503

K 22.4 Pendent QR

K 25.2 Pendent QR, e.g. Viking ESFR VK 510

K 25.2 Extended Coverage Pendent CMSA QR

Pendent SR K 11.2, e.g. Viking VK 536

Pendent SR K 14

Pendent SR K 19.6, e.g. Viking VK 592

Pendent SR K 25.2
Upright K 11.2 QR, e.g. Viking VK 531

Upright K 14 QR, e.g. Viking ESFR VK 520

Upright K 16.8 QR

Upright K 25.2 EC QR, e.g. Viking VK595

Upright K 11.2 SR, e.g. Viking VK 530

Upright K 16.8 SR, e.g. Viking VK 580

Upright K 25.2 SR
Upright K 11.2 SR, e.g. Viking VK 530

Upright K 16.8 SR, e.g. Viking VK 580

Upright K 19.6 SR

Upright K 25.2 SR
 Viking Page 85
 Viking Page 86
 Viking Page 87
 Introduction to Foam Foam Types

High Expansion Foam Systems

Unlike Low expansion systems which form a film or skin across the fuel or object
surface, Medium and High Expansion system's achieve fire control and extinction
due to rapid smothering and cooling.
Fires involving solid material as well as flammable liquids can be controlled and
extinguished using high expansion foam;

- Aircraft hangars
- Logistics / Storage occupancies
- Enclosed spaces
- Hazards subject to 3-dimensional fires
- LNG Storage Tanks

High Expansion Foams cannot typically used outdoors

The denser Medium Expansion Foam is more suited to outdoors conditions.

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 Foam Discharge Video

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 Thank you

any questions?

Viking Page 90
 Karl Keller

kellerk@viking-emea.com

Ambrogio Pertile

pertilea@viking-emea.com

www.viking-emea.com
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