MA3

Case Study on the

Variable Weight

Group 7 ( II 12B )
Red Anthony Nerveza
Vida Padua
Kaye Palacios
Grace Pido
Christine Jane B. Ramos

Dr. Filemon C. Aguilar Memorial
College of Las Pias
Mrs. Marcelina S. Estor
Case Study on the Variable Weight

SAMPLING

Provided six groups of student information sheets with varying numbers of 66 (Group A), 50 (Group B), 48
(Group C), 39 (Group D), 40 (Group E), 19 (Group F) into a total of 262 population of students. We agreed on a margin

of error of 5%, using the formula = , we have to get 158 sample units from the population.
1+ 2

SOURCE OF DATA

From the sources of data, which are the student information sheets, we chose to create a case study on the weights
of students in kilograms stated by the students in their information sheets.

Weight is classified as a numerical or quantitative variable that can be counted or measured and as a continuous
variable since it can theoretically assume an infinite number of values written within a given range.

The objective is to perform a descriptive study of the weights of students in kilograms by getting its measures of
central tendency, measures of location and position through quartiles, deciles and percentiles, measures of variability
and present data using textual, tabular and graphical methods.

POPULATION - SAMPLE

From the population of 262 students, 158 sample units was calculated using the formula = 1+ 2
, with 5%

as the margin of error as illustrated below:

262
= = = 158 sample units
1+ 2 1+(262)(0.052)
Case Study on the Variable Weight

SAMPLING TECHNIQUE USED

The sampling technique we used is stratified random sampling which is a probability sampling technique.
Through this technique we have to pick 40 sample units from group A, 30 sample units from group B, 29 sample units
from group C, 24 sample units each from group D and E, and 11 sample units from group F.

Number of n (no. of students/ Sample units

Group
Students population) for each group
A 66 158 (66/262) = 40
B 50 158 (50/262) = 30
C 48 158 (48/262) = 29
D 39 158 (66/262) = 24
E 40 158 (66/262) = 24
F 19 158 (66/262) = 11
Total 262 158

RAW DATA

To present the data gathered from 158 student information sheets, the data was tallied as illustrated below:

WEIGHT in Frequency 58 6 45 11

kilograms (Tally) 57 22 44 2

85 1 56 8 43 2

83 1 55 8 42 5

80 1 54 2 40 18

75 1 53 5 39 6

70 3 52 10 38 3

65 1 50 15 37 3

62 1 49 2 36 1

61 2 48 16 31 1

60 8 47 4 30 4

59 2 46 3
 Case Study on the Variable Weight

PRESENTATION OF DATA GROUPED DATA

After gathering all the needed data, the next task is to organize and present them with the use of appropriate tables
and graphs. In order to present the data concisely, we grouped the data or the weights of students into 8 classes then
creating a frequency distribution.

To get number of classes, we used the Sturges formula, K = 1+3.3 log n.

K = 1 + 3.3 log 158 = 8.255568387 8 classes

To get the range, we get the difference between the highest value and lowest value.

R = HV LV = 85 30 = 55

Then, to get the class interval:

55
= = = 6.875
8

We got the class marks or midpoints (x) as illustrated below:

+ 30+36
= = = 33
2 2
(then consecutively adding the class interval 7)
Other elements in the frequency distribution table on the following page was calculated using formulas as
illustrated below:

=
() by assigning
=
<cf ( greater than cumulative frequency)
>cf ( less than cumulative frequency )

RF% (Relative Frequency) = x 100

<RCF (greater than relative cumulative frequency)

>RCF (less than relative cumulative frequency)
 Case Study on the Variable Weight

Frequency Distribution Table

Weights of Students in Kilograms

Lower
Boundary - Frequency Midpoint
Class Weights fx d fd <cf >cf Rf% <RCF >RCF
Upper (f) (x)
Boundary

1) 30 - 36 29.5 - 36.5 6 33 198 -2 -12 6 158 4% 4% 100%

2) 37 - 43 36.5 -43.5 37 40 1480 -1 -37 43 152 23% 27% 96%

3) 44 - 50 43.5 - 50.5 53 47 2491 0 0 96 115 33% 60% 73%

4) 51 - 57 50.5 - 57.5 35 54 1890 1 35 131 62 22% 82% 40%

5) 58 - 64 57.5 - 64.5 19 61 1159 2 38 150 27 12% 94% 18%

6) 65 - 71 64.5 - 71.5 4 68 272 3 12 154 8 3% 97% 6%

7) 72 - 78 71.5 - 78.5 1 75 75 4 4 155 4 1% 98% 3%

8) 79 - 85 78.5 - 85.5 3 82 246 5 15 158 1 2% 100% 2%

n = f =
fx=7811 fd=155
158
Case Study on the Variable Weight

Using the frequency distribution table, data can be presented using histogram, frequency polygon, and
cumulative frequency graphs ( more than and less than ogive).

Between 29.5 and 36.5 there is a frequency of 6, between 36.5 and 43.5 there is a frequency of 37, between
43.5 and 50.5 there us a frequency of 53, between 50.5 and 57.5 there is a frequency of 35, between 57.5 and
64.5 there is a frequency of 19, between 64.5 and 71.5 there is a frequency of 4, between 71.5 and 78.5 there is
a frequency of 1, and between 78.5 and 88.5 there is frequency of 3.
Case Study on the Variable Weight

Frequency Polygon
Weights of Students
60
53

50

40 37
35
FREQUENCY

30

19
20

10 6
4 3
0 1 0
0
26 33 40 47 54 61 68 75 82 89
KILOGRAMS
CLASS MARK

The frequency polygon states that:

The class with midpoint 33 has a frequency of 6.
The class with midpoint 40 has a frequency of 37.
The class with midpoint 47 has a frequency of 53.
The class with midpoint 54 has a frequency of 35.
The class with midpoint 61 has a frequency of 19.
The class with midpoint 68 has a frequency of 4.
The class with midpoint 75 has a frequency of 1.
The class with midpoint 82 has a frequency of 3.
Case Study on the Variable Weight

Less than Ogive

Weights of Students in Kilograms

180

158 100%
160 154 155
150 98%
97%
94%

< RELATIVE CUMULATIVE FREQUENCY

140 131
82%
< CUMULATIVE FREQUENCY

120

96
100 60%

80

60
43
27%
40

20
6
0 4%
0
22.5 29.5 36.5 43.5 50.5 57.5 64.5 71.5 78.5 85.5
WEIGHT IN KILOGRAMS
CLASS BOUNDARIES
The less than ogive states that:
100% of the weight of students lies below 78.5 kgs
98% of the weight of students lies below 71.5 kgs ; 2% of the weight of students lies above 71.5 kgs
97% of the weight of students lies below 64.5 kgs ; 3% of the weight of students lies above 64.5 kgs
94% of the weight of students lies below 57.5 kgs ; 7% of the weight of students lies above 57.5 kgs
82% of the weight of students lies below 50.5 kgs ; 18% of the weight of students lies above 50.5kgs
60% of the weight of students lies below 43.5 kgs ; 40% of the weight of students lies above 43.5kgs
27% of the weight of students lies below 36.5 kgs ; 73% of the weight of students lies above 50.5kgs
4% of the weight of students lies below 29.5 kgs ; 96% of the weight of students lies above 29.5kgs
Case Study on the Variable Weight

More than Ogive

Weights of Students in Kilograms

180

158
160 152 100%
96%

> RELATIVE CUMULATIVE FREQUENCY

140
> CUMULATIVE FREQUENCY

120 115
73%

100

80
62
60 40%

40
27
18%
20
8
4 6%
1
3%
0 2%
22.5 29.5 36.5 43.5 50.5 57.5 64.5 71.5 78.5 85.5
WEIGHT IN KILOGRAMS
CLASS BOUNDARIES
The less than ogive states that:
100% of the weight of students lies above 29.5 kgs
96% of the weight of students lies above 36.5 kgs ; 4% of the weight of students lies below 36.5 kgs
73% of the weight of students lies above 43.5 kgs ; 28% of the weight of students lies below 43.5 kgs
40% of the weight of students lies above 50.5 kgs ; 60% of the weight of students lies below 50.5 kgs
18% of the weight of students lies above 57.5 kgs ; 82% of the weight of students lies below 57.5kgs
6% of the weight of students lies above 64.5 kgs ; 94% of the weight of students lies below 64.5kgs
3% of the weight of students lies above 71.5 kgs ; 97% of the weight of students lies below 71.5kgs
2% of the weight of students lies above 78.5 kgs ; 98% of the weight of students lies below 78.5kgs
Case Study on the Variable Weight

MEASURES OF CENTRAL TENDENCY

Using the data from the frequency distribution table, we must be able to describe them in terms of a single value
once data have been presented in tables and graphs. This value which provides a summary of the characteristics of a
given set of data is called a measure of central tendency. Illustrated below are the common used measures of central
tendency which are the mean, median and mode of the variable weights of students.

Mean

7811
= = = 49.43670886 49.44 kilograms
158

55
= + [ ] = 47 + 7 [ ] = 49.43670886 49.44 kilograms
158

Explanation: The average weights of all students is 49.44 kilograms.

Median

158
< 43
2 2
= + [ ] = 43.5 + 7 [ ] = 48.25471698 48.25 kilograms
53

Explanation: The value of the middle observation in the ordered distribution of weights is 48.25
kilograms.

Mode

1 16
= + [ ] = 43.5 + 7 [ ] = 46.79411765 47.79 kilograms
1 + 2 16+ 18

Explanation: Most of students have the weight of 47.79 kilograms.

Case Study on the Variable Weight

MEASURES OF LOCATION / POSITION

Measures of position are techniques that divide a set of data into equal groups.

Quartile

1 () 1(158)
<1 6
= 1 + [ 4
1
] = 36.5 + 7 [ 4
37
] = 42.83783784 42.84

25% of the students have weights that lies below 42.84 kilograms and 75% of the students have weights that
lies above 42.84 kilograms.

3 () 3(158)
<3 96
4 4
= 3 + [ ] = 50.5 + 7 [ ] = 55
3 35

75% of the students have weights that lies below 55 kilograms and 25% of the students have weights that lies
above 55 kilograms.

Decile
4 () 4(158)
<4 43
= 4 + [ 10
4
] = 43.5 + 7 [ 10
53
] = 46.16792453 46.17

40% of the students have weights that lies below 46.17 kilograms and 60% of the students have weights that
lies above 46.17 kilograms.

Percentile
75 () 75(158)
<75 96
100 100
= 75 + [ ] = 50.5 + 7 [ ] = 55
75 35

75% of the students have weights that lies below 55 kilograms and 25% of the students have weights that lies
above 55 kilograms.
Case Study on the Variable Weight

MEASURES OF VARIATION

Measure of variation is a measure that describes how spread out or scattered a set of data. It is also known as
measures of dispersion or measures of spread. In this case, we have to describe the degree of spread or dispersion of
data of the weights of students.

Weights of Students in Kilograms

Lower
Midp
Boundary - Freque
Class Weights
Upper ncy (f)
oint fx | x - | f 2 f | x - | f | x - | <cf
(x)
Boundary

1) 30 - 36 29.5 - 36.5 6 33 198 49.44 16.44 39204 98.64 1621.64 6

2) 37 - 43 36.5 -43.5 37 40 1480 49.44 9.44 2190400 349.28 220.28 43

3) 44 - 50 43.5 - 50.5 53 47 2491 49.44 2.44 6205081 129.32 315.54 96

4) 51 - 57 50.5 - 57.5 35 54 1890 49.44 4.56 3572100 159.6 727.78 131

5) 58 - 64 57.5 - 64.5 19 61 1159 49.44 11.56 1343281 219.64 2539.04 150

6) 65 - 71 64.5 - 71.5 4 68 272 49.44 18.56 73984 74.24 1377.89 154

7) 72 - 78 71.5 - 78.5 1 75 75 49.44 25.56 5625 25.56 653.31 155

8) 79 - 85 78.5 - 85.5 3 82 246 49.44 32.56 60516 97.68 3180.46 158

f 2
f |x | f |x |
n = f fx= =
49.44 = =
= 158 7811 13490191
1153.96 10635.94
Case Study on the Variable Weight

Range
R = Highest Upper Boundary Lowest Lower Boundary = 85.5 29.5 = 56
R = Highest midpoint Lowest midpoint = 82 33 = 49

Mean Absolute Deviation