Documente Academic
Documente Profesional
Documente Cultură
On
Submitted
under
Conducted by
Prepared by
Name : J. REVATHI
Email: bhaghavanpress@gmail.com
TABLE OF CONTENT
1. Introduction of Printing
Modern printing is done typically with ink on paper using a printing press. It is
also frequently done on metals, plastics, cloth and composite materials. On paper it is
often carried out as a large-scale industrial process and is an essential part of
publishing and transaction printing.
Printing spread early to Korea and Japan, which also used Chinese logograms,
but the technique was also used in Turpan and Vietnam using a number of other
scripts. This technique then spread to Persia and Russia.[6] This technique was
transmitted to Europe from China, via the Islamic world, and by around 1400 was
being used on paper for old master prints and playing cards.[7] However, Arabs never
used this to print the Quran because of the limit of Islam doctrine.
In Europe
The earliest known woodcut, 1423, Buxheim, with hand-colouring Block
printing first came to Europe as a method for printing on cloth, where it was common
by 1300. Images printed on cloth for religious purposes could be quite large and
elaborate. When paper became relatively easily available, around 1400, the medium
transferred very quickly to small woodcut religious images and playing cards printed
on paper. These prints produced in very large numbers from about 1425 onward.
Letterpress
Letterpress printing is a technique of relief printing. A worker composes and
locks movable type into the bed of a press, inks it, and presses paper against it to
transfer the ink from the type which creates an impression on the paper.
Offset
Offset printing is a widely used printing technique. Offset printing is where
the inked image is transferred (or "offset") from a plate to a rubber blanket. An offset
transfer moves the image to the printing surface. When used in combination with the
lithographic process, a process based on the repulsion of oil and water; the offset
technique employs a flat (planographic) image carrier. So, the image to be printed
obtains ink from ink rollers, while the non-printing area attracts a film of water,
keeping the non-printing areas ink-free.
Currently, most books and newspapers are printed using the technique of
Offset.
1.0.
Achievement/Re
Training in Institute Duration
mark
- - - -
Designing
Printing
Lamination
Binding
Packaging
Colleges, Universities
Public
Shops
Corporates and
Others
Present demand & Very High Demand Due to Increase in Number of Colleges
supply Improvement in Indian Economy brought Good Scope for All
Businesses which brings Business to Us.
Competition High Yielding Industry
Target clients Colleges, Universities
Public
Shops
Corporates and
Others
Marketing strategy Promotion through word of mouth by Satisfied Customers
(USP) Personal Visits to Colleges, Universities etc.,
Personal Touch with Students Coming for Project Works
1.13. Manufacturing Process:
2.2. Machineries/Equipments:
Nos.
S.No. Description Rate (Rs) Total value(Rs)
required
1. 4 Color Offset Machine 1 74,99,100 74,99,100
2. Paper Cutting Machine 1 8,10,600 8,10,600
3. Perfect Binding Machine 1 5,49,150 5,49,150
4. Book Stitching Machine 1 1,30,200 1,30,200
Punching & Creasing
5. 1 3,05,050 3,05,050
Machine
6. Computers 5 40,000 2,00,000
TOTAL 94,94,100
2.3. Misc. Fixed Assets:
Total
S.No. Particulars Nos. required Rate (Rs.)
value(Rs.)
1. Electrical, Furniture - - 2,05,900
Sales Realization
Quantity Rate/Unit (Rs)
S.No. Items (s) (Rs) 50%
Sold/Yr 100% Capacity
Capacity
1. Printing - 93,60,000 46,80,000
2. Die Punching - 37,44,000 18,72,000
3. Binding - 55,00,000 27,50,000
4. DTP & Designing - 39,00,000 19,50,000
TOTAL 2,25,04,000 1,12,52,000
Total value
S.No Item (s) Quantity Rate (Rs) (Rs) 50%
Capacity
Materials for Printing & Offset
1. - - 23,40,000
Printing
2. Material for Die Punching - - 9,36,000
3. Material for Binding - - 10,92,000
4. Material for DTP & Designing - - 4,68,000
TOTAL 48,36,000
4.2. Utilities:
Annual
Wages/Salary
S.No. Particulars No. expenses (Rs)
p.m. (Rs)
50% Capacity
1 Skilled 6 58,000 3,48,000
2 Semi-skilled 2 19,000 1,14,000
3 Unskilled 3 22,000 1,32,000
4 Office staff - - -
5 Any other - - -
TOTAL 99,000 5,94,000
Amount (Rs)
S.No Particulars Remarks
50% Capacity
1. Publicity expenses 2,00,000 -
2. Traveling 50,000 -
3. Freight - -
4. Commission - -
5. Misc. 88,000 -
TOTAL 3,38,000
4.7. Administrative Expenses:
Amount (Rs)
S.No. Particulars Remarks
50% Capacity
1. Stationery & Printing 2,00,000 -
2. Rent 1,50,000 -
3. Post/telephone 2,00,000 -
4. Entertainment Expenses 50,000 -
5. Miscellaneous 7,05,000 -
TOTAL 13,05,000
4.8. Interest:
4.9. Depreciation:
Perfect Book
4 Color Offset Paper Cutting
Binding Stitching
Machine Machine
Machine Machine
Product 1 Product 2
Product3 Product 4
Amount Amount
Amount Amount
Total product cost
per unit (fixed
44,36,975 17,74,790 26,07,197 18,48,740
cost/unit+ variable
/unit)+tax
Desired Profit 2,43,025 97,210 1,42,803 1,01,260
Sale Price
46,80,000 18,72,000 27,50,000 19,50,000
(including tax)
S.
Particulars Amount (Rs)
No
Year-1 Year-2 Year-3 Year-4 Year-5
A Sales realization 1,12,52,000 1,35,02,000 1,57,53,000 1,80,03,000 2,02,54,000
Cost of producing
1 Raw materials 43,52,000 57,07,000 66,73,000 76,41,000 86,09,000
2 Power/Fuel 4,50,000 5,40,000 6,30,000 7,20,000 8,10,000
3 Salaries/wages 5,94,000 7,13,000 8,32,000 9,50,000 10,69,000
4 Rent 1,50,000 1,80,000 2,10,000 2,40,000 2,70,000
Selling&
B 5 distribution 3,38,000 4,05,000 4,73,000 5,40,000 6,08,000
expenses
Administrative
6 14,55,000 17,46,000 20,37,000 23,28,000 26,19,000
expenses
7 Interest 4,65,000 8,13,000 5,81,000 3,48,000 1,16,000
8 Closing Stock (32,97,000) (39,56,000) (46,15,000) (52,75,000) (59,33,000)