Demystifying 3GPP

How do global 4G and 5G

standards get created?

August 3rd, 2017

Todays agenda
Demystifying 3GPP How do global 4G and 5G standards get created?

1 2 3 4
3GPP 3GPP 3GPP The essential role
Introduction Fundamentals Leadership of Qualcomm
Quick overview and Organization and Defining and Driving the evolution
history working procedures measuring standards and expansion of the
leadership mobile ecosystem

Todays Lorenzo Casaccia

Vice President, Technical Standards
speaker Qualcomm Technologies, Inc.
@lorenzocasaccia

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3GPP drives global standards for cellular technology
Develops global technical specifications for 2G, 3G, 4G and 5G wireless devices

18+ 550+
Years driving cellular tech evolution Member companies

12 16
Major releases Technical working groups

>1.2K 6-8
Tech specifications* 3rd Generation Working group meetings per year

Partnership Project
100,000s at-a-glance 2,000+
Technical contributions Man years in cumulative meeting time*

Member-driven organization Collaborative engineering effort Distributed work-flow

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3GPP technologies have fueled mobile innovation
Delivering new levels of performance and efficiency over multiple generations

1990s 2000s 2010s 2020s

Digital voice Mobile data Mobile Internet Mobile expansion
3GPP started 1998 after introduction of 2G, but has been responsible for GSM/EDGE evolution since 1998 4
3GPP defines complete end-to-end system specifications
Encapsulates all essential elements to define the overall network
Radio Access Network (RAN) Services
Implements radio access technology, e.g. LTE, Framework for service architecture,
managing radio link to connect UEs to core network capabilities, multimedia and charging

User Equipment (UEs) Core Network (CN)

Devices, e.g. smartphones, that connect Manages the RAN, e.g. mobility mgmt., and
to services via radio access technology routes data to outside world, e.g. Internet

The scale and complexity of technology requires division of technical

problems and work into smaller, specialized pieces in 3GPP
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3GPP is a distributed, systems-engineering effort
Technical work occurs across 3 TSGs and 16 specialized WGs*

Radio Access Network (RAN) Service/System Aspects (SA) Core network & Terminals (CT)
Defines the radio communications Responsible for overall architecture & Responsible for core network; defines
between UEs and core network service capabilities terminal interfaces & capabilities
RAN WG1 SA WG1 CT WG1
Layer 1 (Physical) spec Service requirements Mobility Mgmt, Call Ctrl, Session Mgmt
RAN WG2 SA WG2 CT WG3
Layer 2 and 3 (RR) protocols Architecture Policy, QoS and Interworking
RAN WG3 SA WG3 CT WG4
Access network interfaces + O&M Security Network protocols
RAN WG4 SA WG4 CT WG6
Performance requirements Codecs, multimedia system Smart card application
RAN WG5 SA WG5
UE conformance testing Telecom management
RAN WG6 SA WG6
Legacy RAN, e.g. GSM, HSPA Mission-critical services
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New features are
introduced via
3GPP Releases

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The feature-rich evolution of 4G LTE over 8+ Releases
Introducing new features that add significant value to ecosystem
Release 8 Initial LTE standard, OFDMA waveform, FDD / TDD operation, IP-based EPC

Release 9 LTE Broadcast (eMBMS), LTE Positioning (LCS), Enhanced voice fallback (CSFB), VoLTE

Release 10 Carrier Aggregation (CA), HetNets (eICIC-IC2), Advanced MIMO

Release 11 Coordinated multipoint (CoMP), HetNet enhancements (feICIC-IC2)

Release 12 Dual Connect, FDD-TDD CA, 256QAM, D2D

32x CA, FD-MIMO, LTE Unlicensed (LAA), LTE IoT (eMTC, NB-IoT) Release 13

Enhanced LAA (eLAA), Vehicle-to-Everything (C-V2X), Digital TV Broadcast (enTV) Release 14

Drone/ULL communications, Further enhancements towards IMT-2020 in existing spectrum Release 15+

2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017

Dates represent Start and End dates for 3GPP Releases; Features shown are representative and do not reflect full-set of features 8
3GPP is a collaborative, system-engineering effort
Managed like any other complex system-engineering effort, e.g. designing a jet plane

1 Early R&D and

project proposal 2 Break project into
specialized areas, 3 Feasibility study
and explore different 4 Develop solution(s)
based on agreed
to management e.g. jet engine technical solutions work plan

3GPP develops technical specifications (vs. jet planes), is constrained

by meeting time (vs. OPEX) and is a collaborative effort across 100s
of different entities with potentially diverse interests/incentives 9
3GPP is a collaborative, system-level engineering effort
And thus, the 3GPP work-flow and working procedures reflect this
Ongoing, iterative member R&D that tracks 3GPP development

Technical contributions

Outside 3GPP

Tech specs
Concept
contribution(s) Approval Tech report
Change requests

Early R&D Inside 3GPP Product development

1 2 3 4 5
Vision and Project proposal Feasibility Development Commercial
concept Study Item Work Item(s) deployments
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 1 2 3 4 5
Vision Project Study Work Deploy

Early member R&D fuels new innovations

Proposal Item Item

Outside 3GPP Inside 3GPP

By individual 3GPP members
Iteration & Approval Approved Study
negotiation Item(s)
Concept
contribution(s) Yes
Vision Early R&D Partner TSG

Abandon, hold
or reiterate No

1 Vision and concept 2 Project proposal

Define compelling problem or need
Specify requirements and constraints
Develop early design and technologies
Garner support and test assumptions
Submit 3GPP concept tech contribution
New feature may be initiated by any member
Must have support of at least 4 individual members
Usually iterate on concept over multiple meetings
New work activity must be approved by TSG plenary
Approval results in approved Study Item(s)
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 1 2 3 4 5
Vision Project Study Work Deploy

3GPP feasibility Study Item

Proposal Item Item

Evaluates multiple tech options / solutions

Outside 3GPP 3 3GPP Study Item

Technical Potential
Iteration & negotiation
Report (TR) Approval Work Item(s)
Agreed-upon concepts
Yes
Technical contributions TSG

No

Individual Abandon, hold or reiterate

member R&D

Members submit Contributions are Decisions are tech- Process is iterative Agreed-upon concepts Approved TR (by
tech docs made publicly driven and result and non-linear included in Tech TSG) may result in
(contributions) available, discussed from consensus- many discussions Reportrarely corresponding Work
to propose solutions in 3GPP meetings based process open continue beyond untouched from initial Item(s)may be less
and technologies (time permitting) to all members 3GPP agenda contributions scope than Study

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 1 2 3 4 5
Vision Project Study Work Deploy

3GPP Work Item develops specification(s)

Proposal Item Item

1
Based on agreed-upon concepts and solutions from Study Item
3 3GPP Work Item
TR from
Study Item Iteration &
negotiation Technical
Approval
Specification(s)
Agreed-upon concepts Agreed-upon 5
implementation details
Tech specs
TSG

Technical contributions

Ongoing Change Requests Commercial

member R&D deployments

Similar contribution- Complete list of Each Work Item Agreed-upon Once spec approved, Released specs kick-
driven, iterative, active work-items has supporting implementation details changes can only be off race to standards-
consensus-based make up 3GPP companies and executed in Tech accomplished through compliant devices
process to specify work-plan; available rapporteur(s) the Specification(s) formal change and infrastructure for
selected solutions on 3GPP website WI manager(s) either new or existing1 request2 deployments

1 Not all Work Items are the result of a Study Item may start directly and have some study phase at the start of the Work Item; 2 Updates to existing specifications accomplished via Change Requests (type of contribution);
3 Change Requests are tracked rigorously since it can impact product development for manufacturers of chipset, infrastructure and User Equipment 13
3GPP standards leadership
Driving end-to-end expansion of the mobile ecosystem
Some assert 3GPP leadership based on # of contributions
Analogous to asserting leadership in sports on the basis of time-of-possession

Time-of-possession Final score

57% 43% 1 3

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Contributions fuel process, but not all created equal
Quality (vs. quantity) of contributions far more essential to 3GPP leadership
3GPP technology decisions and specs
are not made via a direct mechanism of
acceptance or rejection of contributions
Many different types of contributions,
including Change Requests many do
not contain new technology inventions
Difficult to assess impact of any single
contribution most focused on one part of one
feature or studies that do not get standardized
1 Submitted with Ericsson; 2 Submitted with 40+ other members led by Qualcomm
Recent example
contributions
Introducing LTE in unlicensed spectrum
RP-131635 Concept Contribution1
Way Forward on the 5G NR workplan
RP-170741 Way Forward Contribution2
Physical layer options for LAA
RP-150477 Seminal technical contribution
Introduction of new DL category
RP-171037 Intro new UE category for 1.6 Mbps
FeMBMS/unicast-mixed carrier flag in
measurement object
RP-171169 Change Request
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Contribution counting is not a science
Easily manipulated, susceptible to interpretation, and encourages bad behavior

Siloed approach Stacking the deck Interpreting the data

Cellular technologies build upon Companies can provide incentives Databases built for engineers not
previous work done both in- and to 3GPP representatives to maximize high-level analysis open to
outside of 3GPP contributions interpretation and manipulation

e.g., LTE adopts many technology Resulted in multiple WGs instituting a Exemplified by inconsistencies
concepts that first originated with 2G and policy of one contribution per company between published reports on 3GPP
3G technologies incl. 3GPP2 per agenda item contribution counting
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3GPP leadership Wireless
backhaul Fixed
IAB
Satellite

is the ability to drive Mission-critical

services Drone
ULL
URLCC

the evolution Digital TV

broadcasting
eMBMS
enTV

Public D2D MCVideo

And expansion of the safety MCPTT MCData

mobile ecosystem New spectrum

types
LTE-U/LAA CBRS
LSA LWA MulteFire

Auto Telematics eCall C-V2X

services Connected infotainment

M2M/IoT MTC NB-IoT

services eMTC Private Networks

Data SMS MMS Web Gigabit LTE ULL

services Email Multimedia Apps Immersive VR and AR experiences

Voice Analog VoLTE

services Digital Telepresence

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Leading the evolution and expansion of the ecosystem
The true measure of 3GPP standards leadership

The proven desire and ability to build CN The proven expertise and
broad consensus across the ecosystem ability to drive an end-to-end
RAN
towards new directions design through 3GPP
UE

The foundation is end-to-end technology and R&D leadership

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Expanding into new areas requires an e2e approach
The ability to drive an end-to-end design across multiple 3GPP Working Groups
LAA LTE D2D and Digital
LTE Unlicensed IoT C-V2X Broadcast 3GPP Working Groups

SA1, SA2, SA3,

Mobile CT1, CT3, CT4
Broadband

RAN1, RAN2,
RAN3, RAN4

RAN1, RAN2,
Baseline
RAN4, RAN5,
Design
SA2, SA3, SA4,
SA6, CT1, CT6

Each new area requires creating a new sub-system built on top of baseline
Adjusting, optimizing, and redesigning procedures across all layers to address the new requirements
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The essential role of
Qualcomm in leading
the expansion of the
mobile ecosystem

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Our system-level inventions fuel the mobile industry
Taking significant risks to start early with an end-to-end design

> $46 Billion *

In research and development

*Cumulative expenditures to date since 1985 22

 Qualcomm has led the evolution and expansion of LTE
Delivering fundamental systems-level inventions and driving e2e design in 3GPP

Carrier Hybrid Fast link OFDMA, SC- FDMA

aggregation ARQ adaptation waveforms

Leading in 5G requires

CoMP CSFB 4G LTE LTE- U/LAA/

eLAA
MulteFire

leadership
Lower power consumption LTE Broadcast Small cells LWA
technologies, e.g. DTX/DRX (eMBMS) interference management

Handover Small cell self- Advanced MIMO LTE Direct and

procedure configuration techniques technologies, e.g. UL MIMO C-V2X

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Leading the expansion of LTE to unlicensed spectrum
Licensed Assisted Access (LAA)

Technology and R&D 3GPP standards Impactful trials with Industry-first

leadership leadership network operators chipsets

Qualcomm

Snapdragon X16

LTE modem

MWC 2014: First demo Introduced concept Dec First over-the-air trials, Announced industrys first
(Wi-Fi coexistence) 2013 and pioneered work LAA with DT Nov 2015 modem to support LAA in
MWC 2015: First live LAA demo in 3GPP across multiple and eLAA with SK Feb 16; Commercial devices
MWC 2016: First live eLAA demo working groups Telecom Sep. 2016 have since launched

Qualcomm Snapdragon is a product of Qualcomm Technologies, Inc. 24

 Pioneered and led work on LAA in 3GPP part of Rel-13
Building broad consensus across ecosystem and driving e2e design across WGs
Led project proposal phase in RAN TSG Physical layer options for LAA2, R1-150477
Concept Approved
Started Contribution SI Adaptive frame structure and DL-UL configuration, R1-150977
R&D >5 W Discovery procedure, RRM, CQI measurement, and reporting, R1-150998
years ago S
Reservation signal design for LAA, R1-151406
Intro LTE in Initial LAA SI RAN Workshop Study Item
unlicensed1 Proposal Inputs from 20+ on LAA Multi-carrier LBT operation for LAA, R1-152784
RP-131635 RP-140240 companies RP-141664

Proposal for coexistence testing4, R4-156326

Delivered numerous seminal Way forward on band definition, R4-156785

Study Way forward on coexistence tests, R4-158436

contributions during Study Item in RAN1 complete
TR 36.889 Led continued
work in SA1/2 on
Drove Wi-Fi coexistence testing3 & band W
S USOS5 + RAN4
definition during Work Item in RAN4 New Work 3GPP-IEEE- WI complete on multi-node
Item on LAA WFA workshop Updates to 16 coexistence tests6
RP-151045 on coexistence existing specs

2013 2014 2015 2016

1 Made in collaboration with Ericsson; 2 Such as Load Based Equipment channel access protocol, DRS-based RRM procedure, Reservation signal; 3 Led engagements with IEEE and WFA; 4 Also R4-156327;
5 Unlicensed Spectrum Offloading System-enhancements design work related to identification of traffic carried over unlicensed spectrum (reporting from RAN to CN) to be used for charging, etc. and for regulatory reasons;
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6 R4-1706224 Way Forward on Multi-node tests Introduces ability to have coexistence tests among LTE base stations and Wi-Fi Access Points for LAA
Initial work on LAA broadening to new technology areas
Qualcomm continuing to lead the way

Evolving LAA with Opening up new Extending to new 3GPP is studying

new functionality opportunities with deployment types, e.g. NR in unlicensed
and enhancements MulteFire Private IoT spectrum
TM

E.g., UL and DL LTE operation solely in Factories, ports, mines, Licensed-assisted and
aggregation unlicensed spectrum warehouses smart buildings, standalone operation

Drove key technologies in Introduced concept1 in June First demo3 in CBRS shared Drove new Release 15 Study
3GPP1; first OTA demo at MWC 2015; founding member of spectrum Feb 2017 (venues, Item that was approved in March
2016; first OTA field trial with MulteFire alliance; first OTA enterprise); Industrial IoT demo4 2017 RAN plenary with
SKT Sep 2016 demo at MWC 2017 at MWC 2017 Qualcomm as rapporteur

1E.g., New interleaved UL waveform: to satisfy bandwidth and PSD constraints R1-150477; 2 OnQ Blog: Introducing MulteFire: LTE-like performance with Wi-Fi-like simplicity; 3 with Nokia and Alphabets Access Group; 4
with Nokia and GE 26
Making 5G NR a reality
Best-in-class 5G 5G standards, Impactful trials and Modem and RFFE
prototype systems technology and early deployments with leadership to solve
and testbeds research leadership network operators 5G complexity
Qualcomm
Snapdragon X50
5G Modem Family

Test, demonstrate and verify Such as advanced channel Over-the-air interoperability Announced the worlds
our innovative 5G designs to coding, self-contained testing leveraging prototype first 5G NR multimode
contribute to and drive subframe, mobilizing systems and our leading modems for premium
standardization mmWave, global network experience smartphones in 2019

Qualcomm Snapdragon is a product of Qualcomm Technologies, Inc. 27

Accelerating 5G NR, the global standard for 5G
3GPP 5G NR
R14 Study Item

We Are Here 5G NR Standalone (SA) mode

Intermediate milestone for

5G NR Non-Standalone
(NSA) mode
Enabling deployments as early as 2019

2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022

1. Forward compatibility with R16 and beyond 28
 Leading the evolution and
expansion of the mobile ecosystem.

Learn more at www.qualcomm.com/5G

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Thank you
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or business units within the Qualcomm corporate structure, as applicable. Qualcomm Incorporated includes Qualcomms licensing business,
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