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Inside: AC-DC & DC-DC Circuits (http://www.next.gr/power-supplies/ac-dc-dc-dc/) / Power Supply Circuits (http://www.next.gr/power-
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At the left side (input AC) goes the secondary of a 220 volt (primary) 18 Volt (secondary) / 3 Ampere mains transformer.
The alternating voltage of 18 volts from its secondary transformer is rectified by the diodes D1, D2, D3 and D4, which are
connected to a bridge arrangement and make a double rectifier. The pulse from the bridge exit is applied to the ends of
the R1-C1 net and filtered. The circuit around the integrated U1 produces the necessary reference voltage for the stable
operation of the circuit. The Zener D8 diode operates at the minimum current for zero thermal coecient to ensure stable
operation of the power supply. The resistors R5 and R6 regulate the output of the reference generator.
When the power supply is in operation and a load is connected to its output, then all output current passes through resistor R7. At this
point, the reversible input (-) of U3 has a potential of 0 and is polarized by the resistor R21 while the non-inverting (+) input of U3 is
polarized by a small voltage ranging from 0 - 2 volts depending on the position of the rotor Potentiometer P2. Suppose the voltage at this
point of the circuit is 1 volt and the output voltage is set to a few volts. If the load increases then the voltage at the ends of R7 will
increase, so U3 will be activated, and it will lead U2 through the D9 passage, and consequently the U2 is controlled by a voltage value
and above.
From this moment, the output current limiting circuit acts, since U3 controls the operation of U2 so that the voltage drop across the
edges of R7 is constant. C8 capacitor provides the U3 reconnection loop required stability.
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As long as the power supply works and provides constant voltage, LED D12 is o. While the current exceeds the preset by P2 value, the
LED lights up and the power supply from a constant voltage source is a constant current source and at the same time the output voltage
is changed so as to keep the current constant for that load.
R19, R20 defines the necessary operating conditions of Q3 that detects when the current limiting current circuit starts and operates at
that moment and LED D12 lights up via the R22 that defines the operating current of the LEDs. However, the current limitation is made by
the R7 that serves as a transducer, and the current value of the limit circuit is set by the potentiometer P2. Thus, depending on the
position of the potentiometer P2, a dierent voltage occurs at each end of the R7, and is divided by the internal reference voltage of the
integrated circuit U1.
From the junction of D2, D4, through R2 and the D5, D6, C2, C3, R3, produces a negative voltage necessary for the operation of U2, U3
so that they can go down to 0 volts. D7 diode stabilizes The negative voltage caused to terminals 4 of U2 and U3.
Resistor R4 ensures polarity at U1 and capacitors C4 and C5 release the circuit from high frequencies that could cause instability in the
integrated circuits.
Transistor Q1 protects the power supply from the negative voltage drop caused when the power supply ON-OFF switch is closed,
keeping the output of U2 low.
Resistor R14 cuts o the transistor when the power supply is working normally, and in this simple way the power supply is very useful for
experimentation because it drastically cuts the output voltage without having to wait until the capacitor unloads, thus losing plenty of
time.
Finally, via R15 the voltage is fed to the transistors Q2 and Q4 which provide the required power of 0.5 A. The resistor R16 finally
polarizes the transistors Q2 and Q4, which are in DARLINGTON.
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Components List
Resistors Capacitors Transistors
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New Circuits
Construction of 50Watt 8 two-way Hi-Fi Speakers GSM modem circuit with Wavecom WMOi3 1W UHF Linear Amplifier with BLW33
(http://www.next.gr/audio/Construction-of-50Watt- (http://www.next.gr/computer/modem-circuits/GSM- (http://www.next.gr/rf/amplifiers/1W-UHF-Linear-
8-two-way-Hi-Fi-Speakers-l60688.html) modem-circuit-with-Wavecom-WMOi3-l60687.html) Amplifier-with-BLW33-l60686.html)
(uploads/76-a41538f88b.png) (uploads/38-c1b723bfd9.png)
This circuit consists of a 2048 radio remote control At the left side (input AC) goes the secondary of a (uploads/60-6bc418a0.png)
transmitter and the corresponding wireless receiver 220 volt (primary) 18 Volt (secondary) / 3 Ampere
This circuit is a metal detector capable of detecting
with very high reception sensitivity and low mains transformer. The alternating voltage of 18 volts
large metallic objects. at a depth of 2m to 3m. It
consumption. The combination of the two above from its secondary transformer is rectified by the
depends on the size of the object, and often on the
gives a high-reliability remote control, ideal for diodes D1, D2, D3 and D4, which are connected to a
type of soil. Construction is very easy to implement
security systems, alarms, automation, etc. At home, bridge arrangement and make a double rectifier. The
even for a beginner. The necessary components are
in the car and elsewhere. Using the wireless... pulse from the bridge exit is...
easy to find everywhere. This detector has the ability
(http://www.next.gr/automations/remote- (http://www.next.gr/power-supplies/ac-dc-dc- to detect a gold coin of 20mm...
New Tutorials
control/RF-Remote-Control-Switch-Rx-Tx-
circuits-l60682.html) .
dc/0-30V-Lab-Variable-Power-Supply-
l60681.html) .
(http://www.next.gr/sens-detectors/metal-
detector-circuits/Ultra-High-Sensitivity-Metal-
Detector-Circuit-l60680.html) .
Capacitors Tutorial Arduino Tutorial Digital Memories (http://www.next.gr/tutorials/Digital-
(http://www.next.gr/tutorials/Capacitors-Tutorial.php) (http://www.next.gr/tutorials/Arduino-Tutorial.php) Memories-Tutorial.php)
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