JOSE RIZAL MOVIE - 1998

19th Century - Spains empire crumbled

Chile, Peru, Cuba (colonies) - achieved their independence

Philippines - threat to Spain (another revolution)

Jose Rizal

- 35 years old

- greatest political enemy of Spain

- most effective in his campaign for freedom

Writer

Linguistic ability

Interest in sciences & arts

- Noli Me Tangere & El Filibusterismo

Indictments of Spanish Tyranny & of the Church

GHENT, BELGIUM (1981)

My country has a social cancer that should be exposed to all Filipinos.

And to this end, I intend to record your condition faithfully without prejudice.

I shall lift the shroud that covers the evil sacrificing everything to truth even sanity itself.

For as your son, I am conscious of my own defects and weaknesses.

The book contains certain revelations - so scandalous that no one dares to touch them.

I have attempted what others refused to undertake, tried to correct the slander which for centuries
has been attributed to our nation.

IN THE CHURCH

Desiring our common welfare and searching for the best cure, I will do what the ancients did with their
sick - lay them on the temple steps, so that anyone who comes to pray might offer them a remedy.

I have unmasked hypocrisy which under the guise of religion has impoverished and brutalized us.

I have distinguished true religion from false beliefs and those who exploit the Holy Word to make us
believe in lies, which put Catholicism to shame.

* Hypocrisy of friars - homily: never commit sin

* Friars treatment to women - used them as sex slaves

I have lifted the curtain to show the truth about our government.

* Maltreatment to Filipinos - whippings & punishments

I am disclosing to our fellowmen our defects, our vices, our culpable and cowardly indifference
resulting in our own misery.

* Collection of church offerings

In my novels, I tried to correct the harmful accusations against Filipinos.

* Blamed a young sacristan for stealing money from the Church - whipped

I brought out in the open the sad state of my country - all our grievances and frustrations.

Crisostomo Ibarra - In him I have set my eyes and my persona.

For this reason, we see as one.

He asked for reforms, but he failed.

And because of unexpected circumstances, he was forced to assume another identity.

* Simon met with Basilio

- had been away

- no idea what has been happening to the country: protests & revolts

- Oh, youth! Still dreaming until now. You ask Spain for equal rights, but what you gain are

chains. You aspire to be Spaniards, not realizing that youre killing your own identity.
What will become of your future? A nation without identity and freedom? All your traits
are borrowed, including your defects! You shall perish even before your death comes!

* Printing of Rizals 2nd novel

* Publisher - I think you wrote a novella with a very dangerous content

THE PHILIPPINES (1895)

* Filipinos have started to read Rizals novels

- Kabesang Tales

> first part of the novel: old woodcutter who lived in the thick of the forest

TH KATIPUNAN: SONS OF THE PEOPLE

* gathering of Katipuneros - Bonifacio presides

- greedy friars, corrupt officials - govern the land

 - how to appeal to Spain? Span is deaf & blind.

Wont her the cries

Wont see the sufferings

Send imbeciles & criminals to govern - treat Filipinos like beasts

- start of revolution

- Mabuhay ang Pilipinas! Mabuhay ang Katipunan! Mabuhay si Jose Rizal!

MALACANANG PALACE (1896)

* Blanco giving a briefing

- forces: advancing on the province of Bulacan & its outskirts

> aim: crush the rebellion

* full-scale rebellion

* must eliminate Rizal while there is still time

- no sufficient evidence that Rizal is responsible for the uprising

* Cry of Balintawak (?) - led by Bonifacio

- start of revolution

- severing all ties from the abusive Spaniards

- tearing of cedulas

> paper which symbolizes Spanish dominance over the Filipinos

* Torturing Rizals brother - Paciano

- What is Rizals role in the rebellion?

- needles, whipping, beating to death

- tell the Spaniards Rizals criminal activities in exchange for his freedom

- Colonel: Paciano is useles. RIzal has already been arrested. This will teach their family to
cooperate with us next time.

RIZALS RESIDENCE, TONDO, MANILA (1896)

* Sisa & everyone - busy packing

* important documents were given to their father

* Their father: I dont want to leave you.

* men are at risk, father needs to leave or theyll die

* Antonio

* Biang

* Paciano returns home with injuries

* Manuel assisted Paciano as they leave; will take charge

* Silvestre

* all Rizal men leave

* be brave for Pepe

FORT SANTIAGO, MANILA. (NOVEMBER 1896)

* Rizal is brought in

* full name: Jose Rizal Mercado y Alonso

* age: 35

* profession: Physician

* Rizal was asked if he knew Bonifacio (founder of Katipunan)

- Rizal: not sure

- Colonel: Didnt you meet him at a secret assembly at the House of Doroteo Ongjunco

- Rizal: leave my family in peace, we know nothing about this

- Colonel: Katipunan uses Rizals name & photograph

- Rizals mother thinks that his name is being used to solicit donations

- Colonel: are you a traitor like Fr. Burgos? Dedicated latest novel to him

> For the priests Francisco Gomez, Jose Burgos, and Jacinto Zamora

* Execution of the GomBurZa

- Fr. Burgos deserves this fate

- no Indios should become priests

- Paciano witnessed the execution

> opened Rizals eyes to the injustices of the times

- Filipino priests only want equal rights with friars, but they were called subversives and executed

- 3 priests were falsely blamed for an uprising in Cavite

- Spanish might be watching Paciano because he was associated with Fr. Burgos (lived with him)

Dinner at Rizal Residence

- Joses father ordered that Fr. Burgos name be never mentioned in their house again

- Pepe/Jose asked his mother about injustice

 - Joses mother: this is an adult discussion, eat dinner

- Jose: Why cant we join adult discussions, but when were the ones talking, adults can interrupt
us anytime? Isnt that injustice?

* Rizal at his cell

- Filipino gave him dinner

> didnt know how to read

> Dont your writings always put you in trouble? Yes because of the friars

> stop writing: educated person but inside a jail cell

> me: know nothing, no enemy

> secret: before all I thought that was important in life is education, but I realized that it
really depends on what kind of education. - one can blind us

> pulled out a rose: education alone is not enough to make you see roses

- Jose started sharing his life

CALAMBA, LAGUNA (1869)

* Joses mother teaching him:

The alphabet

Praying the rosary

* Joses father wanted him to go to school

- he just wanted to be home-schooled by his mother

- You cant learn everything at home.

* Paciano brought Jose to school

* Teacher to Jose: Do you know how to speak Spanish? Latin?

- he knows a little of both

* Teacher: you know very little because of your height

* Teacher hits Joses right hand with a stick so that he will remember the lessons & stop giving stupid
answers

* Jose had a fight with the Teachers son after class

* Story of a Young Moth

- by Joses mother
 - It was drawn towards a flame. Despite his mothers warning not to get near the flame, the you
moth still went near it. He found the light so beautiful that he refused to listen to his mother. He
flew nearer each time, encircling the flame, approaching its light until his wings caught fire, and
he fell to his death.

- lesson: he should have shunned the light in order to avoid death

* Arrest of Joses mother

- accused: attempting to poison her sister-in-law

- was in jail for 2 years

- other reason for arrest: Joses family had a long standing rift with the friars - revenge

* Paciano told Jose to stop using the the Mercado family name

- dangerous

- friars might use it against him

> they hate their family because:

Paciano was very close to Fr. Burgos

Their father refuses to pay excessive taxes

- told Jose to study well

- use the family name Rizal

ATENEO MUNICIPAL (1892)

* recited Speech for Julius Caesars burial - EXCELLENT

* When Joses mother was still pregnant with him, as she was confessing to a priest, they heard him
crying. He was still in his mothers womb, but he couldnt wait to get out. He was in a hurry to see the
world.

* Joses mother had problems with her eyes

- refused to be checked and operated on unless Jose did it himself

- If all Id ever see are conditions of abuse and despair, Id rather go blind.

- he operated on his mothers eyes

* Maria - you made a lot of women cry all over the world

- he said he made them happy

* Luis Taviel de Andrade

- Joses defense counsel/attorney

- little knowledge of the law

- Jose has little faith in the law

- they asked Jose Rizal to choose among a list of names for his counsel

> chose him because his name was familiar

> he is the brother of Jose Taviel (Joses former body guard)

His brother told him many stories about Jose Rizal; most of it he doesnt believe

- my opinion about you is not important. Think of what others think about you

> insurgent (ireje)

> seceder (filibustero)

> subversive (subersibo)

>ingrate (walang utang na loob) to Spain

owe everything to Spain including his education

Learned a lot from Spains universities particularly universities in the

Philippines which were run by the friars

Learned that not all people are equal

UNIVERSITY OF SANTO TOMAS (1878)

* studied Science

* example in class: a Spaniard & an Indio (Filipino)

- Indios have fewer bones than Spaniards?

- We are superior to Filipinos!

- Jose: If height were the only reason why Spaniards are superior, then why has Spain lost some
of its colonies to natives who are shorter?

- challenged the Church and the friars who run it

> writer - challenge everyone, even ownself

- writings only showed the side of the Filipinos

> what about the side of the friars and the Spaniards?

Let them write their own novels if they want to be heard.

- job as writer to record the truth regardless of your belief (no sides)

- propaganda not art

- according to Censors Commission - novels have antagonized:

 Government

Religion

Spanish system of justice

Very honor of Spain itself

* ban the publication & distribution of the novels in the Philippines

- everything that was written is deeply rooted in the truth

- Filipinos will find themselves, their history for the last 10 years

A GATHERING STORM

* body buried in the cemetery was to be exhumed

> Fr. Damaso wants the corpse to be moved to another cemetery

> person buried was said to be a murderer BUT rumor: he was virtuous, God-fearing, and has a
son studying In Europe

> was thrown in the river

* Ibarra attempted to hurt Fr. Damaso

> friar was laughing

> Ibarra took a knife

- This friar was welcomed by my father in his home. He was treated well and regarded as a
friend. What did he do in return? He slandered my fathers good name. He used every
influence to have my father persecuted. Soon after, my father died in prison! As if it wasnt
enough, he ordered his body to be exhumed and thrown in the river. What son would not be
enraged? Is this how the church shows compassion? You deserve to die!

> Maria Clara shouted to stop him

> Ibarra dropped the knife and left

* they imprisoned, murdered, exhumed from the grave, and threw him

- what the Spaniards did to the honor and history of my race

- exaggerating - not all are that cruel

- Do we see the same things or are there things you refuse to see?

- What gives you the right to write what you are writing?

- experienced everything:

> lost my

Wife
 Child

Family

Dignity

Freedom

> deported

> deceived

> betrayed

- You feel superior just because youve suffered a lot?

- what we ask for: equality

> peaceful reforms through education and civic development

> recognize that Filipinos are equals of Spaniards

CASA TOMASINA

* Who are you? envoy of Elisha

* Who is the king whom the sons of Isaac must obey? Jehu

* Are you a prophet or disciple? Prophet

Solidarity

Brotherhood

* cause of trouble - Spanish students will think that were challenging them

* fight broke out between Indios and Spaniards

* Jose was injured

* Uncle Antonio - father of Leonor

* Leonor - Joses cousin RELATIONSHIP (?)

MARIA CLARA WAS REQUESTED TO SING

* Maria Clara - Leonor Rivera

> sings the poem Jose wrote for Leonor

- Marriage

> thought about marrying Leonor Rivera

> left for Europe

- Why did he leave for Europe? Who sent him? Who supported his travel?

> secret pact between Jose and Paciano

 Go to Europe

Study Medicine

Do whatever is necessary to help liberate our people

> Paciano will stay in the Philippines to take care of their parents and manage their farms

- will not marry

> Why Jose not Paciano?

He will greatly benefit:

study & learn

expose the Spanish rule in the Philippines

Meet other Filipinos: freedom to write & ask for reforms and justice
which our country needs

> Jose not yet ready

Not only his decision, consulted others

Provide him with monthly allowance

> Parents wont allow

Wont tell them yet - only know when he has left

> What about Leonor?

- Why do you have so many questions? Will you only think about yourself?

* Jose leaves for Europe

- passport and first class ticket - given by Uncle Antonio

Jose Mercado - used for the meantime so that officials wont trace and detain
him

Once he reaches Europe - use Rizal again

- Dont fail us. Many are counting on you. Our country has suffered so much.

- Leonor was sent to her cousins, knows nothing about what Jose was going to do

UNIVERSIDAD CENTRAL DE MADRID (1884)

* rally against bishops

* Professor Miguel Morayta

- one of the greatest defenders of science, freedom, and self-determination

- turn to defend his ideas

* Gathering with Luna and other Filipinos

 - How come in this country its alright to say that priests are idiots? If you want to say that the
government is incompetent, youll even be applauded for having the courage? We ask so little
from Mother Spain like freedom of the press and to be given equal rights like the Spaniards.

Spain will not listen to our pleas

they will listen and allow once they see that we are educated and dignified people,
and as long as were united, Spain will treat us with respect

Spain will only listen to the friars and the Governor-General of the Philippines

What if it is a waste of energy, Mr. Serrano? If In exchange, we can end the sufferings
of our people.

- Philippines is contented with its system now, even if she is suffering; it is harder for her to
adapt to change

Do you speak in their behalf or yours?

Meddle in the system- Spain might be offended

Thankful that we ca n go to Spain and get education and other things

Education - be cowards

Allow Spain to treat you like slaves

Unless we learn the value of self-respect, we will never earn the respect of other
people

HOTEL INGLES, MADRID (JUNE 25, 1884)

* Celebration for winning the National Exposition of the Arts in Madrid

- 2 entries from the Philippines

* Luna and Hidalgo

* Hidalgo was in Paris

* Jose Rizal gave a speech

ARCHDIOCESE OF MANILA (1884)

* Joses writings have been published in the newspapers

* Rizal - insolent accdg to brother in the AOM

> Indios are nothing but monkeys, animals, and illiterate beasts

- dangerous, fears nothing

* must be very careful

ELIAS ARGUED PASSIONATELY

* came back to the Philippines full of ambition, full of hope, full of dreams
* Evil cannot be remedied by another evil

- we need a revolution

- people are not prepared

- days of oppression are over, they must kill in order to survive

So often we are hunted by the ghost of subversion (filibusterismo), which with the same fostering
becomes very real, that in dispelling it, we commit grave mistakes.

They even invoke Gods name to condemn my novels, contradict its truth, and frighten people.

* Friars use hell to scare the people: for the wicked, hell is already here

* Lieutenant goes over to Senyor Gobernadorcillos (Mayor) house

- search warrant

- arrested: illegal assembly and possession of book

LA SOLIDARIDAD

- how the Philippines is governed

- reform and dismantle the colonies

* Marcelo del Pilar - co writer of La Solidaridad; editor-in-chief

In order to obstruct Ibarra, especially his attempts to use education to open peoples minds, the
officials implicated him in a violent revolt.

* people were throwing at him, traitor

In the publics eye, he was discredited, humiliated, and repelled. This is how they treat anyone who
aspired for reforms.

MADRID (JANUARY 1891)

* gathering of Filipinos

* discussion: time to elect a president - growing in number

* define the powers:

- should have the final decision on what articles to publish for La Solidaridad (ensure unified
action)

Argument between del Pilar and Rizal

Del Pilar - newspaper serves the public interest but still remains a private
enterprise; welcome to submit articles to the cause
 Rizal - not private but got national interests

* Rizal storms out; Ponce follows him and tries to convince him to stay

> leadership without unity is useless!

> if del Pilar views the newspaper as a private enterprise, he might as well be president

> What about the work he have started? Many are counting on you

Ive traveled so far, but havent really gotten anywhere because the battlefield is not
here; our enemies are not here.

Rizal decides to go back to the Philippines

MANILA (JULY 1892)

* Rizal returns to the Philippines

* suggested the formation of La Liga Filipina

- aim: focus on education, agriculture, and commerce

* Andres Bonifacio was at the gathering, first introduced to Rizal

* La Liga Filipina did not push through - suspected of aiming to dishonor and go against Spain

* Friars hired agents to plant banned pamphlets in his luggage

> arrested and deported to a far-off island - Dapitan

met Josephine there

* Governor-General vs Friar

While Rizal is alive, there can be no peace in these islands.

RIzal is in exile in Dapitan. Hes too far away to be of any harm.

He instigated this revolution! Its your duty to eliminate him!

Dont tell me how to do my job!

Well then, you better get your job done or get out of here!

* General Blanco visits Rizal in his cell

- ophthalmologist - let the Filipinos see clearly

Must you write everything you see?

If not, how do we differ from beasts?

- no difference between cell and Dapitan

- made Rizal believe that he could go to Cuba and practice his profession as a doctor only to
capture him again (hypocrite)
 AUGUST 1896

* revolution was led by Bonifacio

* Rizal would never allow this - everything he has worked for will be destroyed because of Filipinos
who could not wait

* produce a manifesto to clarify

* discussion among friars

Governor Blanco is becoming too friendly with our favorite prisoner

Whats wrong with that?

Blanco is the final judge of Rizal and he may revoke or defer the verdict. You know Rizal can charm his
way around people. And charming Blanco is very easy.

The devil can be many creatures - sometimes a Katipunero, sometimes a novelist, and sometimes also
a Governor-General.

Well see Blanco as the devil that he is

* Blanco was replace by Polavieja

* Taviel visits him in his cell during Christmas day

- his family have all gone back to Spain

* Paciano wrote to Rizal

- September 6 Tragedy in Calamba

CALAMBA, LAGUNA (SEPTEMBER 6, 1890)

Tragedy in Calamba

Platoon of soldiers arrived

Rumors: there will be a raid since they filed a case against the friars who
mismanaged their lands

No one expected that it will happen soon

Every family was given 24 hours to vacate their homes

Mother and Father refused to leave - forcibly evicted, mother lost balance

Friars dont own the lands but they impose excessive taxes; money doesnt go to
the government

seemed like a long funeral march

 Nothing left, they took everything - house and land

- continue to expose the Filipinos sufferings to the world

- in spite of everything, they have not lost hope - not to worry

* Rizal almost burned his writings

* he found a letter from Leonor

- theyve become so different now

- she was ask by her mother to marry an Englishman

- farewell to him, she got married

- he has read the novel El Filibusterismo

> dark novel

> add darkness to show the light

> no light in Simoun, with Ibarra there was

His soul was corrupted

> Have you changed your beliefs like Simoun? Will you use violence and revolution? Have
you become Simoun? Do you believe in bloodshed?

THE ULTIMATE REASON

* Dynamite X

- more than nitroglycerine - tears of the oppressed & cry of the abused

* Simoun told Basilio that it is the time to strike back

- planted bags of gunpowder in Capitan Tiagos house

- when they display the lamp and its flame begins to flicker, someone will approach to adjust the
light; this lamp will explode

* Basilio was shocked and asks if he intends to kill

* all the prominent people of the Church and of the State will be there

- What about the innocent?

> if necessary, they must be sacrificed

* Tonight, the whole Philippines will hear an explosion that will silence all criminals (foreigners)
hiding behind the Church and the Government!

- reforms are not enough anymore

- education and petitions are not enough

- BLOOD MUST BE SHED.

 > Maybe youre just using your novels to avenge yourself because you lost your lover, your
family, your profession.. Maybe youre betraying your own art..

* Maria Clara jumps off and dies

* Simoun gave the lamp as a gift and left the gathering

* someone was about to adjust the light when Isagani stopped him and threw the lamp outside

* Simoun is being chased and hunted down by the guards, and was shot

> Simoun failed, You failed.. When did you ever succeed? In Europe? You novels?

Not all my works failed

> that was before when you were younger, when you excelled in everything you did

Everything has changed

You fail to see the truth because you are blinded by your ambition! - selfish
motives

> What will you do when after you die, you and all your novels will be forgotten?

Death sentence

- Taviel left because he still has to go to the Malacanang

- trial is tomorrow

* gathering at the Malacanang

* Taviel meets the Monsignor

- he has a duty to fulfill: to defend the innocent

- leaves

* Monsignor and Governor-General has plans

DECEMBER 26, 1896

* Indio wakes Jose up for the trial

* importance of the court case: show the origin of the rebellion that drenches with blood the soul of
the Philippines

- natives have forgotten their duties as Spanish subjects by instigating against the Mother
country

* Josephine Bracken, labeled as Rizals mistress, came to the trial with a girl companion

* prosecution claims that he is guilty

Rizal through the publication of his works: Noli Me Tangere, Annotations to the History of
Philippines by Morga, and El Filibusterismo, and through an endless series of pamphlets,
 manifestos of all sorts attacking religion, the friars, and the Spanish government, impresses
upon the people of the Philippine the idea of expelling the religious orders to secure the
independence of this colony.

- consequence of the crime of rebellion: death

* Taviel defends Rizal

- did not lead the revolution

- only want changes on how the country is to be run

- since 1892 he was in exile in Dapitan for 4 years

> refrained from writing and discussing any subject remotely connected with politics

- encounter with Don Pio Valenzuela

> didnt visit him for medical assistance

> was actually sent by Andres Bonifacio

> invited to join several uprisings in different parts of the Philippines

> his works fueled them

> he said that the Filipinos are not yet ready

> was offered to escape

> he has no intention to join the revolution

- not guilty because he never gave his consent

* Rizal tries to defend himself

- they do not hold a single letter from him

- people who visited him in Dapitan were all unknown to him

- all he desires is Liberty: not through revolution but through education

* Rizals son with Josephine died

* Decision: guilty

* Taviel was frustrated

- it was a mock trial

- did not give them the chance to cross-examine

- resign from his post

- go back to Spain

- I am ashamed because I am a Spaniard.

> you are not a Spaniard; we are just the same

* Rizals mother tried to talk to Governor-General Polavieja to plea

 - he didnt do anything to help

DECEMBER 29, 1896

* Bonifacio planned another attack - rescue Rizal

> Paciano raised the fact that Rizal was heavily guarded and they were ready for any attack

> they were not afraid to die as well

> he wants to rescue his brother as well but he know that his brother will never allow bloodshed
for his sake

* Rizal wrote a letter for Paciano

- they might never see each other again

- carry the burden of caring for their family

- did not waste the opportunity given to him to have a career

* Rizals mother visited him in his cell

- not allowed to touch

- when he dies, ask for his body right away because they might dump him anywhere

> bury him, put a stone and cross, name, date of birth, and date of death

> may put a fence if they want

> no anniversary

* gift from the Tavera Family

- to be given to his family after he dies, there is something inside

* confession

DECEMBER 30, 1896

* Taviel came to see Rizal

> he was ready

> Rizal told him not to be afraid

> gave him a gift but he refused to accept it

* guards tied Rizal

* march

* his family was praying for him

* passed by the Ateneo - where I spent my happiest years

* family opened the gift from the Tavera family - contained a poem (his farewell)

* Bracken went to Bagumbayan

* last request: let him face the firing squad

> not granted

> spare his head instead

* anyone who raises his voice in favor of Rizal will also be executed - silence

* shot by firing squad - 2 lines: Filipinos (infront) & Spaniards (at the back)

* mercy shot after

* Indio who kept giving him food was at Bagumbayan

* revolution broke out: Katipunan

* climax of revolution: June 12, 1898 when General Emilio Aguinaldo raised the Philippine flag for the
first time and declared independence

* Dr. Jose Rizal - national hero of the Republic of the Philippines