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CALCULO VECTORIAL
Ingeniera en Electrnica
NRC:3363
INTEGRANTES:
Brayan Lechn
Walter Chuquimarca
Nixon Castelo
Stalin Pez
= () = lim ()
=
=1
EJEMPLOS:
Hallar el rea limitada por la curva = 2 entre el eje de las X ya las ordenadas en
los puntos x=1; x=4.
= ()
4
= 2
1
3 4
= ]
3 1
43 13
=
3 3
= 21
3
4
= (4 2 )
0
3 4
= 2 2 ]
3 0
43 02
= 2(42 ) (2(02 ) )
3 3
32
=
3
Hallar el rea comprendida entre la curva = 8 + 2 2 el eje y y las rectas y =
1 y y = 3
= ()
3
= (8 + 2 2 )
1
3 32
= 8 + ]
3 1
3
3 13
= 8(3) + 32 (8(1) + (1)2 )
3 3
92
=
3
4
= 2 = 2 1
1 2 = = 2
Hallar el rea limitada por la curva = 2 7 + 6 entre el eje de las x y las rectas
= 2y = 1
= ()
6
= ( 2 7 + 6)
2
3 7 2 6
= ( + 6)]
3 2 2
63 7(6)2
= + 6(6)
3 2
23 7(2)2
( + 6(2))
3 2
66
=
3
Hallar el rea comprendida entre la curva = 3 6 2 + 8 con el eje de las x
= ()
2
= 2 ( 3 6 2 + 8)
0
4 2 3 2
= 2( + 4 2 )]
4 3 0
= 8
5
= ()
= [ ]
4
+ 4 2
= ( )
2 2 4
2 3 4
= ( 2 )]
4 12 2
42 43 (2)2 (2)3
= 2(4) ( 2(2) )
4 12 4 12
= 9
(9 2 + 36) + ( 4 2 8) = 4
9( 2 + 4) + 4( 2 2) = 4
9( 2 + 4 + 4) + 4( 2 2 + 1)
= 36
9( + 2)2 + 4 ( 1 )2 = 36
( + 2)2 ( 1)2
+ =1
4 9
C = (-2, 1), a = 3, b = 2
4 4
= 4 ( ) = 4 ( )
1 1
4
2 8 4
= 4 (2 (9 ( 1)2 ) + 2) => = ((9 ( 1)2 ))
1 3 3 1
8 1 1 1
= { ( 1)(9 ( 1)2 ) + (9) ( )}
3 2 2 3
4
= {0 + 9(1) 0 0}
3
= 62
6
1 = 3 2 3 , 2 = 3 2
Puntos de corte
x = 0, y = 0 = ( 2 3)
3 2 3 2
y = 0, 0 = 2 (3 ) = (3,0) = ( 2 3 + (2) ) + (2)
3 9
v = ( , )
2 4
2 2 = 0
(2 ) = 0
x = 2, y = 0
Puntos relativos
3 2 2 = 3 2
3 4 2 + 3 = 0
( 2 4 + 3) = 0
( 3)( 1) = 0
m = 0, 6 3 2 = 0
= 1 + 2
3 1
= (1 2 ) + (2 1 )
1 0
3 0
= (3 2 3 3 + 2 ) + (3 2 3 2 3 )
1 1
4 1 3 3 4 1
= { 3 4 2 } + { 2 3 4 }
3 4 2 2 3 4
37
=
12
7
Puntos de Corte
x = 0, y = 1
+ 3 = 2 2
+ 3 = ( 2 2 + 1) 1
+ 4 = ( 1)2
V = ( 1, -4 )
2
= (1 2 )
2
2
= (6 2 2 + 2)
2
2
2
= (2 2 + 8) => = { 3 + 4 2 }
2 3
64
=
3
8
= cos() ; = sin() ; 2 + 2 = 2
Para graficar se obtienen cuantos puntos que se deseen sin ms que sustituir valores de z y
hallar los correspondientes de en particular es conveniente dibujar los puntos en que r es
mximo y mnimo y hallar los valores de que correspondan a los pasos de la curva por el
origen si es que existen.
Ejemplo:
=0 =0
= 90 =
= = 2
=0 =0
= 90 =
= = 2
1 2
=
2
EJEMPLOS:
1
= 2
2
1
= (2) [(1 + cos())]2
2 0
= 2 [(1 + cos())]2
0
= 2 [1 + 2 cos() + cos()2 ]
0
2
1 cos(2)
= [1 + 2 cos() + + ]
0 2 2
3 cos(2)
= 2 [ + 2 cos() + ]
0 2 2
3 sin(2)
= 2 [ + 2 sin() + ]
2 4 0
3 sin(2) 0 sin(0)
= 2 { + 2 sin() + [ + 2 sin(0) + ]}
2 4 2 4
3 2
=
2
11
Hallar el rea de = 2
0 /2
r 0 2a 0
= 2
= 2 ( )
2 = 2
2 + 2 = 2
2 + 2 2 + 2 = 2 => 2 + ( )2 = 2
= (0. ) =
2
1 2
= 42 ( )
2
0
42 1
= ( 2)
2 2
= 2
1
= 2
2
/2
1
= ( ) 2 (42 2 )
2
0
r 0 a 2a
12
1
= 2 =>
2
2
1
= (2) (12 22 )
2
0
2
= (2 2 (1 )2 )
0
2
= 2 (1 (1 )2 )
0
2
= 2 (1 1 + 2 cos2 )
0
2
= 2 (2 cos2 )
0
2
1 1
= 2 (2 )
2 2
0
2
1
= {2 2} => = 2 {2 }
4 4 4
2
= (2 )
4
0 /2
r 2 2 imaginario
= 0; 0 = 2
2 = arccos()
2 = 2
= /4
13
1
= 2
2
4
1
= (4) (22 2)
2
0
= 42 2
0
1
= 42 ( 2)
2
= 22 {2 ( ) 0}
4
= 22
0 Pi Pi/2
r 2a 2a Discontinuidad
Puntos de interseccin
=
2 cos(2) = 2
2
2 cos(2) = 1
1
cos(2) =
2
1
2 = arccos ( )
2
=
6
1
= 2
2
/6
1
= ( ) (12 22 )
2 0
6
= (22 2 2 )
0
14
6
2
= 2 (22 1)
0
/6
= 22 [2 ]
0
= 2 (3 )
3
Hallar el rea limitada por la curva = (3)
= 0; 0 = (3 )
3 () = ()
3() = /2
() = /6
/2
1
= (6) ( 2 )
2
0
/3
= 3 (2 cos 2 (3)
0
/6
1 + 6
= 32 ( )
2
0
32 1
= [ + 6 ( )]
2 6 6 6
2
=
4
15
= ()3
Hallar el rea contenida en el interior del astroide {
= ()3
= cos ^3()
= 0; 0 = cos 3 ()
=
2
0
= 4 3 () ( cos3 ())
/2
1 cos(2)
= 12 (sin2() ( )
2
/2
0
12 1 cos(4)
= ( sin2 () cos(2))
8 2
/2
12 sin(4) 1 3 (2) 0
= [ sin ]
8 2 8 2 2 /2
3 2
=
12
Hallar el rea de la superficie contenida y el arco de la cicloide
= ( ())
{
= (1 ())
16
x = a(t sin(t)) = 2
= 0; 0 = ( sin()) 2 = ( sin())
0 = sin() 2 = ( sin())
=0 = 2
2
A = ( acos())( acos())
0
2
= 2 = 2 cos 3 = 2 sin3
2 = 2 = cos 3 = sin3
2 2
1 1
2 2
3 3
= 2 2 ( ) = ( ) =
2 2
sin2 + cos 2 = 1
2 2 2
3 + 3 = 23
2 2 3
2
= (23 3)
2 = 2
2 2 3
2
() = 2 (23 3) = 0.5
2 2 2
2 (23 3 )
() = 2 2 1
3
2 2 3
() = 2(0.5) (0.5)2 (23 (0.5)3 ) = 0.1418
2 2 2
2 ((2)3 (0.5)3 )
(0) = 2 2(0.5) 1 = 3.3341
(0.5)3
(0 )
1 = 0
(0 )
0.1418
1 = 0.5 = 0.5426
3.3341
Calculo del Error
1 0
=| | 100%
1
= 7.83%
(1 )
2 = 1
(1)
2 = 0.54413
18
= 0.241%
= (0.9; 0.54413)
2
= (1 )
0.53
2 3
2 2
= (2 2 (1.59 3 ) )
0.53
= 3 = 3 2
3
= (((1 sin 2))) () (1.59 2 )2 3 2
1 1
= ( ( arcsin(1 )) (2 arcsin(1 )))
2 2
3
(1.59)2 cos3 3(1.59) sin3 1.59
= 1.23747 1.059
A = 0.75934
19
Pasos:
1. Trazar el grfico del rea con una franja representativa perpendicular al eje de
revolucin del rea plana (rectngulo genrico).
2. Calcular el volumen del disco o cilindro generado al girar el rectngulo genrico
entorno al eje de revolucin.
3. Aplicar el teorema fundamental.
Cuando el eje de revolucin es el eje X y la frontera superior del rea plana y=f(x) entre x=a y
x=b el volumen b del slido de revolucin viene dado por la siguiente relacin.
= = [()]
Ejercicios:
1. Hallar el volumen generado al girar el rea plana primer cuadrante limitada por la
parbola 2 = 8 y su lado recto = 2 entorno al eje x
20
= 2
2
= 8
0
2
= (4 2 ) |
0
= [. . ]
2. Hallar el volumen generado al girar el rea plana limitada por la parbola 2 = 8 y su
lado recto = 2 entorno a su lado recto.
= 2
4
= ( )2
4
4 2
2
= (2 )
4 8
4
2 4
= 2 (4 + )
0 2 64
3 5 4
= 2 (4 + )|
6 64 5 0
43 45
= 2 (4(4) + )
6 64 5
2 1
= 2(42 ) (1 + )
3 5
8
= 32 ( )
15
= [. . ]
3. Halle el volumen interior a la curva 2 2 = 16, = 0; = 8 entorno al eje x.
2 2
16
16 = 1 =4 =4
= 2
8
= ( 2 16)
4
3 8
= ( 16) |
3 4
83 43
= {( 16(8)) ( 16(4))}
3 3
8 1
= {83 ( 2) 43 ( 1)}
3 3
= [. . ]
21
= 2
8
= ( )2
4
8
= (16 4 2 )2
4
8
= (256 128 2 16 4 )
4
128 3 16 5 2
= (256 )|
3 5 0
128(23 ) 16(25 )
= (256(2) )
3 5
= [. . ]
= 2
2
= ( )2
0
2 1 2
= (2 3 )
0
2 1 2
= (4 4 3 + 3 )
0
4 5
3 3 3 3 2
= (4 + )|
2 5 0
4 5
3 23 3 23
= (4(2) + )
2 5
= [. . ]
22
Pasos:
= [()] [()]
= {[()] [()] }
Ejemplos:
= 2 2
4
= (2 2 )
4
4 2
2 2
= 2 [2 ( ) ]
0 8
4
4
= 2 (4 )
0 64
5 4
= 2 (4 )|
64 5 0
45
= 2 (4(4) )
64 5
1
= 2(42 ) (1 + )
5
4
= 32 ( )
5
= [. . ]
4
= (21 22 )
0
4
= [21 ( )2 ]
0
4
= [62 (6 4 + 2 )2 ]
0
4
= [36 (36 48 + 28 2 8 3 + 4 )]
0
4
V = (48 28 2 + 8 3 4 )
0
24
28 3 5 4
V = (24 2 + 2 4 ) |
3 5 0
28(4)3
2 4
(4)5
V = (24(4) + 2(4) )
3 5
= [. . ]
( 3)2 = ( 9)
(3,9)
= 3 9 +
= 1 + 1
= 1 + 2 + 3
= ( 2 2 + 1) 1
( + 1) = ( 1)2
(1, 1)
9 0
8
= (12 12 ) + (22 12 ) + (22 12 )
0
8 1
9
8
2 2
= ((3 + 9 + ) (3 9 + ) ) + ((1 + + 1)2 (3 9 + )2 )
0
8
0
Ejemplo:
= 2
4
= 2 (1 2)
0
4
= 2 (6 2 2 + 2)
0
4
= 2 (8 2 2 )
0
4
= 4 (4 2 )
0
4
= 4 4 2 3
0
4 3 4 4
= 4 [ ]|
3 4
0
44 44
= 4 [ ]
3 4
1 1
= 4(44 )
3 4
(44 )4
=
12
256 3
=
3
26
Si () ; x
2 3
=
3 0
2 3
= (1 + cos)2
3 0
23 (1 + )4
= [ ]|
3 4 0
3
= [0 24 ]
6
= 2 2 + 2 2 2
= 2 2 2
= 2(1 )
= 2 2
= 2(1 )
2 + 2 = 2
4 2 (1 )2 + 42 (1 )2 = 2
4(1 )2 ( 2 + 2 ) = 2
2(1 ) =
2 3 16 (1 )4
= = ( )|
3 0 3 4 0
2 4 4
= 8(1 )3 = [2 0]
3 0 3
27
=
3
3. Hallar el volumen del cuerpo que se engendra al girar la cicloide 2 = 2 alrededor
de la asntota.
2
= 2 0
3
2
2
= 2 (2 )
0 2
2
= 2 (2 )
0
= 2
= 2
2
= 2 (2 2 )1/2 2 2
0
2
= 4 (2 2 )1/2 4
0
3 3
1 1 2 (1 )2
= 4 8 ( ( ( ) (4 ( ))) 2 )
16 2 4 2 122
( )
28
Con respecto a una recta L es el producto del rea por la distancia dirigida de su centroide a
esta recta.
El momento de un rea compuesta con respecto a una recta est dado por la suma de los
momentos de reas individuales
Ejercicios
1. a) Hallar los momentos con respecto a los ejes coordenados del rea plana limitada en
el segundo cuadrante por la curva = 2 9
b) Determine su centroide
3
=
0
3 3
3
= ( 2 9) = ( + 9)
0 3 0
= 182
=
3 3 3
= = ( 2 9) = ( 3 9)
0 0 0
3
4 9 2 81
= ( ) =
4 2 0 4
=
3
1 3 1 3
= . = 2 = ( 2 9)2
0 2 2 0 2 0
3
1 3 1 5 324
= ( 4 18 2 + 81) = ( 6 3 + 81) =
2 0 2 5 0
5
324 =
5
= =
18 81
18 = = 4
= 18
5
9
18 9 =
(, ) = ( , ) 8
5 4
1
=
0
1 1 1
2 3 1
= ( ) = ( 2 ) = ( ) = 2
0 0 2 3 0 6
=
1 1
( + )
= ( ) = ( )
2 2
0 0
1 1 1 1
= ( 2 2 ) = ( 2 4 )
2 0 2 0
1
1 3 5 1
= ( ) =
2 3 5 0 15
=
1 1
= ( ) = ( 2 )
0 0
1 1
2
3 4
3
1
= ( ) = ( ) =
0 3 4 0 12
1 =
12
= =
1 1
6 15
= =
1
1 6
=
2
2
1 2 =
(, ) = ( , ) 5
2 5
3. Hallar el centroide limitada por las parbolas: = 2 ; 2 = 8
- Puntos de interseccin
8
1 = ; 2 =
2
4 = 8
3 = 8
= 2; = 4
31
4
=
0
4 4
2
= (1 2 ) = ( ( ))
0 0 8
4
3 2 3 8
= ( 2 + ) = 2
3 24 0 3
=
4 4 (1 + 2 )
= (1 2 ) = (1 2 )
0 2 0 2
4
1 2 2
= ( + ) ( )
2 8 8
0
4 4
1 4 1 5 12
= ( ) = ( ) =
2 64 2 320 0 5
0
=
4
4
2
= (1 2 ) = ( + )
0 8
0
4 4
3 2 3 3 24
= ( ) = ( 2 ) =
8 3 32 0 5
0
= 9
=
10
12
9 9
5
8 (, ) = ( , )
= = 5 10
3
32
= 9
=
5
24
5
= = 8
3
1 2
= = 3 cos
3 1
1 2
= = 3
3 1
1. Hallar el centroide del rea del lazo del primer cuadrante de la rosa = 2
1 2
= 2
2 1
1 2 1 21
= 2 = (1 cos4)
2 0 2 0 2
1 4 2 2
= ( ) =
4 2 0 8
1 2
3
1 2
= 2cos = (2cos)3 cos
3 0 3 0
1 2 1 2
= (23 4
cos ) = (1 cos 2 )(cos4 )
3 0 3 0
= ; = 0 2(1 2 )4
8 2
2 ) 4
8 2 8 5 7 2
= (1 = (4 6 )
= ( )
3 0 3 0 3 5 7 0
33
8 5 7 2 16
= ( ) =
3 5 7 0
105
Por simetra: =
16
105
= =
8
128
=
105
128 128
(, ) = ( , )
105 105
6
2. Determine el centroide del rea limitada por la parbola = ; en el primer
1+cos
cuadrante
1
= 2 ; = 2 2 2 0 2(1 + 2 )
2
2 )
3 2 1 2
= 9 (1 + = 9 ( + ) = 9 (tan + tan3 ) = 122
0 3 0 2 3 2 0
34
1 2
= 3
3 1
1 2 216 2
= = 72
3 0 (1 + cos)3 0 (1 + cos)3
2 1
= 1 + ; = 3
0
2 2
2 1 1 1
= 72 = 72 ( ) = 36 ( ) = 27
0 3 22 0 (1 + )2 0
1 2
= 3 cos
3 1
2
1 2 216 cos
= cos = 72
3 0 (1 + cos)3 2 3
(2cos ) 2
0
2
cos 2 2 2 2 2
= 9 = 9 4 tan2 2
2 2 2
(cos6 2 ) 0
0
2 2 2
= 9 [ 4 (tan2 2 ) (tan4 3 ) ]
0 2 0 2 2 0 2 2
2 2 2
= 9 [ (1 + tan2 ) 2 (tan2 2 ) (tan4 2 (1 + tan2 )) ]
0 2 2 0 2 2 0 2 2
= ; = 2
2 2 2
2 ) (2 )
= 9 [ (1 + (4 (1 + 2 )) ]
0 0 0
3 3 1 2
= 9 [( + ) ( (3ln |2 + 1 + | + 2 + 1(84 + 2 2 3)))]
3 3 48 0
2
1 72
= 9 [tan ((3ln |tan2 + 1 + tan|) + tantan2 + 1(8tan4 + 2tan2 3))] =
48 0 5
= =
72
9
= = 5
12 = = 4
6 12
= 3
5 =
16
6 3
( , )
5 16
35
LONGITUD DE ARCO
Para cartesianas:
= 1 + ()2
Para paramtricas:
= ()2 + ()2
Para polares:
= ()2 + ()2
36
9 81 4+81
= 2 ()1/2 ()2 = 1 + ()2 =
4 4
4 + 81
=
0 4
(4 + 81)3/2
= 0 4
81 3
8
= (8282 1)
243
1
Hallar la longitud de arco de la catenaria = 2 ( + ) entre x=0 y x= a.
1
= ( + )
2
1
= ( )
2
2
1
1 + = 1 + ( ( ))
2
37
2
1 + = (( + ))
2
((
= + ) )
0
1
= ( + )
2 0
1
=
2
Hallar la longitud de curva de la cicloide = + sin() ; = 1 + cos()
= 1 + cos() = sin()
2 + 2 = (1 + cos())2 + (sin())2
2 + 2 = 2 2 cos()
2
= 2 2 cos()
0
1 cos() = 2(sin(/2))2
2
= 4(sin(/2))2
0
2
= 2sin( /2)
0
= (4 cos ( )) 0 2
2
= 8
38
2
=
12
=
6
2
1 + 2 = 1 +
36
9
2 2
= 1 +
0 36
9
1 2
= 36 + 2
6 0
= 6tan() = 6(sec())2
9
1 2
= 36 + (6tan())2 6(sec())2
6 0
9
36 2
= (sec())3
6 0
(sec())1 ) sin 2
(sec()) = + (sec())2
1 1
1 1
= 6 ( sec tan + ln(sec + tan )) 0 4.5
2 2
= 4.89
CENTROIDE DE UN ARCO
= =
= 1 + ()2
= 1 + ()2
39
=
1 + 2 =
25 2
5
=
0 25 2
= 5 arcsin 5 Entre 0 y 5
5
=
2
=
5
= 25 2
0 25 2
5
= 5
0
= 25
25 10
= =
5
2
Como es simtrica respecto al origen entonces
10 10
C( , ) = ( , )
40
Cuando un rea plana comn se hace girar alrededor de una recta de su plano que no tiene
punto comunes con ella hay una frmula que relaciona el volumen generado por la superficie
de la longitud de la circunferencia descrito por su centro de gravedad.
TEOREMA: Si un rea plana gira alrededor de una recta de su plano que no lo corta, el volumen
generado es igual al producto del rea por la distancia recorrida por su centro de gravedad.
Ejemplo:
= ( 2 ) (2)
= 2 2 2
Ejercicios:
a) = ( ) (2)
41
= (2 4) (2 5)
= (8) (10)
= 80 u3
b) = ( ) (2)
= (2 4) (2 8)
= (8) (16)
= 128 u3
++
c) = | |
2 + 2 (,)
: + = 0 = 2
+ 14
=| | = (2 4) ( )
12 + 12 (4,3) 2
4+3 = u
=| |
2
7
=| |
2
2. Calcular el volumen generado por la rotacin de la regin limitada entre las curvas
= cos 3
{ ; = sin() cos() alrededor de la recta = .
= sin3
= sin() cos()
=
2 =
2 + 2 =
1 1 1 1
2 + + + 2 + = +
4 4 4 4
42
1 2 1 2 1
( + ) + ( ) =
2 2 2
1 1
( ; )
2 2
3
= cos = sin3
1 1
3 = cos 3 = sin
2 2
sin + cos = 1
2 2
3 + 3 = 1
2 2
3 = 3 + 1
3
2 2
= (1 3)
Puntos de cotes:
2 2
3 + 3 = 1
=
2 2
3 + ()3 = 1
2
2 3 = 1
2 1
3 =
2
3
1 2
=( )
2
2
= 0,3
4
REA 1:
1 =
1 = ( )
0 3
2 2
1 = ((1 3) ())
2
4
0 3 0
2 2
1 = (1 3 ) +
2 2
4 4
3 2
= = 3
43
0 0
3
2 (1 2 )2
1 = 3 +
2 2
4 4
= sin = cos 1 2 = cos2
0 0
2
3 2
1 = 3 sin cos (cos 2 )2 + ( )|
2 2
2 4
4
2
2
0 ( 4 )
1 = 3 sin2 cos 2 cos2
2
2
4
0
sin2(2) 1 + cos(2) 1
1 = 3 ( )( )
4 2 16
2
4
0
3 1
1 = (sin2(2) + sin2 (2) cos(2))
8 16
2
4
0
3 1 1 1 1
1 = [( sin 4) + ( sin3(2))]| 2
8 2 8 6 16
4
0
3 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
1 = [( (arcsin ( 3 )) sin (4 (arcsin ( 3 )))) + ( sin3 (2 (arcsin ( 3 ))))]|
8 2 8 6
2 16
4
1 1 1
3 3 3
3 1 2 1 2 1 2 1
1 = [( (arcsin (( ) )) sin (4 arcsin (( ) ))) + ( sin3 (2 arcsin ( ) ))]
8 2 4 8 4 6 4 16
3 1 1 1
1 = [ ]
8 8 6 16
3 + 4 1
1 =
64 16
3
1 =
64
1 0.1472621556 u3
REA 2:
=0 0 = sin cos
sin =
tan = 1
=
4
44
2
1
2 = 2
2
4
2
1
2 = (sin cos )2
2
4
2
1
2 = (sin2 2 sin cos + cos2 )
2
4
2
1 1 cos(2) 1 cos(2)
2 = ( sin(2) + + )
2 2 2 2 2
4
2
1
2 = (1 sin(2))
2
4
1 cos(2) 2
2 = ( + )|
2 2
4
1 cos() cos (2 )
2 = [( + )( + )]
2 2 2 4 2
1 1
2 = ( )
2 2 2 4
2
2 =
8
2 0.1427 u3
= 1 + 2
11 16
=
64
= 0.2899612373 u3
MOMENTOS:
(; )
1
(; ( + ))
2
1 =
1 = ( )
45
0 3
2 2
1 = [(1 3) + ]
2
4
0 3 0
2 2
1 = (1 3 ) + 2
2 2
4 4
5 0
0
1 2 2 4 2 3
1 = [ (1 3 ) (35 3 + 20 3 + 8 )]| + [ ]|
105 3 2
2 4
4
5 3
2 2 4 2 2
8 1 2 3 2 3 2 3 ( )
4
1 = 105 + 105 (1 ( 4 ) ) (35 ( 4 ) + 20 ( 4 ) +8) 3
8 1 2 35 2
1 = + ( + 10 + 8) +
105 105 8 4 96
8 2 107 2
1 = + ( )+
105 840 4 96
8 1072 2
1 = + +
105 3360 96
256 + 1422
1 =
3360
1 = 0.0164231173
1 =
1
1 = ( ) ( + )
2
0
1
1 = (2 2 )
2
2
4
0 3 2
1 2 2
1 = [(1 3 ) ] ()2
2
2
4
0 0
1 2 3
1 = (1 3 ) 2
2
2 2
4 4
7 5 0
3 3
1 9 3
9 3
1 = [ + ]|
2 7 5 3 3
2
4
46
7 5 0
1 9 3 9 3 2 3
1 = [ + ]|
2 7 5 3
2
4
7 5
3
2 3 2 3 2
9 ( 4 ) 9 ( 4 ) 2 ( 4 )
1 2
1 = + + +( )
2 7 5 3 4
[ ]
1 = 0.05976735889
2 =
1
2 = 3 cos
3
2
1
2 = (sin cos )3 cos
3
4
2
1
2 = (cos3 + 3 cos2 sin + 3 cos sin2 + sin3 ) cos
3
4
2 2 2 2
1
2 = cos 4 + 3 cos3 sin + 3 cos2 sin2 + sin3 cos
3
[4 4 4 4 ]
2 2 2 2 2
2 (2)
1 1 + cos(2) sin
2 = ( ) + 3 cos 3 sin + 3 ( ) + sin3 cos
3 2 4
[4 4 4 4 ]
1 3 1 3 3 3 3 3 2
2 = [ + sin() cos3 () + sin() cos() cos4 () + sin(4) + sin4 ()]|
3 8 4 8 4 8 32 4
4
10 3
2 =
16
2 = 0.035951
2 =
1
2 = 3 sin
3
47
2
1
2 = (sin cos )3 sin
3
4
2
1
2 = (cos3 + 3 cos2 sin + 3 cos sin2 + sin3 ) sin
3
4
2 2 2 2
1
2 = cos 3 sin + 3 cos2 sin2 + 3 cos sin3 + sin4
3
[4 4 4 4 ]
2 2 2 2 2
2 (2)
1 1 cos(2) sin
2 = ( ) + 3 cos 3 sin + 3 ( ) + sin3 cos
3 2 4
[4 4 4 4 ]
1 3 1 3 3 3 3 3 2
2 = [ + sin() cos3 () + sin() cos() cos4 () + sin(4) + sin4 ()]|
3 8 4 8 4 8 32 4
4
3 6
2 =
16
2 = 0.21405
= 1 + 2
256 + 1422 10 3
= +
3360 16
= 0.01952826015
= 1 + 2
3 6
= 0.05976735889 +
16
= 0.1542812637
= =
= =
0.01952826015 0.1542812637
= =
0.2899612373 0.2899612373
= 0.06734783012 = 0.5320754772
(; )
48
(0.06735; 0.532075)
+ +
=| |
2 + 2 (,)
: + = 0
+
=| |
12 + 12 (0.06735;0.532075)
0.06735 + 0.532075
=| |
2
0.5994233073
=| |
2
= 0.4238562854
= 2
= (0.2899612373)(0.8477125708)
= . u
49
REAS DE REVOLUCIN
El rea de la superficie generada al girar el arco AB de una curva continua en torno a una recta
de su plano es por definicin el lmite de la suma de las reas generadas por las N cuerdas
consecutivas 1 , 2 , , 1 que unen puntos del arco al girar el en torno a dicha recta cuando
el nmero de cuerdas crece indefinidamente de manera tal que la longitud de ellas tiende a 0.
Si A(a,c) y B (b,d) son 2 puntos de la cuerda y=f(x) donde f(x), f(x) son continuas y f(x) no cambia
de signo en el intervalo axb el rea de la superficie generada al girar el arco AB en torno al eje x
viene dado por:
2
= = 2 = 2 1 + ( )
2
= = 2 = 2 1 + ( )
Ejercicios:
= 2
2
= 2 1 + ( )
2 = 12
2 = 12
6
=
50
2 36
1+( ) =1+ 2
2 2 + 36
1+( ) =
2
3
2 + 36
= 2
2
0
3
1
= 2 ( 2 + 36)2
0
3
1
= 2 (12 + 36)2
0
1 3 2 3
= 2 [ (12 + 36)2 ]
12 30
3 3
= ( ) (722 362 )
9
= 24(22 1)
2. Hallar el rea de la superficie de revolucin generado al girar en torno al eje x, ella rea
de la parbola 2 + 4 = 2|| , entre = 1, = 3 .
2 2
=
4
= 2 1 + ( )2
1 2
( ) = [ 2]
4
1 2
( )=( )
2
51
2
2 1 2
1 + ( ) = 1+ ( )
2 2 ( 2 + 1)2
1+( ) =
2 4 2 + (1 2 2 + 4 ) 4 2
1+( ) =
4 2
2
2 + 4 + 1
2
1+( ) =
4 2
3
= 2 1 + ( )2
1
3
( 2 + 1)2
= 2
1 4 2
3
= ( 2 + 1)
1
3
3
= ( + )
3 1
1
= [(9 + 3) ( + 1)]
3
4
= (12 )
3
32
= ( ) us
3
3. Hallar el rea de la superficie de revolucin generada al hacer girar en torno al eje x la
2 2
elipse 16 + 4
= 1.
2 + 4 2 = 16 2
2 = 4
4
16 2 = 4 2
52
2 2
2 + 8 =0 1 + ( ) = 1 + ( )
4
+ 4 =0 2 2
1+( ) =1+
16 2
= 2 16 2 + 2
4 1+( ) =
16 2
4
2
= 2 1 + ( )
4
4
16 2 + 2
= 2
16 2
4
4
2 1
= (16 2 + 2 )2
4
4
4
1
= (2) (64 4 2 + 2 )2
2
0
4
1
= (64 3 2 )2
0
4 1
64 2
= 3 ( 2 )
3
0
4
64 1 64 3
= 3 [ 2 + ( ) arcsin ( )]
2 3 2 3 8
0
4 64 64 3
= 3 [ 16 + ( ) arcsin ( )]
2 3 6 2
1 16 32
= 3 [ + ( ) ( )]
2 3 3 3
53
23 32
= 3 [ +( )]
3 9
= 85,91 us
2 2 2
( ) + ( ) = (2() + 2(2)) + (2() 2())2
2 2
( ) + ( ) = 42 () 8()(2) + 42 (2) + 4 2 () 8()(2) + 4 2 ()
2 2
( ) + ( ) = 4 + 4 8 [()(2) + ()(2)]
2 2
( ) + ( ) = 8 8[ ()2() cos() + cos()] [ 2 () 2 ()]
2 2
( ) + ( ) = 8 8[22 () cos() + 3 () cos() 2 ()]
2 2
( ) + ( ) = 8 8[2 () cos() + 3 ()]
2 2
( ) + ( ) = 8 8[2 () cos() + 2 () cos()]
54
2 2
( ) + ( ) = 8 8cos()[2 ()+ 2 ()]
2 2
( ) + ( ) = 8[(1 ()]
1
= 2 ( 2() (2)) 8 (1 )2
0
1
= 2 0 ( 2() 2()cos() 8 (1 )2
1
= 2(2) 0 () (1 )8 (1 )2
3
= 48 0 (1 )2 ( )
= 1 cos() = ()
3
= 48 0 ()2
5
2
= 48 ()2 5
5
88
= [(1 )2 ]0
5
88 5
= (22 0)
5
88
= 25
5
88 22 2
=
5
32 16
=
5
128
= 5 us
= 2
2
= csc( )
1
=
sen()
=1
55
= 2 ( )
2
1
( ) = 2 ( ) ( ) ( )
2 2 2
( ) = ( ) ( )
2 2
2
2 + ( ) = 4 ( ) + 2 ( ) 2 ( )
2 2 2
2
2 + ( ) = 2 ( ) [2 ( ) + 2 ( )]
2 2 2
2
2 + ( ) = 2 ( )
2
= 2 ( ) = 2 ( ) ( )
2 2 2
= = 2
2
= 2 + ( )2
0
2
= 2 ( )
0 2
2
= 2 ( ) ( )
0 2
2
= 2 ( 2 ( )) ( )
0 2 2
2
1
= 2 ( 2 ( )) ( ))
0 2 2
2 (1 2 )
= 2 ( 2 ( ))
0 2
2 2
= 2 ( )) 2 ( )3
0 2 0 2
2 2
= 2 ( )) 2 2( )cos( )( )3
0 2 0 2 2 2
2 2
= 2 ( )) 4 ( )4 cos( )
0 2 0 2 2
2 4 5 2
= [2(2)cos( )] [ ( ) ]
2 0 5 2 0
4(2)
= 4[ cos(0)] [ 5 cos(0)5 ]
5
= 4(2)
= 8
56
Ejemplo:
= (Arco ) (Arco )
= (2) (2)
= 4 2
= 2
= 2
Ejercicio:
= 2 ( )
2
1
( ) = 2 ( ) ( ) ( )
2 2 2
( ) = ( ) ( )
2 2
57
2
2 + ( ) = 4 ( ) + 2 ( ) 2 ( )
2 2 2
2
2 + ( ) = 2 ( ) [2 ( ) + 2 ( )]
2 2 2
2
2 + ( ) = 2 ( )
2
2 = 2 cos() + 2 cos(0)
=
0
= 2 + 2
2 = 4
2
2
= + ( )
0
2 = ( ) ( )
= sin2 ( ) = (4) (2)
2
0
2
= 8 (1)
= sin ( ) = 8 u3
2
0
2
= [2 cos ( )]|
2 0
58
En torno al eje x:
= =
(; 0)
= 2
2
= 2 = 2 1 + ( )
En torno al eje y:
= =
(0; )
= 2
2
= 2 = 2 1 + ( )
Ejercicio:
1. Hallar el rea de revolucin generada por = sin2 (2 ) en torno a la recta csc = .
= 2 1 + ( )2
= 2 1 + ( )2
59
4 + 3 = 8 2 9
1+( ) =1+
16
4 () + 3 = 0
2 25
3 1+( ) =
16
( )=
4
8 3
=
4
5
= 2 ( ) 2
4 = 2 = 2 1 + ( )
2
8 3 5 2
= 2 ( ) ( ) 8 3 5
0 4 4 = 2 ( ) ( )
0 4 4
2
5 2
= 2 ( ) (8 3) 5
16 0 = 2 ( ) (8 3 2 )
16 0
5 3
= ( ) (8 2 )20 5
8 2 = ( ) (4 2 3 )20
8
25
= ( ) 5
4 = ( ) (16 8)
8
= 5
5
=
25
4
5(4)
=
25
4
=
5
4
( , 0) = ( ; 0)
5