ISSN 2348-5426 International Journal of Advances in Science and Technology (IJAST)

Vol 2 Issue 2 (June 2014)

Using MD5 AND RSA Algorithm Improve

Security in MANETs Systems
1
Karamjeet Singh, 2Chakshu Goel
1
M-Tech Scholar, S.B.S State Technical Campus, Ferozepur, Punjab
2
Asst. Professor, S.B.S State technical Campus Ferozepur,Punjab
1
singhkaramjeet42@gmail.com, 2chakshu77@yahoo.com

Abstract:- In this paper explain ad hoc and
security mechanism.ad hoc network is a
collection of various mobile nodes that
dynamically form a network and are used for
communicating with each other without the
any network infrastructure or any centralized
node. The main focus of this work is to secure
the data transmission in mobile ad hoc
network and this is possible by using hybrid
approach. This hybrid approach is a
combination of MD5 & RSA encryption
algorithms which helps to protect data from
the various attacks in the MANETs network. In
this work, a 16-bit key is used which made it
more secure. No one can decrypt the
encrypted data without this 16-bit key.
Keyword:- Ad-Hoc network, MANETs, decrypt
II. Mobile Ad Hoc Network
An ad-hoc network is a collection of various
wireless mobile hosts Mobile Ad-hoc
networks are self-configuring as well as self-
organizing multi-hop wireless networks.
Nodes communicating to physical media; they
transmit and get signals [7]. If the destination
node is not inside range of the source node,
the source node help to intermediate nodes in
order to communicate with the other node.
Fig1 represent the Mobile ad-hoc network.
The node transmit a message to another node
that is out of range, the cooperation of other
nodes in the network is required; it is
represented by multi-hop communication.
Therefore, each node at the same time must
act both as a host as well as router.

I. Introduction:

In recent years, much interest has been

involved in the design of Mobile Ad-hoc
Network (MANET) technologies. Mobile ad-
hoc networks are characterized by their self-
configuration, open peer-to-peer network
architecture. Existing security solutions for
wired or wireless networks with infrastructure
cannot be directly applied to MANETs. Due to
different factors like including absence of
already established trust

Fig. 1 Mobile Ad hoc Network

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Mobile Ad-Hoc Networks (MANETs) are
used to communication infrastructure in the
Department of Defenses vision Network
Centric Warfare [1]. Global Information Grid
(GIG), and MANETs can serve in Warfighter
Information Network-Tactical (Win-T) to give
command, communications, intelligence and
reconnaissance (C4ISR) support [2].
Mobile Ad-Hoc Network is an autonomous
system, where nodes are connected with each
other with wireless links [7]. There is no
restriction on the nodes to join or leave the
network, so the nodes join or leave freely.
Mobile Ad-Hoc network topology changes
rapidly because the nodes move freely. This
property of the nodes makes the mobile Ad-
Hoc networks unpredictable from the point
of view of scalability and topology.
Fig. 2 Mobile Ad hoc Network
The communication in mobile ad hoc
networks comprises two phases, the route
discovery and the data transmission. Route
discovery discover the routes and data
transmission used for transmit the data to
different nodes.
III. MANETs have several salient
characteristics:
1) Dynamic topologies: Nodes are freely to
move;thus, the network topology--which is
multihop--may change randomly without any
times, it may consist of both bidirectional and
unidirectional links [8].
2) Energy-constrained operation: Some or all
of the nodes in a MANET may rely their
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International Journal of Advances in Science and Technology (IJAST)
Vol 2 Issue 2 (June 2014)
energy. For these nodes, the very important for
optimization may be energy conservation.
3) Limited physical security: Mobile wireless
networks are generally prone to physical
security threats. The increased possibility
attacks should be carefully considered secure
communication [3], an important effect of any
networking environment, is an important
significant challenge in ad hoc networks. The
communication in mobile ad hoc networks
divide into two phases, first is route discovery
and second is data transmission. And both
Phases are vulnerable to a variety of attacks,
Key management [4] is a important part of any
secure communication structure. Most secure
communication protocols rely on a secure and
efficient key management system.
IV. Various Types of Mobile Ad hoc
Network
1. Vehicular Ad-Hoc Networks
(VANETs)
2. Intelligent Vehicular Ad-Hoc
Networks (In VANETs)
3. Internet Based Mobile Ad-Hoc
Networks (I MANETs)
Vehicular Ad-Hoc Networks
(VANETs)
VANET is a type of Mobile Ad-Hoc network
where vehicles are equipped with wireless..
Intelligent Vehicular Ad-Hoc Networks
(InVANETs)
Vehicles that form Mobile Ad-Hoc Network
for communication using WiMax IEEE802.16
and WiFi802.11. The aim of VANET avoid
vehicle collision so as to keep passengers as
safe.
Internet Based Mobile Ad-Hoc Networks
(iMANETs)
These are used for linking up the mobile
nodes and fixed internet gateways. In these
networks the various routing algorithms does
not apply[2].
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Related Work:-
1) DES
2) PGP
V. Introduction DES
DES developed by IBM company. The US
National Security Agency (NSA) create several
modifications, after which it was developed as
Federal Information Processing Standard (FIPS)
standard 46-3 and ANSI standard X3.92.
Working DES:-Encryption message takes
place in 16 stages. With the help of input key,
sixteen 48 bit keys are created, one for every
round. In case of every round, these round
called S-boxes are used in DES. These S-
boxes are fixed in the specification of the
standard [9]. Recently it has been discovered
that these S-boxes, against an attack called
differential cryptanalysis. The message is
divided into two parts. The right half is
expanded from 32 to 48 bits using table. The
result is added with the sub key for that round
using the XOR operation [6]. Using the boxes
the 48 resulting bits are then change again to
32 bits, the shuffled right half is now
combined with the left half used by the XOR
operation. In the further round, this
combination is used as the new left half.
Fig. 3 Processing of bits.
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50
International Journal of Advances in Science and Technology (IJAST)
Vol 2 Issue 2 (June 2014)
The figure should make this process a bit more
clear
PGP:-PGP algorithm the key pair is generated.
One key of the pair is the Private key which
should always be kept safe and never given to
anyone. The other key is the public key which
should be given to as many people as possible.
VI. Some Important PGP terms
1) Key:-PGP key is a key pair, private key
and a public key. The term PGP key
refers to the public key.
2) UID (User Identity):- it is defined by the
public key it is big number
3) Signature:- the term signature refers to
something youve used for the privacy.
[10].
4) Certificate:- certificate are used for the
authentication or signed by the sender.
And verified by the receiver.
The solution includes PGP & DES to represent
the cipher encoded text of the original data.
One key is used to protect data. key is of 16-
bit key. When user want to check the data then
there is a need of one key & other is cipher
encoded text which encrypted with the PGP
Encryption & DES Encryption. Both work
simultaneously. Figure 4.1 shows the key &
cipher encoded text generated by PGP & DES
Encryption.
Fig. 4 Encryption using PGP & DES
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After encryption the data will be secured for
future & cant be accessed by everyone.
because this key is not known and cipher
encoded text cant be understand by anyone.
This data can only be accessed or seeing by
decryption of the data using key & cipher
encoded text shown in figure 4.2.
Fig. 5Decryption using PGP & DES
VII. Proposed work:-
In this paper two algorithm are combined MD5
and iterative RSA algorithm.
Working of MD5:- It is used to digital
signature mechanism. MD5 is an algorithm
used for verify data integrity with the help
128-bit message digest from data input and
specific data as a fingerprint is to the specific
individual. MD5, which was created by
Professor Ronald L. Rivest of MIT, is
intended for use with digital signature
applications. MD5 is currently a standard,
Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF)
Request for Comments (RFC) 1321. According
to the standard, it is "computationally
infeasible" that any two messages that have
been input to the MD5 algorithm could have
as the output the same message digest, or that
a false message could be created through
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International Journal of Advances in Science and Technology (IJAST)
Vol 2 Issue 2 (June 2014)
apprehension of the message digest. MD5 is
the third message digest algorithm created by
Rivest. The MD5 algorithm is an extension of
MD4, which the critical review found to be
fast, but possibly not absolutely secure. In
comparison, MD5 is not quite as fast as the
MD4 algorithm, but offers much more
assurance of data security.
Introduction of RSA:- RSA used for
encryption and authentication. The RSA
algorithm is the mainly used in encryption and
authentication algorithm it is part of the Web
browsers from Microsoft and Netscape. The
encryption system is based by RSA Security.
VIII. FLOW CHART:-
Fig. 6 Combination of MD5 and RSA.
Flow chart 1 explains the input as a MD5 and
iterative RSA to the data. Both algorithms
generate secure data. Secure data is divided
into the encrypted data and the and create the
output data. Output data is divided into the
decryptography and generate the original
data.
ISSN 2348-5426 International Journal of Advances in Science and Technology (IJAST)
Vol 2 Issue 2 (June 2014)

IX. Result:-

Fig. 7 Range of Cluster

Fig. 10 Cluster

Fig. 8 Variation of ranges in different

cluster.

Fig. 11 Cluster

Fig. 9 Range of different cluster.

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ISSN 2348-5426 International Journal of Advances in Science and Technology (IJAST)
Vol 2 Issue 2 (June 2014)

X. Conclusion

Various Securities in Mobile Ad-Hoc

Network is the important concern for the
basic functionality of network. MANETs
often suffer from various security attacks
because of its features like open medium,
topology dynamically, and management,
cooperative.
This study has considered the hybrid system
using MD5 & RSA encryption algorithm as a
means of data security according to attacks.
Any method seeking to statistically very
improve data availability with the use of
multiple node-disjoint paths must consider the
actual physical proximity of data
transmissions on various paths. In this method
the MD5 & RSA are combined, to improve the
Fig. 12 Cluster security of such network. This secures the data
as well as preserves the confidentiality and
secure.

XI. Future Work

In future, we will implement a hybrid

algorithm to enhance the security in mobile ad
hoc network. This hybrid algorithm consisting
of Message Digest 5 & Iterative RSA
algorithms and we expect the results of
security enhancement to be far better.

Reference:-
[1] Network Centric Warfare, Department of
Defense, Washington, DC, Jul. 2001, report to
Congress.
[2] Global Information Grid Architectural
Vision, Department of Defense, Washington,
DC, Jun. 2007.
[3] Renu Dalal, Yudhvir Singh and Manju
Fig. 13 Cluster Khar, A Review on Key Management
Schemes in MANET International Journal of
Figure 10, 11, 12 and 13 shows the various Distributed and Parallel Systems (IJDPS)
scenario of MANET with nodes cluster and Vol.3, No.4, July 2012.
its working. [4] Panagiotis Papadimitratos ,Zygmunt J.
Haas., Secure message transmission in
mobile ad hoc networks.
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ISSN 2348-5426 International Journal of Advances in Science and Technology (IJAST)
Vol 2 Issue 2 (June 2014)

[5] Jorg Liebeherr and Guangyu Dong, An

Overlay Approach to Data Security in Ad-Hoc
Networks
[6] Danai Chasaki, Y. Sinan Hanay and
Tilman Wolf, Topology Reconstruction via
Path Recording in Secure MANET 978-1-
4244-2677-5/08/$25.00 _c 2008 IEEE.
[7] Panagiotis Papadimitratos and Zygmunt J.
Haas, Secure Data Transmission in Mobile
Ad Hoc Networks ACM Workshop on
Wireless Security (WiSe 2003), San Diego,
CA, September 19, 2003.
[8] Abderrezak Rachedi and Abderrahim
Benslimane, A Secure Architecture for
Mobile Ad Hoc Networks International
Conference on Mobile Ad-hoc and Sensor
Networks (MSN'2006), Hong Kong : China
(2006) DOI : 10.1007/11943952_36.
[9] VLADIMIR BERMAN, Enhancing Data
Security in Mobile Ad Hoc Networks via
Multipath Routing and Directional
Transmission.
[10] Panagiotis Papadimitratos and Zygmunt
J. Haas, Secure Data Communication in
Mobile Ad Hoc Networks IEEE Journal On
Selected Areas In Communications, Vol. 24,
No. 2, February 2006.

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