Before i start to explain the properties of fiber reinforced concrete, i will start off with the

definition of the fiber reinforced concrete. According to Brighthub Engineering (2017), fiber
reinforced concrete is one type of concrete that consisting of fibrous substances that can
increase its structural strength as well as cohension. Fibers used are steel fibers, synthetic
fibers, glass fibers, natural fibers, and polymer fibers. Fiber reinforced concrete has small
distinct fibers that are homogeneously dispersed and oriented. What is the reasons of using
Fiber Reinforced concrete in most construction project around the world from now on ?

Portland cement concrete is a comparatively brittle substance. Yet, this kind of cement is tend
to fracture and fail because this type of concrete is un-reinforced concrete.Since the beginning
of the nineteenth century, studies were conducted to reinforce concrete by using steel. It helps
the concrete becomes a composite group in which the steel endure the tensile stresses. But, the
concrete is reinforced by using fiber in the mixture is more likely furthur increase the tensile
strength of the addition of fiber reinforcing compare to reinforce the concrete with just only the
steel bar.

Whats about the material used for the fiber reinforcement? There are few types of materials
we mix in the reinforced concrete including steel glass polyester, rayon, cotton, and polythene.
The most often of material that we can see are Steel fiber reinforced concrete and Glass fiber
reinforced concrete as well as. The reason of this are all these material can resist acid.The
second type of fibers is natural fibers. Natural fibers being vulnerable to attack are not much
popular. Simililary, plastic fibers have been introduced in the filed of reinforcement and are still
in the development phrase. It is believe that plastic fibers can increase the static strength of
concrete. Nylon fibers have the properties of plastic material, and presently have a limited
application in the slad technology only. This type of fiber is much better compared to the welded
wire fabric that commonly used in slabs because Nylon fibers possess strength that is greater
than the welded wire fabric in construction a slab. Consequently, this is my brielfy explain what
is actually about the fibers reinforced concrete. In this section, i will explain on the properties of
Steel fibers reinforced concrete, Glass fiber reinforced concrete and also natural fiber namely
polymer reinforced concrete.

Figure 1 Natural fibers Figure 1 Figure 2

Figure 2 Steel Fibers
 Figure 3 Figure 4
Figure 3 Glass Fiber

Figure 4 This is the polymer fibers add to the concrete when mixing

Steel Fibers reinforced concrete are the most commonly used fiber concretes in the world. Their
mechanical properties have therefore become very crucial in light of the rapid transformation in their
application. In the table below shoed the chemical and physical properties of the Steel Fibers.

CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF THE STEEL FIBERS

URW Steel Fibers
CHARACTERISTICS MATERIAL PROPERTIES
Fiber length 50mm
Appearance Bright and clean wire
Diameter 1mm
Aspect ratio 50
Tensile Strength 1050

THE DESIGN MIX AS PER THE EXPECTED STRENGTH

No.
1 10/20mm Kg 74.700
aggregates
2 4/10mm aggregates Kg 38.500
3 Sand Kg 83.100
4 Cement(Rugby) Kg 15.300
5 GGBS Kg 15.300
6 Super-plasticizer Lt 110.000
7 Water(weight) kg
Compressive Strength The Compressive Strength of the cubes for 3, 7 and 28 days is shown graphically
in Fig 4 for each mix ID. From the figure it is evident that MB3 has the highest strength parameter. It is
attributed to the fact that as cement content is increasing in the mixes, the bond strength between the
particles is increasing and thereby strength is increasing. It was also noticed that as the content of
coarse aggregate decreased in the mixes, the strength also decreased. Thus the trend of compressive
strength observed in the figure is justified. The compressive test setting apparatus has been shown in Fig
Figure 5 and Figure 6

Figure 5

Figure 6

Figure 5 Compressive testing Machine

Figure 6 Testing Apparatues

Split Tensile Strength The Split tensile strength of the cubes for 7 and 28 days is shown graphically in Fig
5 for each mixes. It is evident from the graph that the split tensile strength also follows the same trend
as compressive strength. The observation is attributed the to the increasing cement content which
increase the bond strength. The Split Tensile Specimens during test has been shown in Fig 4(i) & Fig (ii).
 Figure 7 Split Tensile Testing Figure 6 Wight Checking

Figure 8 Compressive strength Test Result for different Mix IDs and different test days

EFFECT OF STEEL FIBER ON IMPACT CAPACITY AND TOUGHNESS OF CONCRETE: Toughness is a measure
of the ability of the material to absorb energy during deformation estimated using the area under the
stress-strain curves. Luo et. al , studied and conducted test on the mechanical properties and resistance
against impact on steel fiber reinforced high-performance concrete. Five different geometry of fibers
included steelsheet-cut fibers and steel ingot milled fibers with four fiber volume fractions (4%, 6%, 8%
and 10%) were applied in to the mix. dosage Vf ranged from 0.0 to 2.0 percent. Steel and Polyolefin
fibers were combined in different proportions and their impact on strength and toughness studied.
Addition of 2.0 percent by volume of hooked-end steel fibers increases the toughness by about 19.27%,
when compared to the plain concrete. When the fibers were used in a hybrid form, the increase in
above study parameters was about 31.42%, when compared to the plain concrete

EFFECT ON WORKABILITY OF STEEL FIBER: Slump tests were carried out to determine the workability
and consistency of fresh concrete. The efficiency of all fiber reinforcement is dependent upon
achievement of a uniform distribution of the fibers in the concrete, their interaction with the cement
matrix, and the ability of the concrete to be successfully cast or sprayed (Brown J. & Atkinson T.2012).
Essentially, each individual fiber needs to be coated with cement paste to provide any benefit in the
concrete. Regular users of fiber reinforcement concrete will fully appreciate that adding more fibers into
the concrete, particularly of a very small diameter, results in a greater negative effect on workability and
the necessity for mix design changes. The slump changed due to the different type of fiber content and
form. The reason of lower slump is that adding steel fibers can form a network structure in concrete,
which restrain mixture from segregation and flow. Due to the high content and large surface area of
fibers, fibers are sure to absorb more cement paste to wrap concrete was measured, and a new trilinear
cohesive law was proposed. By testing the deformational behavior of conventionally reinforced steel
fiber concrete beams in pure bending, the people gave an economical and efficient use of steel fibers.
The results indicate that the fiber and matrix interaction contributes significantly to enhancement of
mechanical properties caused by the introduction of fibers. Numerical analysis and field test on
performance of steel fiber reinforced concrete segment in subway tunnel were described. Bending and
uniaxial tensile tests on hybrid fiber reinforced concretes combining fibers with different geometry and
material have been done.

Core ON WORKABILITY OF STEEL FIBER: Slump trial were carried out to determine the workability and
consistency of fresh concrete . The efficiency of all roughage reinforcing stimulus is dependent upon
achievement of a uniconformation distribution of the character in the concrete, their fundamental
interaction with the cement matrix, and the ability of the concrete to be successfully cast or
sprayed .Essentially, each individual character needs to be coated with cement paste to provide any
benefit in the concrete. Fixture user of character reinforcement concrete will fully appreciate that adding
more character into the concrete, particularly of a very small diameter, resultant role in a greater negative
gist on workability and the necessity for mix pattern changes. The drop-off changed due to the different
eccentric of fiber mental object and form. The reason of lower berth slump is that adding sword
vulcanized fiber can form a network structure in concrete, which restrain salmagundi from segregation
and flow. Due to the high content and large surface area of fiber , fibers are sure to absorb more cement
paste to wrap concrete was measured, and a new trilinear cohesive practice of law was proposed by
Kazemi et al. [20]. By testing the deformational behavior of conventionally reinforced steel fiber concrete
beams in pure bending, Dwarakanath and Nagaraj [21] gave an economical and efficient use of steel
fibers. The study results given by St. Thomas and Ramaswamy [22] indicate that the fiber and matrix
interaction contributes significantly to enhancement of mechanical properties caused by the unveiling of
fibers. Numerical depth psychology and field test on carrying into action of steel fiber reinforced concrete
section in subway tunnel were described by Zhu [23]. Bending and uniaxial tensile tests on hybrid fiber
reinforced concretes combination fibers with different geometry and material have been done by Sorelli et
al. [XXIV ].
Thermal and mechanical properties of steel-fibre-reinforced
concrete at elevated temperatures
For use in fire resistance calculations, the relevant thermal and mechanical properties of steel-fibre-reinforced
concrete at elevated temperatures were determined. These properties included the thermal conductivity, specific
heat, thermal expansion, and mass loss, as well as the strength and deformation properties of steel-fibre-reinforced
siliceous and carbonate aggregate concretes. The thermal properties are presented in equations that express the
values of these properties as a function of temperature in the temperature range between 0 C and 1000 C. The
mechanical properties are given in the form of stressstrain relationships for the concretes at elevated temperatures.
The results indicate that the steel fibres have little influence on the thermal properties of the concretes. The influence
on the mechanical properties, however, is relatively greater than the influence on the thermal properties and is
expected to be beneficial to the fire resistance of structural elements constructed of fibre-reinforced concrete. Key
words: steel fibre, reinforced concrete, thermal properties, mechanical properties, fire resistanc

There are the picture of STEEL FIBER REINFORCED CONCRETE ( SFRC )

Figure 7 Steel fibre reinforced concreye

 Glass Fiber Reinforced Concrete (GFRC) is other type of reinforced concrete that largely used in
exterior building faade panels and as architectural precast concrete. This type of material is excellent in
making fair face in front of any building and it has lesser dense than steel. Glass fiber reinforced
composite material consist of high strength glass fiber embedded in a cementitious matrix. Both fibers
and matrix get their physical and chemical identities, yet they can contribute a combination of
characteristic that cannot be achieved with either of the components acting alone. Generally, fibers are
the principal load-carrying members, while the surrounding matrix keeps them in the desired locations
and orientation, acting as a load transfer medium between them, and protects them from enviriomental
damage. In fact, the fibers provide reinforcement for the mix and other useful funtions in fiber-
reinforced composite materials. Glass fibers can be incorporated into a matrix either in continuous
lengths or in discontinuous (Chopped) lengths. There are number differences between structural metal
and fiber-reinforced composites. For example, metals in general display elastic and plastic deformation
whereas most fiber reinforced composites are elastic in their tensile stress-strain characteristics.
However, the dissimilar nature of these materials provides mechanisms for high-energy absorption on a
microscopic scale comparable to the yielding process. Depending on the type and severity of external
loads, a composite laminate may exhibit gradual deterioration in properties but usually would not fail in
catastrophic manner. Mechanisms of damage development and growth in metal and composite
structure are also quite different. Other important characteristics of many fiber-reinforced composites
are their non-corroding behavior, high damping capacity and low coefficients of thermal expansion
according to (Fowler, 1999) Many experiments on fiber reinforced concrete with steel fibers and
synthetic fibers have been conducted to obtain fundamental properties of mortar and concrete
reinforced with glass fibers, such as tensile and compressive properties. Effect of fiber content on these
properties was examined and some problems were theoretically discussed. Based on (Kirlikovali, 507
509) investigation, the effect of the length of randomly distributed fibers and the glass content on the
flexural strength, compressive strength, tensile strength and young, s modulus of the materials. The
author found that an increased in strength as the glass content increased, the fiber inclusion up to 1% by
weight in the mortar and concrete hardly influenced young, s modulus both in compression and tension.
According to (Ohama, 1997.) investigated the relation between the splitting tensile strength and
compressive strength of glass fibers reinforced concrete (GFRC) and polypropylene fiber reinforced
concrete (PFRC). The fiber content was 1% and 1.5% of the mixed concrete by volume. A total of 18
cylinder specimens were made from each mix for compressive and splitting tensile tests. The authors
found that the addition of GF and PF. To concrete increased the splitting tensile strength by
approximately 20-50 %, and the splitting tensile strength of GFRC and PFRC ranged from 9% to 13% of its
compressive strength. According to (Gunasekaran, 2000)Investigation, the strength potential of nylon
fiber reinforced concrete versus that of the polypropylene fiber reinforced concrete, at fiber content of
600 gm/ m3 .
 Figure 1 Testing specimens of Glass Fiber
reinforced concrete

Testing of specimens of Glass Fiber

reinforced concrete

Polymer reinforced concrete is a composite material which results from polymerization of

monomer/aggregate mixture, according to (Mishra, 2017). The polymerized monomer act as binder for
the aggregates and the resulting composite is called concrete. Nowadayspolymer concrete date back
to late 1950s when the material were developed as replacement of cement concrete in some specific
application such as acid tanks, manholes, drains, highway median barriers, and so forth. Early usage of
polymerhas been reported for building cladding and so forth. No longer after that because of rapid
curing, good bond to cement and steel reinforcement, high strength, and durability, it was extensively
used as repair material. What are the properties of polymer fiber reinforced concrete that can bring a
lots of benefits to the construction project.

First of all, the properties of polymer concrete differ greatly depending on the conditions of
preparation. The properties of PFRC also count on binder content, aggregates size distribution, nature
and content of the microfiller, curing conditions, and so forth. What does polymer concrete made of ?
Polymeric resins that are commonly used in polymer concrete are methacrylate, polyster resin, epoxy
resin, vinylester resin, furan resins. Unsaturated polyster reins are the most commonly used resins
systems for polymer concrete because of their low cost, easy availability, and good mechanical
properties.
Figure 2 This is the polymer resins that can increase the strength of PFRC

(P. Mani, A. K. Gupta, and S. Krishnamoorthy, 1987)Both of the compressive strength and flexural
The lowest polymer content at
strength increase with the increase in polymer content.
which the properties are maximum will represent the optimum resin
content for the system under study. It is observed that both flexural and
compressive strength attain the maximum value between 14 and 16%
resin content by weight. Further studies in this area have also provided
similar results. (El-Hawary, 1999). (Ferreira, 2000). A microfiller is also
one of the material that can increate the strength of polymer concrete .
The figure below will show the microfiller.

Figure 3 microfiller that add to polymer fiber reinforced concrete

According to ( Kobayashi and T. Ito, 1975).,temprature irise was observed for frequency range of 200-
400 Hz. Also, Addition of 1 % silane agrent increase the load for withstanding 2 million cycles from 59%
to 64% of ultimate strength. Besides, the PFRC with Ottawa strength, temperature stain rate,, void
content, method of preparation, and resin content. For the maximum flexural and compression between
 Strain rate was found to have very limited
14% and 16% resin content by weight.
effect on the flexural behaviour. Compaction moulding was found to
have better results than vibration moulding. PFRC with 58& crushed
granite, 21.8% sand, and 10.4% calcium carbonate has affected he
compressive strength in the range of 90-108 MPa has been reported
according to 36. Last but not least the polymer concrete with clean sand,
foundry sand, and caco3 including the variable which are rasin content,
microfiller content, mixing method and type of sand. According to (Ferreira,
Flexural properties of polyester resin concretes, 2000) , clean sand gives better properties
with low resin content has high special surface.

Figure 4 This is the high strength polymer fiber reinforced concrete