PROJECT: STEEL BUILDING DESIGN CASE STUDY

SUBJECT: PROJECT PLAN SHEET 1 of 131

PROJECT: STEEL BUILDING DESIGN CASE STUDY
SUBJECT: CALCULATIONS - CONTENTS SHEET 2 of 131

DESIGN CALCULATIONS FOR 3-STORY OFFICE BUILDING

CONTENTS

SHEETS SUBJECT
2 CONTENTS
3 GENERAL INFORMATION
4 ARRANGEMENT
5 BASIC FRAME
6 THRU 7 FLOOR & ROOF LOADS
8 DECK SELECTION
9 THRU 15 RAIN, SNOW & LATERAL LOADS
16 THRU 88 MEMBER SELECTION - VERTICAL LOADS
89 THRU 94 ANALYSIS, ADAPTATION FOR LATERAL LOADS
95 THRU 103 BRACING, COMPRESSION MEMBER DESIGN
104 THRU 105 BRACING, TENSION MEMBER DESIGN
106 THRU 107 BASE PLATE
108 THRU 111 STAIRWELL ANALYSIS
112 THRU 114 ELEVATOR STRUCTURAL SYSTEM, TENSION DESIGN
115 THRU 133 CONNECTIONS
PROJECT: STEEL BUILDING DESIGN CASE STUDY
SUBJECT: GENERAL INFORMATION SHEET 3 of 131

CALCULATIONS FOR PRIMARY STRUCTURAL FRAME

3 STORY OFFICE BUILDING
3100 SOUTH WEST STREET
LAWRENCE, KANSAS
DESIGN TEAM:
ARCHITECT: ARCHITECTS R' US a
STRUC. ENGR.: AISC DESIGN ENGINEERS a
MECH/ELEC/LIGHTING & ARCHITECTURAL SYSTEMS: B. SELF, INC. a
GEOTECHNICAL: SOILS GUYS a
INFO INDICATES SPREAD FOOTINGS WILL BE REASONABLE

GOVERNING CODES: ASCE 7-02

STRUCT. STEEL PER AISC & LRFD

FIRE REQUIREMENTS:

INTERNATIONAL BUILDING CODE - TYPE OF CONSTRUCTION IS I (NON-COMBUSTIBLE MATERIALS)

TABLE 503 - ALLOWABLE HEIGHT AND BUILDING AREAS - P.5.7
BUILDING UP TO 160 AND 11 STORIES - TYPE IB CONSTRUCTION
TABLE 601 FIRE RESISTANCE RATING REQUIREMENTS FOR BUILDING ELEMENTS (HRS)
USING TYPE IB - 2 HOUR FIRE RATING FOR STRUCTURAL FRAME INCLUDING GIRDERS IN FLOOR
REDUCED TO ONE HOUR FOR THE FLOOR

(PER ARCHITECT - BASED ON ZONE USE & OCCUPIED AREA)

STRUCT. FRAME - 2 HRS
FLOORS - 2 HRS
ROOF - 1 HR

ARCHITECTS' SCHEMATIC DRAWINGS SET DESIRED COLUMN ARRANGEMENT,

STORY HEIGHTS, NEED CHECKS (STRUCTURAL) ON:
FRAMING MATERIAL
TYPE OF VERTICAL & LATERAL RESISTING SYSTEM
SIZE OF COLUMNS & COLUMN BASE PLATES
DEPTH REQUIREMENTS FOR BEAMS, GIRDERS, & STRUCTURAL FLRS
PRELIMINARY BUDGET - STRUCTURAL FRAME

FLOOR VIBRATION:

A 3 thick slab of lightweight concrete on spans in the range of 30-36 feet is not expected
to exhibit floor vibrations severe enough to be considered objectionable. Furthermore, partitions
eliminate vibration problems since they introduce damping to the structural system.
a - NAMES SHOWN ARE FICTITIOUS ENTITIES
PROJECT: STEEL BUILDING DESIGN CASE STUDY
SUBJECT: ARRANGEMENT SHEET 4 of 131

ARRANGEMENT - BY ARCHITECT COORDINATING WITH DESIGN TEAM

FUNCTION: SPECULATIVE (RENTAL) OFFICE BUILDING

LEASABLE SPACE - 21,000 SQ FT.
ENTRANCE LOBBY: FRONT CENTER, ALLOWS LEASING FLEXIBILITY
EACH FLOOR TO 1, 2, OR 3 CLIENTS
PENTHOUSE: SINGLE BAY OVER ELEVATORS
(Hydraulic elevator, piston at ground and sheave beams at penthouse level)
FIRE EGRESS: SEPARATE SMOKE ENCLOSURE EXITS FRONT & REAR
LAYOUT: BUILDING FOOT PRINT:
BAY SIZES: 36' X 30' (RECOMMENDED BY STRUCT. ENGR. SHEET 5)
STORIES: 3
CEILING HEIGHT: 10'-9"
MECH PLENUM DEPTH: ~16"

FACADE: BRICK
WINDOWS: PUNCHED

ROOF: BUILT UP ASPHALT & GRAVEL

HEIGHT OF SECONDARY DRAINAGE SYSTEM - 2"

INTERIOR FINISHES: CEILING: SUSPENDED ACOUSTIC TILE

WALLS: GYPSUM BOARD, PARTITION ALLOWANCE IN LEASABLE SPACE
FLOORS: VINYL TILE / CARPET

ARCHITECTURAL DRAWINGS LIST:

A-1 - 1ST FLOOR PLAN
A-2 - 2ND AND 3RD FLOOR PLAN
A-3 - PENTHOUSE, ROOF PLAN
A-4 - WALL SECTIONS
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SUBJECT: BASIC FRAME SHEET 5 of 131
CHOICE OF FRAMING SYSTEM
SHORT DELIVERY SCHEDULE MEANS CONSTRUCTION TIME MUST BE
MINIMIZED, AVOID SHEAR WALLS

LOBBY LAYOUT ALLOWS BRACED FRAMES

BUILDING CLASSIFIED AS LOW-RISE (1-4 STORIES)

BRICK FACADE TO USE STEEL STUD BACKUP FOR LATERAL SUPPORT

PUNCHED WINDOWS ALLOW LOOSE LINTELS

LOW TOTAL BUILDING HEIGHT ALLOWS BRICK TO BEAR VERTICALLY ON BRICK

SHELF AT FOUNDATION WITHOUT RELIEVING ANGLES
THE BUILDING HEIGHT OF 39' IS ON THE UPPER END FOR THIS METHOD
OF BRICK SUPPORT. AT THE PENTHOUSE WHERE THE BRICK HEIGHT IS 52'
A SHELF ANGLE SHOULD BE ADDED TO LIMIT THE BRICK HEIGHT TO 39'.
THIS DETAIL HAS BEEN OMITTED HERE FOR SIMPLICITY. SEE THE AISC
PUBLICATION "DESIGNING WITH STRUCTURAL STEEL. A GUIDE FOR
ARCHITECTS" FOR INFORMATION ABOUT WALL DETAILS.

FRAME TO BE STRUCTURAL STEEL, CONCENTRICALLY BRACED,

SIMPLE CONNECTIONS
FRAMING PLAN:
BAY SIZES: 30 X 36, FOR INFORMATION ON PRELIMINARY FRAMING LAYOUT,
SEE ESSENTIALS OF STEEL DESIGN ECONOMY, LECTURE 2,
DECISION MAKING IN SYSTEM SELECTION LAYOUT, AISC, CHICAGO 1999
FRAMING DIRECTION: JOISTS SPANNING LONGER BAY DIRECTION
A BAY STUDY IS DONE ON SHEET 34 TO VERIFY JOISTS SPANNING
LONGER BAY DIRECTION IS MOST ECONOMICAL
FOR MANY POINTERS CONCERNING STEEL DESIGN ECONOMY, SEE MODERN
STEEL CONSTRUCTION, VOLUME 40, NO. 4, AISC, APRIL 2000
FILL BEAMS ARE USED INSTEAD OF JOISTS ON COLUMN LINES
(EASIER TO PLUMB FRAME)
COMPOSITE SECTIONS ARE NOT USED FOR PEDAGOGICAL PURPOSES

MATERIALS:
STRUCTURAL STEEL - A992
JOISTS- STEEL JOIST INSTITUTE: MAX ALLOWABLE TENSILE STRESS 30,000 PSI
CONNECTION MATERIAL - A36
BOLTS - 3/4" f A325 N
SITE:
SUBURBAN
RELATIVELY SMOOTH TYPOGRAPHY

DEFLECTION CRITERIA:
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SUBJECT: COLUMN DEAD LOAD TAKE OFF SHEET 6 of 131
LOAD TABLE - COLUMN DEAD LOAD (LB/FT2)

COLUMN DEAD LOAD UNDERNEATH TYPICAL FLOOR (LB/FT2) LOADS FROM

SLAB (4-3/4" Light WT. Concrete) 38 Slab
(Lightweight Concrete Density = 96 PCF) Mech./Elec./Piping
MECH./ELEC./PIPING 10 Ceiling System
(common practice = 10 psf) GO TO
CEILING SYSTEM (Table C3-1, ASCE 7-02) 5
(Acoustical fiber board & Mechnical Duct allowance)
JOISTS 3.5 Joists
(Assume 11 LB/L.F. @ 3' O.C.)
GIRDERS 2.5
(Assume 85 LB/L.F. @ 36' O.C.) Girders
COLUMNS (36'*30' = 1080 FT.2) 2
(Assume 150LB./L.F.* 13')/1080FT.2
COLUMN TOTAL DEAD LOAD - TYPICAL FLOOR (LB/FT2) = 61
Columns

COLUMN DEAD LOAD UNDERNEATH ROOF (LB/FT2) LOADS FROM

ROOF DECK (Table C3-1, ASCE 7-02) 3 Rigid Insulation
(Metal, 18 gage) Roof Deck
RIGID INSULATION (Table C3-1, ASCE 7-02) 3 Mech./Elec./Piping
(2" thick) Roofing (felt & gravel)
MECH./ELEC./PIPING & CEILING SYSTEM 10 GO TO
(Assume 10 psf)
ROOFING (Table C3-1, ASCE 7-02) 6
(Five-ply felt & gravel) Joists
JOISTS 3.5
(Assume 11 LB/L.F. @ 3' O.C.)
GIRDERS 2.5
(Assume 85 LB/L.F. @ 36' O.C.) Girders
COLUMNS (36'*30' = 1080 FT.2) 2
(Assume 150LB./L.F.* 13')/1080FT.2
COLUMN TOTAL DEAD LOAD - ROOF (LB/FT2) = 30 Columns

NOTES:
ENGINEERING JUDGMENT IS REQUIRED FOR LOAD DETERMINATION. FOR MINIMUM DESIGN DEAD LOADS AND
WEIGHTS OF BUILDING MATERIALS SEE ASCE 7-02 TABLE C3-1 & 2.
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PROJECT: STEEL BUILDING DESIGN CASE STUDY
SUBJECT: GRAVITY LOADS (LOAD TABLES) SHEET 7 of 131
TYPICAL FLOOR DEAD LOAD (LB/FT2) TO SLAB TO JOISTS TO GIRDERS TO COLUMNS
SLAB (4-3/4" Light WT. Concrete) 38 38 38 38
(Lightweight Concrete Density = 96 PCF)
MECH./ELEC./PIPING 10 10 10 10
(common practice = 10 psf)
CEILING SYSTEM (Table C3-1, ASCE 7-02) 5 5 5 5
(Acoustical fiber board & Mechnical Duct allowance)
JOISTS - 3.5 3.5 3.5
(Assume 11 LB/L.F. @ 3' O.C.)
GIRDERS - - 2.5 2.5
(Assume 85 LB/L.F. @ 36' O.C.)
COLUMNS (36'*30' = 1080 FT.2) - - - 2
(Assume 150LB./L.F.* 13')/1080FT.2
TOTAL FLOOR DEAD LOAD (LB/FT2) = 53 56.5 59 61
ROOF DEAD LOAD (LB/FT2) TO SLAB TO JOISTS TO GIRDERS TO COLUMNS
ROOF DECK (Table C3-1, ASCE 7-02) 3 3 3 3
(Metal, 18 gage)
RIGID INSULATION (Table C3-1, ASCE 7-02) 3 3 3 3
(2" thick)
MECH./ELEC./PIPING & CEILING SYSTEM 10 10 10 10
(Assume 10 psf)
ROOFING (Table C3-1, ASCE 7-02) 6 6 6 6
(Five-ply felt & gravel)
JOISTS - 3.5 3.5 3.5
(Assume 11 LB/L.F. @ 3' O.C.)
GIRDERS - - 2.5 2.5
(Assume 85 LB/L.F. @ 36' O.C.)
COLUMNS (36'*30' = 1080 FT.2) - - - 2
(Assume 150LB./L.F.* 13')/1080FT.2
TOTAL ROOF DEAD LOAD (LB/FT2) = 22 25.5 28 30
PENTHOUSE DEAD LOADS (EQUIPMENT) - 100 100 100
TYPICAL FLOOR LIVE LOAD 80 80 80 80
ROOF LIVE LOAD 20 20 20 20
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NOTES:
* ENGINEERING JUDGMENT IS REQUIRED FOR LOAD DETERMINATION. FOR MINIMUM DESIGN DEAD LOADS AND
WEIGHTS OF BUILDING MATERIALS SEE ASCE 7-02 TABLE C3-1 & 2.
ASCE 7-02CALLS FOR A 100 PSF LIVE LOAD ALLOWANCE ON FIRST FLOOR OFFICE BUILDING CORRIDORS.
HOWEVER, THIS WAS IGNORED SINCE THE FIRST FLOOR SLAB IS CONSTRUCTED ON GRADE.
ASCE 7-02 CALLS FOR A 100 PSF LIVE LOAD ALLOWANCE FOR STAIRS AND EXITWAYS.

* USE OF FLOOR SPACE IS ONE OF THE FOLLOWING:

OFFICE LOADING + PARTITION ALLOWANCE = 50 + 20 = 70 PSF
CORRIDOR LOADING = 80 PSF
USE THE MAXIMUM, 80 PSF, THROUGHOUT FOR LAYOUT FLEXIBILITY.

* ASCE 7-02 calls for a 20 psf roof live load

* EXTERIOR WALL SYSTEM LOAD = 15 PSF

(GRAVITY LOADS TO FOUNDATION, LATERAL LOAD TO EACH FLOOR LEVEL)
* CMU WALL SYSTEM AROUND STAIRWELL : 8" X 8" X 16" WITH 24" O.C. GROUT SPACING = 51 PSF
PROJECT: STEEL BUILDING DESIGN CASE STUDY
SUBJECT: DECK SELECTION SHEET 8 of 131
DECK SELECTION PER VULCRAFT STEEL ROOF AND FLOOR DECK MANUAL

ROOF DECK SELECTION

Fire rating: 1 HR (see sheet 3) Vulcraft page 18 "Roof Deck Fire Resistance Ratings"

Exposed grid acoustical tile ceilings, rigid roof insulation

Deck type B (wide rib), F (intermediate rib), and A (narrow rib)
All can satisfy 1 hr fire rating requirement.

Deck Type: B works well with thicker insulation required for project location.
Depth of 1 1/2", again most common, no special needs for wide spacing of roof
joists on this job.
Sheet metal thickness, use 20 gauge for nice constructability and working platform
and nice weldability.
Roof Decks According to Load Demand
Live Load = 20
Dead Load = 22
Total = 42
6'-0" spans (Assumption to be varified during roof joist selection, see sheet 16)
Use 3 Span

Vulcraft Page 4
-Max SDI construction span = length of span (unshored) for construction
-Run over 3 or more sets of joists - 3 span
Choose - B20, Max SDI Const. 3 Span = 7'-9", Allowable Total Load = 114 psf for 6'-0" spans

FLOOR DECK SELECTION

Fire Rating:
Since fire rating often controls minimum deck, select deck for fire rating then check for strength to meet load
demand. 2 Hr (see sheet 3) Vulcraft page 60-61 "Floor-Ceiling Assemblies with Composite Deck"
Unprotected deck (conservative assumption)
Light Weight concrete (LTWT CONC)
Need 3-1/4" LTWT Conc on 1-1/2" deck
Total slab depth = 4-3/4"

Deck Type
Use composite deck as common choice
Depth 1-1/2", again common
Sheet metal thickness, use 20 gauge for nice construction working platform and nice weldability

Floor Decks According to Load Demand

(psf)
Live Load = 80
Dead Load = 53
Total = 133

Use allowable stress design for deck

Slab dead weight = 37 psf Vulcraft page 43
SDI Max. Unshored Clear Span, 1 span = 5'-11", 3 span = 8'-0"
Choose 1.5 VL 20 with 6x6-W1.4 x 1.4 welded wire fabric
Allowable superimposed load = 400 psf for 5'-0" spans
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PROJECT: STEEL BUILDING DESIGN CASE STUDY
SUBJECT: LOAD TAKEOFF SHEET 9 of 131

RAIN LOADS (per ASCE 7-02)

Notation:
R - rain on the undeflected roof, in pounds per square inch
ds - depth of water on the undeflected roof up to the inlet of the secondary drainage system
dh - additional depth of water on the undeflected roof above the inlet of the secondary
drainage system at its design flow

ANALYSIS:

R = 5.2 * ( ds + dh )

ds = 2
dh = 0

R= 10.4 psf
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PROJECT: STEEL BUILDING DESIGN CASE STUDY
SUBJECT: LOAD TAKEOFF SHEET 10 of 131

WIND LOAD ANALYSIS (per ASCE 7-02), Method for Buildings of All Heights
Wind Loads acting on main structural lateral system
Notation:
qz = velocity pressure evaluated at height z above ground, in pounds per square foot
qh = velocity pressure evaluated at height z = h, in pounds per square foot
pz = pressure that varies with height in accordance with the velocity pressure q z evaluated
at height z
ph = pressure that is uniform with respect to height as determined by the velocity pressure q h
evaluated at mean roof height h
I = importance factor (see ASCE 7-02 table 6-1)
V = basic wind speed obtained from ASCE 7-02 Fig. 6-1, in miles per hour
Gf = gust effect factor for main wind force resisting systems of flexible buildings and other
structures
Cp = external pressure coefficient to be used in the determination of wind loads for buildings
(see ASCE 7-02 Figure 6-6)
Kz = velocity pressure exposure coefficient evaluated at height z (see ASCE 7-02 Table 6-3)
Kzt = topographic factor (in our case we will use 1.0 see ASCE 7-02 sec. 6.5.3 for further explanation)

Analysis:
pz = qz*Gf *Cp
qz = 0.00256*Kz*Kzt*V2*I (ASCE 7-98 Eq. 6-1)

story height (ft) Kz Kzt V (mph) I qz Gf Cp pz (psf)

windward
13 0.57 1 90 1 11.8 0.85 0.8 8.0
26 0.66 1 90 1 13.7 0.85 0.8 9.3
39 0.76 1 90 1 15.8 0.85 0.8 10.7
52 0.82 1 90 1 17.0 0.85 0.8 11.6
leeward
52 0.82 1 90 1 17.0 0.85 0.5 7.2
39 0.76 1 90 1 15.8 0.85 0.5 6.7

Note: For the leeward force calculations the penthouse was analyzed separately producing
two separate pressure values. For all wind forces, Pz is assumed constant from mid-story below
to mid-story above each floor (or roof) level. Wind load for first half story above grade assumed
to be transferred from the exterior wall cladding system directly to foundation.

windward forces leeward forces

11.6 52' 7.2

10.7 39'

9.3 26' 6.7

8.0 13'
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PROJECT: STEEL BUILDING DESIGN CASE STUDY
SUBJECT: LOAD TAKEOFF SHEET 11 of 131

SNOW LOADS (per ANSI/ASCE 7-02)

Notation:
Ce = exposure factor as determined from ASCE 7-02 Table 7-2
Cs = slope factor as determined from ASCE 7-02 Fig. 7-2
Ct = thermal factor as determined from ASCE 7-02 Table 7-3
hb = height of balanced snow load determined by dividing p s by g
hc = clear height from top of balanced snow load to (1) closest point on adjacent upper roof;
(2) top of parapet; or (3) top of a projection on the roof, in feet
hd = height of snow drift, in feet
I = importance factor as determined from ASCE 7-02 Table 7-4;
lu = length of the roof upwind of the drift, in feet
pd = maximum intensity of drift surcharge load, in pounds per square foot
pf = snow load on flat roofs ("flat" = roof slope less than or equal to 5 degrees), in pounds per
square foot
pg = ground snow loads determined from ASCE 7-02 Fig 7-1 and/or ASCE 7-02 Table 7-1; or a
site specific analysis, in pounds per square foot
ps = sloped roof snow load in pounds per square foot
w = width of snow drift, in feet
g = snow density in pounds per cubic foot as determined from ASCE 7-02 Eq. 7-4

ANALYSIS:

We have a class II, exposure B situation (see ASCE 7-02 Tables 1-1 and ASCE 7-02 Section 6.5.3 for clarification)

ps = Cs*Pf (in our case Cs = 1.0 because our roof can be considered "flat")
pf = 0.7*Ce*Ct*I*Pg
Cs = 1
Ce = 0.9
Ct = 1
I= 1
pg = 20
pf = 12.6 But since this cannot be less than I * p g our pf value becomes
I * pg = 20 (see ASCE 7-02 7.3.4 for clarification)
ps = 20 psf

In our case a 5 psf rain on snow surcharge load must be applied (see ASCE 7-02 Section 7.10)
therefore,

pS = 20 + 5 = 25 psf
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PROJECT: STEEL BUILDING DESIGN CASE STUDY
SUBJECT: LOAD TAKEOFF SHEET 12 of 131

SNOW LOADS (cont.)

Snow drift calculations

hb = height of balanced snow load determined by dividing p s by g

hc = clear height from top of balanced snow load to (1) closest point on adjacent upper roof;
(2) top of parapet; or (3) top of a projection on the roof, in feet
hd = height of snow drift, in feet
w = width of snow drift, in feet
g = snow density in pounds per cubic foot as determined from ASCE 7-02 Eq. 7-4
lu = length of the roof upwind of the drift, in feet

g = 0.13 * pg + 14 (but can not be more than 30 lb/cu ft)

pg = 20
g= 16.6 lb/cu ft

hb = ps / g
ps = 25 psf
hb = 1.51 ft
hc = 13 ft
hc / hb = 8.6
***since hc / hb > 0.2 we must consider snow drift see ASCE 7-02 Section 7.7 for further explanation

for leeward snow drifts:

hd = 1.5 ft (this value is found from ASCE 7-02 Fig. 7-9 based on p 8' and lu)
maximum intensity of snow drift for leeward = h d*g = 24.9 psf

for windward snow drifts:

hd = 1.875 ft
maximum intensity of snow drift for windward = h d*g = 31.1 psf

Windward Controls maximum intensity of snow drift = 31.125 psf

since hd < hc drift width, w, = 4*hd
w (ft) = 7.5
upper roof 36 ft

w = 7.5 ft

hc = 13ft
hd = 1.875 ft pg = 20 psf
hb = 1.51 ft
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