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In information technology, a protocol is the special set of rules that end points in a telecommunication
connection use when they communicate. Protocols specify interactions between the communicating
entities.
Syntax:
Semantics:
Semantics refers to the meaning of each section of bits. It does an route identify the route to be taken
or the final destination of the message.
Timing:
Timing refers to two characteristics: when data should be sent and how fast it should be sent.
SSL stands for Secure Sockets Layer. It is a protocol which creates a secure connection
between a client and the server over which to send information. SSLworks by using a
cryptographic system that uses two keys to encrypt data.
4.What is networking standard?
Networking standards ensure the interoperability of networking technologies by defining the rules of
communication among networked devices. Networking standards exist to help ensure products of
different vendors are able to work together in a network without risk of incompatibility.
a) If all the systems are following the same standard, it becomes easy for everyone to connection to
everyone else. In other words, the international standards provide easy interconnectivity.
b) Software designed by the developers from all over the world, wont have any problem in interfacing
with the host system and the other software. They will work well with a wide range of operating systems
and hardware since both are using the same standard.
HTTPS consists of communication over Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) within a connection
encrypted by Transport Layer Security, or its predecessor, Secure Sockets Layer.
Internet Protocol (IP), which uses a set of rules to send and receive messages at the Internet address
level
8.Define Network?
14.In this url, https://www.example.com/page2 ,which part is the web page , which part
is the server name and which part is the protocol?
First part: protocol (http://)
Second part: server name (www.example.com/page2)
15.Provide the abbreviation for TCP/IP and provide their responsibilities in the point
form.
IP Protocol
The IP protocol and its associated routing protocols are possibly the most significant of the entire TCP/IP suite. IP is
responsible for the following:
IP addressing The IP addressing conventions are part of the IP protocol. Designing an IPv4 Addressing
Scheme introduces IPv4 addressing and IPv6 Addressing Overview introduces IPv6 addressing.
Host-to-host communications IP determines the path a packet must take, based on the receiving system's
IP address.
Packet formatting IP assembles packets into units that are known as datagrams. Datagrams are fully
described in Internet Layer: Where Packets Are Prepared for Delivery.
Fragmentation If a packet is too large for transmission over the network media, IP on the sending system
breaks the packet into smaller fragments. IP on the receiving system then reconstructs the fragments into the
original packet.
TCP enables applications to communicate with each other as though they were connected by a physical circuit. TCP
sends data in a form that appears to be transmitted in a character-by-character fashion, rather than as discrete
packets. This transmission consists of the following:
TCP attaches a header onto the transmitted data. This header contains many parameters that help processes on the
sending system connect to peer processes on the receiving system.
TCP confirms that a packet has reached its destination by establishing an end-to-end connection between sending
and receiving hosts. TCP is therefore considered a reliable, connection-oriented protocol.