Photos of Setup:

Laboratory Exercise No.4

TENSILE TEST OF REINFORCING BAR

FINAL DATA SHEET

Table 4.1 Sample Dimension

Sample ID Nominal Actual Actual Gage Brand

Diameter Diameter Length Length Name
(mm) (mm) (mm) (mm)

S3 16 15.075 500 314 Steel Asia

Table 4.2 Table of Collected Loads and Deformations

Sample ID: S3

Reading Load Deformation Strain Tensile

Numbers (kN) (mm) (%) Stress
(MPa)
1 0 0 0 0
2 8.68 3.066 0.98 48.63
3 12.986 4.88 1.55 72.75
4 16.57 5.61 1.79 92.83
5 26.98 7.25 2.31 151.16
6 33.44 7.97 2.54 187.35
7 40.62 9.06 2.89 227.58
8 45.64 9.43 3.003 255.7
9 52.82 10.15 3.23 295.93
10 59.99 10.7 3.41 336.1
11 67.17 11.43 3.64 376.32
12 70.398 11.61 3.7 394.41
13 71.83 12.15 3.87 402.43
14 72.55 14.88 4.74 406.47
15 73.63 16.52 5.26 412.52
16 73.63 18.15 5.78 412.52
17 76.14 18.52 5.9 426.58
18 78.29 19.42 6.18 438.62
 19 82.598 21.79 6.94 462.76
20 85.47 24.695 7.86 478.85
21 90.85 29.78 9.48 508.99
22 95.16 33.78 10.76 533.14
23 98.75 36.87 11.74 553.25
24 101.98 42.5 13.54 571.35
25 105.2 50.5 16.08 589.39
26 106.28 54.5 17.36 595.44
27 107.36 58.14 18.52 601.49
28 107.72 61.96 19.73 603.51
29 108.43 67.41 21.47 607.49
30 108.79 73.04 23.26 609.5
31 108.79 77.4 24.65 609.5
32 108.79 81.22 25.87 609.5
33 106.64 83.58 26.62 597.46
34 101.98 85.22 27.14 571.35
35 98.387 85.4 27.2 551.22
36 94.08 85.77 27.32 527.088
37 86.55 86.13 27.43 484.9
38 78.65 86.49 27.54 440.64

Table 4.3 Table of Mechanical Properties of Steel

Sample ID Yield Ultimate Yield Ultimate Modulus

Load, Py Load, Pu Stress, Fy Stress, Fu of
(kN) (kN) (MPa) (MPa) Elasticity,
E (MPa)

S3 70.398 108.79 394.41 609.5 16812.727

 Figure 4.1 Stress Strain Diagram

Stress - Strain Diagram

700

600

500
Stress (MPa)

400

300
Fy Fu
200

100

0
0 5 10 15 20 25 30
Strain (%)
Abstract:

This laboratory exercise gives us understanding on how to examine the behavior of reinforcing
steel bar in tension until failure. The test consists of straining a test piece by tensile force generally
to fracture, for the purpose of determining one or more of the mechanical properties of steel such
as the proportional and elastic limits of the material, the yield stress, the ultimate stress, the
elongation, and the material stiffness or Youngs modulus of elasticity. The testing shall be carried
out by qualified persons. If computerized testing is used the program shall be well documented.

All group members were present and actively partook of the lab exercise which was conducted in
the Construction and Materials Testings Laboratory on 21st of July, 2017.

The laboratory exercise cant be conduct without the guidance of our instructor. He gave us the
instruction of what we will do for us to complete this laboratory exercise, the list of equipment,
and the procedures. We used the Universal Testing Machine or UTM which a device used to test
the tensile strength and compressive strength of materials. We also used the vernier caliper and
the circular saw for cutting the steel.

After the lecture and after we cut the steel, we started to do the laboratory exercise. We
measure the actual diameter of the steel by the use of vernier caliper, and the value is 15.075mm.
While we are doing the exercise, we take some pictures for our final report. And after that, we
already go to UTM to conduct the tensile test of steel. After we put the steel to the UTM, we
measure the gage length which have a value of 314 mm and then we started the test. The load was
applied continuously with constant test speed. We record a video and we also observe the reading
of the force and deformation in the computer. And the machine was stopped when the steel gets
broke. After the test, we get at least 30 points of interval to show the graph and the value of its
load and deformation happened. And then we started to compute for the Strain, the Tensile Stress,
and the Modulus of Elasticity.

For the summary of Mechanical Properties of Steel, we get 70.398 kN for Yield Load, 108.79 kN
for Ultimate Load, 394.41 MPa for Yield Stress, 609.5 MPa for Ultimate Stress, and our Modulus of
Elasticity is 16812.727 MPa.
Analysis and Interpretation of Data and Result:

Material strength testing, using the tensile test or tension test, involves applying an ever-
increasing load to a test sample up to the point of failure. The process creates a stress/strain curve
showing how the material reacts throughout the tensile test. The data generated during tensile
testing is used to determine mechanical properties of materials such as the proportional and elastic
limits of the material, the yield stress, the ultimate stress, the elongation, and the material stiffness
or Youngs modulus of elasticity.

The test sample is securely held by top and bottom grips attached to the tensile or universal
testing machine. During the tension test, the grips are moved apart at a constant rate to stretch the
specimen. The force on the specimen and its displacement is continuously monitored and plotted
on a stress-strain curve until failure. For lower grade bars that exhibit a distinct yield point, it is
possible to perform the entire test without the use of an extensometer. The yield point can be
determined from the stress-extension test curve by locating the first point at which stress drops
while extension continues to increase. On older testing systems, the yield point can be determined
manually from witnessing the momentary drop of the load pointer and calculating the stress from
this load value and the nominal cross sectional area of the bar.

Based on the result obtained, the load increased up to 108.79 kN which also the Ultimate Load
with a deformation of 81.22 mm. The Yield Load where the line gets curved is 70.398 kN with a
deformation of 11.61 mm. The Yield Stress is 394.41 MPa with a Strain of 3.7 %. And the Ultimate
Stress is 609.5 MPa with a Strain of 25.87 %. And the computed Modulus of Elasticity is 16812.727
MPa.

Conclusion:

Reinforcing steel bars play a key role as a construction material whose properties must be known
to the users before being applied for design or construction purposes. The results from the tensile
test are commonly used to select a material for an application, for quality control, and to predict
how a material will react under other types of forces. Because concrete has high compressive
strength but lower tensile strength, it is reinforced by embedding steel in it. Reinforcing steels are
mainly produced in diameters from approx. 5 mm to approx. 60 mm. The values recorded from the
test for each mechanical property required in the product standard shall be stated with the
relevant number of significant figures.