Grammar Tutorial ::: Reference - Verb Forms / / dhaaturuupa - ... http://sanskrit.samskrutam.com/en.grammar-tutorial-reference-dhaaturup...

Grammar Tutorial ::: Reference - Verb Forms / / dhaaturuupa

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Verb Classification ( / dhaaturuupa): In chapter 1 and 3 we learnt about verb forms. Each verb has:

10 tenses or (lakaara). We have seen out of the 10 tenses 5 are enough for all our day-to-day needs;
3 persons or ( ) - 3rd person ( / prathamapuruSha), 2nd person ( / madhyamapuruSha) and 1st person ( / uttamapuruSha);
and 3 numbers - singuar ( / ekavachana), dual ( /dvivachana) and plural ( / bahuvachana)

The verb form is derived by adding special suffix (tip) to the root of the word. All such words are also called (tivantapada) meaning "ending with
(tip)". In this chapter we will learn about classification of verbs and their respective (tip) suffixes.

The verb form for each category of word is derived by adding pre-defined pattern of (tip) suffixes to the word root. All other words in that category follow the
same pattern. For example - the verb "be" or (bhuu) has a form like (bhavati), (bhavataH), (bhavanti) and so on. The verb "read" or (paTh) is of
the same category and follows the same pattern as (paThati), (paThataH), (paThanti). In both the cases the suffixes (ti), (taH) and (nti)
were added to the root words be ( / bhuu) and read ( / paTh) to get the derived form.

In Sanskrit verbs are classified into different categories based on:

the receiver of their result. If the result of the action represented by the verb is for the doer (Subject), then it is (aatmanepadii) meaning "for self". All
other verbs are (parasmaipadii) or "for others". The (tip) suffix used in these are different. Following table has the (tip) suffixes, for both.

- for others for self

pada - puruSha - parasmaipadii - aatmanepadii

3rd Person
- prathamapuruSha tip tas jhi ta aataam jh

2nd Person
- madhyamapuruSha sip thas tha thaas aathaam dhvam

1st Person
- uttamapuruSha mip vas mas iT vahiN^ mahiN^

their group or (gaNa). The verbs can belong to one of the 10 pre-defined groups or (gaNa). The groups are -
- bhvaadigaNa
- adaadigaNa
- juhotyaadigaNa
- divaadigaNa
- svaadigaNa
- tudaadigaNa
- rudhaadigaNa
- tanaadigaNa
- krayaadigaNa
- churaadigaNa

Following is a set of important verbs with their verb-forms along with the list of verbs of same category. Knowing these will help in deriving the verb forms of other
similar words. Note: We are in the process of adding verb-forms of more such verbs.

gaNa parasmaipadii aatmanepadii ubhayapadii

- bhuu, - paTh, - gam, - dRRish, - sthaa, - labh, - sev, - budh, - yaach, - nii, - vah
bhvaadigaNa - vad, - shru, - raksh, - raksha, - paa, - ghraa, - mRRid, - sah, -
- sev, - pach, - nam, - skRRi, - vas vRRit, - iiksh

- ad, - as, - rud, - suup, - stu, - yaa, - - aas, - shii, - bru,

adaadigaNa paa, - shaas, - vid + - adhi + i

- hRRi, - bhii, - haa, - hrii - maa - bhuu, - daa, - dhaa

juhotyaadigaNa

- div, - nRRit, - nash, - bhram, - shram, - pad, - sudh, - jan

divaadigaNa - so, - no, - kup

- aap, - shak, - chi - ash - su

svaadigaNa

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- iSh, - prachchh, - likh, - spRRish - ma, - sip - tuk, - muJNch

tudaadigaNa

- chhid, - bhid, - hi.ns, - bhaaj, - bhuuj, - bhuuj, - yuj - rudh

rudhaadigaNa - yuj

- tan, - kRRi
tanaadigaNa

- bandh, - mantr - krii, - skuJNj, - gRRih,

krayaadigaNa - puuJNj, - dnyaa, -
shiiJNj, - miiJNj, - vij

- chur - rud, - chint, - gaN, -

churaadigaNa kath, - bhaksh

be - - bhuu

be - - bhuu
( - laTlakaara bhvaadigaNa parasmaipadii)

Person / / puruSha Number / / vachana

Singular Dual Plural

/ ekavachana / dviivachana / bahuvachana

Third
/ prathama bhavati bhavataH bhavanti

Second
/ madhyama bhavasi bhavathaH bhavatha

First
/ uttama bhavaami bhavaavaH bhavaamaH

be - - bhuu
( - laN^lakaara bhvaadigaNa parasmaipadii)

Person / / puruSha Number / / vachana

Singular Dual Plural

/ ekavachana / dviivachana / bahuvachana

Third
/ prathama abhavat abhavataam abhavat

Second
/ madhyama abhavaH abhavatam abhavata

First
/ uttama abhavam abhavavaava abhavavaama

be - - bhuu
( - lRRiTlakaara bhvaadigaNa parasmaipadii)

Person / / puruSha Number / / vachana

Singular Dual Plural

/ ekavachana / dviivachana / bahuvachana

Third
/ prathama bhaviShyati bhaviShyataH bhaviShyanti

Second
/ madhyama bhaviShyasi bhaviShtathaH bhaviShyatha

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First
/ uttama bhaviShyaami bhaviShyaavaH bhaviShyaamaH

be - - bhuu
( - vidhailiN^lakaara bhvaadigaNa parasmaipadii)

Person / / puruSha Number / / vachana

Singular Dual Plural

/ ekavachana / dviivachana / bahuvachana

Third
/ prathama bhavet bhavetaam bhaveyuH

Second
/ madhyama bhaveH bhavetam bhaveta

First
/ uttama bhaveyam bhaveva bhavema

be - - bhuu
( - aadnyaa.nloTlakaara bhvaadigaNa parasmaipadii)

Person / / puruSha Number / / vachana

Singular Dual Plural

/ ekavachana / dviivachana / bahuvachana

Third
/ prathama bhavatu bhavataam bhavantu

Second
/ madhyama bhava bhavatam bhavata

First
/ uttama bhavaani bhavaava bhavaama

Similar Words - paTh, - vad, - shru, - raksh, - raksha, - paa, - ghraa, - sev, - pach, - nam, - vas, -
/ gam, - dRRish, - sthaa
samaruupadhaatu

get - - labh

get - - labh
( - laTlakaara bhvaadigaNa aatmanepadii)

Person / / puruSha Number / / vachana

Singular Dual Plural

/ ekavachana / dviivachana / bahuvachana

Third
/ prathama labhate labhete labhante

Second
/ madhyama labhase labhethe labhadhve

First
/ uttama labhe labhaavahe labhaamahe

get - - labh
( - laN^lakaara bhvaadigaNa aatmanepadii)

Person / / puruSha Number / / vachana

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Singular Dual Plural

/ ekavachana / dviivachana / bahuvachana

Third
/ prathama alabhata alabhetaam alabhanta

Second
/ madhyama alabhathaaH alabhethaam alabhadhvaam

First
/ uttama alabhe alabhaavahai alabhaamahi

get - - labh
( - lRRiTlakaara bhvaadigaNa aatmanepadii)

Person / / puruSha Number / / vachana

Singular Dual Plural

/ ekavachana / dviivachana / bahuvachana

Third
/ prathama lapsyate lapsyete lapsyante

Second
/ madhyama lapsyase lapsyethe lapsyadhve

First
/ uttama lapsye lapsyaavahe lapsyaamahe

get - - labh
( - vidhailiN^lakaara bhvaadigaNa aatmanepadii)

Person / / puruSha Number / / vachana

Singular Dual Plural

/ ekavachana / dviivachana / bahuvachana

Third
/ prathama labheta labheyaataam labheran

Second
/ madhyama labhethaaH labheyaathaam labhedhvaam

First
/ uttama labheya labhevahi labhemahi

get - - labh
( - aadnyaa.nloTlakaara bhvaadigaNa aatmanepadii)

Person / / puruSha Number / / vachana

Singular Dual Plural

/ ekavachana / dviivachana / bahuvachana

Third
/ prathama labhataam labhetaam labhantaam

Second
/ madhyama labhasva labhethaam labhadhvaam

First
/ uttama labhai labhaavahai labhaamahai

Similar Words - sev, - vudh, - mRRid, - sah, - vRRit, - iiksh

/ samaruupadhaatu

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