AISCNightSchool DesignofCompositeFloorSystemsinSteelFramedBuildings

May18,2015 Session4:AdvancedCompositeBeamTopics

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AISCNightSchool DesignofCompositeFloorSystemsinSteelFramedBuildings
May18,2015 Session4:AdvancedCompositeBeamTopics

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Continuing Education Systems (AIA/CES). Credit(s) earned on completion
of this program will be reported to AIA/CES for AIA members. Certificates
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This program is registered with AIA/CES for continuing professional

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Questions related to specific materials, methods, and services will be

addressed at the conclusion of this presentation.

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CopyrightMaterials
This presentation is protected by US and International Copyright laws. Reproduction, distribution,
display and use of the presentation without written permission of AISC is prohibited.

TheAmericanInstituteofSteelConstruction2015
The information presented herein is based on recognized engineering principles and is for general
information only. While it is believed to be accurate, this information should not be applied to
any specific application without competent professional examination and verification by a
licensed professional engineer. Anyone making use of this information assumes all liability arising
from such use.

CourseDescription
AdvancedCompositeBeamTopics
May18,2015

With an understanding of the basics of composite beam design now in

hand, this lesson will delve into more advanced topics in composite
beam design including the use of composite beam stiffness for drift
control as well as the design of composite beam members as drag struts.
A design example exploring potential limit states of composite drag strut
members such as constrained axis lateraltorsional buckling will be
presented.

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May18,2015 Session4:AdvancedCompositeBeamTopics

LearningObjectives
1. Become familiar with the composite design concept of using
composite beam stiffness for drift control.
2. Gain an understanding of the use of composite beam members
as drag struts.
3. Become familiar with the limit states associated with composite
drag strut members including constrained axis lateraltorsional
buckling.
4. Gain an understanding of the design of drag struts through a
presented design example.

Design of Composite Floor Systems in Steel

Framed Buildings

Session 4: Advanced Composite Beam Topics

May 18, 2015

Presented by
William P. Jacobs V, P.E., S.E.
Principal
Stanley D. Lindsey & Associates, Ltd.
Atlanta, Georgia

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May18,2015 Session4:AdvancedCompositeBeamTopics

Design of Composite Floor Systems in Steel

Framed Buildings

W. Samuel Easterling, PhD, PE

Montague-Betts Professor of Structural Steel Design and Department Head
Virginia Tech
Blacksburg, Virginia

William P. Jacobs, V, PE, SE

Principal, Stanley D. Lindsey & Associates, Ltd.
Atlanta, Georgia

Thomas M. Murray, PhD, PE

Emeritus Professor
Virginia Tech
Blacksburg, Virginia

Design of Composite Floor Systems in Steel Framed Buildings

Schedule

Sam Easterling
April 27 - Introduction to Composite Construction in Floor Systems
May 4 - Fundamentals of Composite Beam Behavior and Design
May 11 - Composite Girder Design and Member Serviceability
Will Jacobs
May 18 - Advanced Composite Beam Topics
June 1 - Practical Implementation of Composite Floor Designs
Tom Murray
June 8 - Composite Floor Vibration Part I: Basics of Floor Vibration Analysis
June 22 - Composite Floor Vibration Part II: Walking Vibrations
June 29 - Composite Floor Vibration Part III: Special Considerations

10

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FollowUp

ReinforcementOverGirders

11

Outline

Session4:AdvancedCompositeBeamTopics

Part1:DriftControl
Part2:CompositeCollectorBeams

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DriftControl

AISCDesignExampleBuilding

www.aisc.org/designexamples
PartIII SystemDesignExamples

13

DriftControl

AISCDesignExampleBuilding

14

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DriftControl

AISCDesignExampleBuilding

15

DriftControl

AISCDesignExampleBuilding

16

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DriftControl
Frame StrengthDesign

17

DriftControl
Frame StrengthDesign

18

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DriftControl
Frame StrengthDesign

ROOF

Level4

Level3

h4
h3
Level2

4
Target=H/400 At Level 4:
Overall Drift = 4 / h4 4
Story Drift = 4 / (h4 h3 )

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DriftControl
Frame StrengthDesign

20

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DriftControl
Frame DriftDesign(Noncomposite)

21

DriftControl

WasthatAddedTonnageNecessary?
StandardPracticetoDesignasSteelOnlyforLateralLoads
Conservative
UtilizeWhatisAlreadyThere ForFree

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DriftControl

WhatStiffnesstoUse?
SchaffhausenandWegmuller,MultistoryRigidFrameswith
CompositeGirdersUnderGravityandLateralForces,AISC
EngineeringJournal,2nd Quarter,1977,pp6877
(AsPresentedinAISCSteelDesignAfterCollege)
G.Forcier,AParametricStudyofCompositeFrame
Behavior,M.S.Thesis,UniversityofMinnesota,1990
AISCCommentary

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DriftControl
STIFFNESSZONES
A B C D

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DriftControl
STIFFNESSZONES
A B C D

LateralLoadOnly

25

DriftControl
STIFFNESSZONES
A B C D

Lateral+Gravity

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DriftControl
STIFFNESSZONES
A B C D

ZONE3 ZONE2 ZONE1

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DriftControl
STIFFNESSZONES
A B C D

ZONE3 ZONE2 ZONE1

Zone1=NegativeMomentRegion
Stiffness=BareSteelBeam
Length=LessthanL/2whereLisBeamSpan

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DriftControl
STIFFNESSZONES
A B C D

ZONE3 ZONE2 ZONE1

Zone2=DevelopedPositiveMomentRegion
Stiffness=IofCompositeSectionwithFullBeff
Length=GreaterthanL/2MinusLengthofZone3

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DriftControl
STIFFNESSZONES
Effective Width Zone 2

45
Effective
CL
Width Beam
Zone 3
45

Zone 3 Length

Zone3=UndevelopedPositiveMomentRegion
Stiffness=IofCompositeSectionwithEffectiveWidthEqualtoColumn
FlangeWidth(ConservativetoUseIofBareSteel)
Reference:SchaffhausenandWegmuller
2nd Quarter,EJ,1977

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DriftControl
STIFFNESSZONES
A B C D

ZONE3 ZONE2 ZONE1

Isitpracticalfordesignengineerstomodeltypicalbuildingswith
multiplemomentsofinertia?

31

DriftControl
A B C

ZONE3 ZONE2 ZONE1 ZONE3 ZONE2 ZONE1

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DriftControl
A B C

ZONE3 ZONE2 ZONE1 ZONE3 ZONE2 ZONE1

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DriftControl
A B C

ZONE3 ZONE2 ZONE1 ZONE3 ZONE2 ZONE1

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DriftControl
A B C

ZONE3 ZONE2 ZONE1 ZONE3 ZONE2 ZONE1

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DriftControl
A B C

ZONE1 ZONE3 ZONE2

IsolateBeamJointModeltoReviewImpact ofCompositeBeam
onRotationalStiffness
ConservativelyTreatingZone3asBareSteelBeam(ForNow)

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DriftControl

ZONE1 ZONE3 ZONE2

L1 L3 L2
Isteel Isteel Ic
Mo

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DriftControl

ZONE1 ZONE3 ZONE2 L1+L2+L3

L1 L3 L2 Idrift
Isteel Isteel Ic
Mo
= Mo

Thissimplebeammodelcanbeusedtocalculatewhatconstantmoment
ofInertiaIdriftwillprovidesamerotationangleasnonprismaticmodel.

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ZONE1 ZONE3 ZONE2 DriftControl

L1 L3 L2
Isteel Isteel Ic
Mo
1

39

ZONE1 ZONE3 ZONE2 DriftControl

L1 L3 L2
Isteel Isteel Ic
Mo
1

M 0 L1 1 L2 M 0 L32 M 0 L33 M 0 L32

1 2
3EI steel EI steel L2 L3 2 L2 6 L2 L2 L3 2 L2 L3
I steel M 0 L32
M 0 L3 M 0 L3
1 1 Ic 2 L2 L3
1/
1 2 I steel M 0 L32 M L L3
2
M 0 L33
0 2
I c L2 2 6 L2 L3 3

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DriftControl

ZONE1 ZONE3 ZONE2

LowerBoundParametricStudy: L3
L1 L2
ConservativelyAssumeZone1=L/2 Isteel Isteel Ic

ConservativelyAssumeZone3=Isteel
=L2 /L3 from1to5
=Ic /Isteel from1to3

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DriftControl

ZONE1 ZONE3 ZONE2

LowerBoundParametricStudy: L3 L2
L1
ConservativelyAssumeZone1=L/2 Isteel Isteel Ic

ConservativelyAssumeZone3=Isteel
=L2 /L3 from1to5
=Ic /Isteel from1to3

I drift LB 0.001 I steel 4.34 2 15 2 3 2 2 21.5 2 50 960

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DriftControl

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DriftControl

ZONE1 ZONE3 ZONE2

ParametricStudy: L3 L2
L1
ConservativelyAssumeZone1=L/2 Isteel Ic Ic

AssumeZone3:InertiaIcbasedon
maximumof=1.5and(1+ )/2
=L2 /L3 from1to5
=Ic /Isteel from1to3
I drift 0.001 I steel 17.1 2 70.6 2 16.7 2 2 76.8 2 15.4 1180

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DriftControl

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DriftControl

ZONE1 ZONE3 ZONE2

UpperBoundStudy: L3
L1 L2
AssumeL3 FullyDeveloped=Ic Isteel Ic Ic

CanSolveDirectly

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ZONE1 ZONE2 DriftControl

L1 L2=L1 EachSide=L1
Isteel Ic Idrift

Mo
= Mo

M0 L1 ML M0 L1 ML
1 2 0 1 1 2 0 1
3EIc 3EI steel 3EIdrift 3EIdrift
1 1 M0 L1 1 1 M0 L1
1/ 1/
1 2 3E(Ic I steel ) 1 2 6EIdrift

47

ZONE1 ZONE2 DriftControl

L1 L2=L1 EachSide=L1
Isteel Ic Idrift

Mo
= Mo

M0 L1 ML
0 1
3E(Ic I steel ) 6EIdrift
1 1

3(Ic I steel ) 6Idrift

Idrift upper 0.5I steel 0.5Ic

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May18,2015 Session4:AdvancedCompositeBeamTopics

DriftControl

WhatStiffnesstoUse?
SchaffhausenandWegmuller,MultistoryRigidFrameswith
CompositeGirdersUnderGravityandLateralForces,AISC
EngineeringJournal,2nd Quarter,1977,pp6877
(AsPresentedinAISCSteelDesignAfterCollege)
G.Forcier,AParametricStudyofCompositeFrame
Behavior,M.S.Thesis,UniversityofMinnesota,1990
AISCCommentary

49

DriftControl

LeonandForcier

Moreadvancedparametricstudyonlowriseframes
controlledbystiffness
Beginwithsimilarmodel(halfspanpositiveandhalfspan
negativebending).
Splitbeamsinto10segmentsanditeratedtoassigneither
positiveornegativebendingstiffnessontoeachsegment

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May18,2015 Session4:AdvancedCompositeBeamTopics

DriftControl

LeonandForcier

I drift 0.6 I steel 0.4 I LB

where :
I drift Equivalent Moment of Inertia for Drift Calcs
I steel Bare Steel Moment of Inertia
I LB Lower Bound Moment of Inertia Per AISC Eq. C-I3-1
(As Tabulated in Manual Table 3-20)

51

DriftControl

WhatStiffnesstoUse?
SchaffhausenandWegmuller,MultistoryRigidFrameswith
CompositeGirdersUnderGravityandLateralForces,AISC
EngineeringJournal,2nd Quarter,1977,pp6877
(AsPresentedinAISCSteelDesignAfterCollege)
G.Forcier,AParametricStudyofCompositeFrame
Behavior,M.S.Thesis,UniversityofMinnesota,1990
AISCCommentary

52

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DriftControl

AISCCommentarySectionI3.2

53

DriftControl

AISCCommentarySectionI3.2

I steel I eff
I drift
2
where :
I drift Average Moment of Inertia for Drift Calcs
I steel Bare Steel Moment of Inertia
I eff Effective Moment of Inertia Per AISC Eq. C-I3-4

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DriftControl

ExampleProblem

55

DriftControl

ExampleProblem
Isteel ofW21x50=984in4
ILB=?
Ieff=?

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May18,2015 Session4:AdvancedCompositeBeamTopics

DriftControl

3 in. deck with 3 in. concrete topping

f c 4 ksi
beff 57 in.
Qn 21.5 kips/anchor
30 total anchors

ILB determinedfromComm.Eq.CI31:
Qn
I LB I steel As YENA d3 2d3 d1 YENA
2 2

Fy

.ORfromManualTable320

57

DriftControl
Qn 15anchors 21.5 kips/anchor
323kips
C Qn
a
0.85 f 'c beff
323 kips

0.85 4 ksi 57 in.
1.67 in.
d1 tslab a / 2
6.00in. 1.67 in./2
5.17 in. Fig.CI3.3
d3 d / 2
20.8 in./2
10.4in.

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May18,2015 Session4:AdvancedCompositeBeamTopics

Qn
DriftControl
Fy 3
As d3 2d d1
YENA
Qn
As
Fy

323kips

14.7 in.2 10.4in. 2 10.4 in. 5.17 in.
50 ksi
15.2 in.
323 kips
14.7 in.2
50 ksi
Qn
I steel As YENA d3
Fy 3 1 ENA
2 2
I LB 2d d Y

323 kips
984in.4 14.7 in. 15.2 in. 10.4 in. 2 10.4in. 5.17 in. 15.2 in.
2 2

50 ksi
2073 in.4

59

DriftControl

ExampleProblem
Isteel ofW21x50=984in4
ILB=2073in4
Ieff=?

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May18,2015 Session4:AdvancedCompositeBeamTopics

DriftControl

Ieff determinedfromComm.Eq.CI34:

I equiv I steel Q
n / Cf I tr I steel

Ieff=?xIequiv
Latestresearchindicatesnoreductionrequired
SeeAISCDesignExampleI2forcompletebyhand
exampleofIeff determination
Mostcommonmethodofcalculationis

61

DriftControl

Ieff determinedfromComm.Eq.CI34:

I equiv I steel Q
n / Cf I tr I steel

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May18,2015 Session4:AdvancedCompositeBeamTopics

DriftControl

ExampleProblem
Isteel ofW21x50=984in4
ILB=2073in4
Ieff =2440in4

63

DriftControl

CompareDriftCalculationMethods
BeamRotationModel
LeonandForcier
AISCCommentary

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May18,2015 Session4:AdvancedCompositeBeamTopics

DriftControl

CompareDriftCalculationMethods
BeamRotationModel

ZONE1 ZONE3 ZONE2

Isteel =984in4 L1 L3 L2
Inc Inc Ic
=Ic /Isteel
=L2 /L3

65

DriftControl

CompareDriftCalculationMethods
EdgeBeam
Effective Width

45
Zone 2

Effective
CL
Width Beam
Zone 3

Zone 3 Length

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May18,2015 Session4:AdvancedCompositeBeamTopics

DriftControl

CompareDriftCalculationMethods
Parameters
L 30 ft = 360 in.
L3 beff eos 57 in. 12 in. 45 in.
L2 ( L / 2) L3 360 in. 2 45 in. 135 in.
L2 L3 3.0 1.0 5.0 o.k.

Ic 2440 in.4
2.48 1.0 3.0 o.k.
I steel 984 in.4

67

DriftControl

CompareDriftCalculationMethods
BeamRotationModel(LowerBound)

I drift LB 0.001 I steel 4.34 2 15 2 3 2 2 21.5 2 50 960

I drift LB
0.001 4.34 2.48 3.0 15 3.0 2.48 3 2.48 3.0
2 2 2 2

I steel

21.5 3.0 50 3.0 960

2

I drift LB
1.17
I steel

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May18,2015 Session4:AdvancedCompositeBeamTopics

DriftControl

CompareDriftCalculationMethods
BeamRotationModel

I drift 0.001 I steel 17.1 2 70.6 2 16.7 2 2 76.8 2 15.4 1180

I drift
0.001 17.1 2.48 3.0 70.6 3.0 2.48 16.7 2.48 3.0
2 2 2 2

I steel

76.8 3.0 15.4 3.0 1180

2

I drift
1.50
I steel

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DriftControl

CompareDriftCalculationMethods
BeamRotationModel LowerBound(IdriftLB /Isteel =1.17)
BeamRotationModel(IdriftLB /Isteel =1.50)
LeonandForcier
I drift 0.6 I steel 0.4 I LB
I drift I
0.6 0.4 LB
I steel I steel
2073 in.4
0.6 0.4 4
984 in.
1.44

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May18,2015 Session4:AdvancedCompositeBeamTopics

DriftControl

CompareDriftCalculationMethods
BeamRotationModel LowerBound(IdriftLB /Isteel =1.17)
BeamRotationModel(IdriftLB /Isteel =1.50)
LeonandForcier(Idrift /Isteel =1.44)

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DriftControl

CompareDriftCalculationMethods
BeamRotationModel LowerBound(IdriftLB /Isteel =1.17)
BeamRotationModel(IdriftLB /Isteel =1.50)
LeonandForcier (Idrift /Isteel =1.44)
AISCCommentary

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May18,2015 Session4:AdvancedCompositeBeamTopics

DriftControl

CompareDriftCalculationMethods
BeamRotationModel LowerBound(IdriftLB /Isteel =1.17)
BeamRotationModel(IdriftLB /Isteel =1.50)
LeonandForcier (Idrift /Isteel =1.44)
AISCCommentary
I steel I eff
I drift
2
I drift I eff
0.5 0.5
I steel I steel
2440 in.4
0.5 0.5 4
1.74
984 in.

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DriftControl

CompareDriftCalculationMethods
BeamRotationModel LowerBound(IdriftLB /Isteel =1.17)
BeamRotationModel(IdriftLB /Isteel =1.50)
LeonandForcier (Idrift /Isteel =1.44)
AISCCommentary(Idrift /Isteel =1.74)
Whichonewouldyouuse???

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May18,2015 Session4:AdvancedCompositeBeamTopics

DriftControl
UpdatedFrameResults

75

DriftControl
UpdatedFrameResults

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DriftControl
UpdatedFrameResults

OverallDriftReducedbyApprox.20%inthisExample
UtilizingSlabResultedinW21x50havingtheequivalent
stiffnessofaW21x68(withCommentaryMethod)

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DriftControl

TopicSummary
CanIncreaseBareBeamStiffnessby20%60%forDrift
ControlbyLookingatCompositeActioninPositiveMoment
Regions
DependingonFrameConfigurationthisCanResultinDrift
ReductionsinRangeof10%to30%
UtilizeWhatisAlreadyThere ForFree
UsingASmearedMomentofInertiaApproachisSimpleto
Apply
NegativeMomentRegionReinforcement???

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May18,2015 Session4:AdvancedCompositeBeamTopics

Outline

Session4:AdvancedCompositeBeamTopics

Part1:DriftControl
Part2:CompositeCollectorBeams

79

CollectorBeams

CompositeCollectorBeams TheBasics

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CollectorBeams

CompositeCollectorBeams TheBasics

81

CollectorBeams

CompositeCollectorBeams TheBasics

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CollectorBeams

CompositeCollectorBeams TheBasics

83

CollectorBeams

CompositeCollectorBeams TheBasics

V=wL/2

V=wL/2

w(plf)
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CollectorBeams

CompositeCollectorBeams TheBasics

85

CollectorBeams

CompositeCollectorBeams TheBasics

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CollectorBeams

CompositeCollectorBeams Resources
AISCSpecificationandCommentary

87

CollectorBeams

CompositeCollectorBeams Resources
Sabelli,R.,Sabol,T.A.,andEasterling,S.W.(2011),NEHRPSeismicDesignof
CompositeSteelDeckandConcreteFilledDiaphragms AGuideforPracticing
Engineers,NISTGCR1191710,NEHRPSeismicDesignTechnicalBriefNo.5,NIST,
Gaithersburg,MD.
SDI(2004),DiaphragmDesignManual,ThirdEdition(SDIDDMO3),SteelDeck
Institute,FoxGrove,IL.
Burmeister,S.andJacobs,W.P.(2008),UnderFoot:HorizontalFloorDiaphragm
LoadEffectsonCompositeBeamDesigns,ModernSteelConstruction,AISC,
December.
Prasad,B.K.,Thompson,D.S.,Sabelli,R.(2009),NCSEAGuidetotheDesignof
Diaphragms,ChordsandCollectors,ICC,CountryClubHills,IL

88

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May18,2015 Session4:AdvancedCompositeBeamTopics

CollectorBeams

CompositeCollectorBeams ACloserLook

W16x40
L=226
Mu =225kipft (1st Order)

Pu =200kips
6NWSlab
(3,20Ga.Deck+3Concrete)
Spanning100w/1stud/ft

89

CollectorBeams

CompositeCollectorBeams ACloserLook

90

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May18,2015 Session4:AdvancedCompositeBeamTopics

CollectorBeams

CompositeCollectorBeams ACloserLook

91

CollectorBeams

CompositeCollectorBeams ACloserLook

92

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AmericanInstituteofSteelConstruction 46
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May18,2015 Session4:AdvancedCompositeBeamTopics

CollectorBeams

SomeQuestions
WhatistheEffectoftheEccentricityoftheDiaphragmto
theConnection/BeamCenterline?
WhatAxialCapacityShouldBeUsed?
WhatAboutSecondOrderEffects?
HowtoTakeAdvantageofCompositeFlexuralCapacity?
ShearAnchors?

93

CollectorBeams

Eccentricity

IvegotaP
P
Ivegotane
e
Sooo.M???

94

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May18,2015 Session4:AdvancedCompositeBeamTopics

CollectorBeams

Eccentricity

W36 20ft.Long
100kipsAppliedat24in.eccentricity

95

CollectorBeams

Eccentricity

W36 20ft.Long
100kipsAppliedat24in.eccentricity

96

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May18,2015 Session4:AdvancedCompositeBeamTopics

CollectorBeams

Eccentricity

Moment=Pe/2=1,200inkips

97

CollectorBeams

Eccentricity

Moment=Pe/2=1,200inkips
Reactions=Shear=Pe/L=10kips

98

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AmericanInstituteofSteelConstruction 49
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May18,2015 Session4:AdvancedCompositeBeamTopics

CollectorBeams

Eccentricity

WhatifAppliedShearisDistributedat3Points?
SameTotalP Samee

99

CollectorBeams

Eccentricity

WhatifAppliedShearisDistributedat3Points?
SameTotalP Samee

100

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May18,2015 Session4:AdvancedCompositeBeamTopics

CollectorBeams

Eccentricity

MaxInternalMomentCutinHalf(600in.kips)

101

CollectorBeams

Eccentricity

MaxInternalMomentCutinHalf(600in.kips)
Shear/ReactionstheSame

102

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May18,2015 Session4:AdvancedCompositeBeamTopics

CollectorBeams

Eccentricity

Splititagain nowat7discretelocations
SameTotalP Samee

103

CollectorBeams

Eccentricity

Splititagain nowat7discretelocations
SameTotalP Samee

104

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May18,2015 Session4:AdvancedCompositeBeamTopics

CollectorBeams

Eccentricity

Maxinternalmomentcutinhalfagain now300in.kips
Thistrendwillcontinueadinfinitum

105

CollectorBeams

Eccentricity

Maxinternalmomentcutinhalfagain now300in.kips
Externalreactionsandshearalwaysholdconstant

106

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May18,2015 Session4:AdvancedCompositeBeamTopics

CollectorBeams

Eccentricity

A B

vL
d
A : R B L 0
2
V d
R B vd/2 beam
2L

107

CollectorBeams

Eccentricity

A B

vL
d
A : R B L 0
2
Vbeam d 200 kips 16 in.
R B vd/2 5.92 kips
2L 2 22.5 ft 12 in./ft

108

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May18,2015 Session4:AdvancedCompositeBeamTopics

CollectorBeams

Eccentricity
f1 vL vx
vd
f2
2
A d
M A vx f 2 x f1 0 m1 0
2
d vd
vx x 0 m1 0
2 2
solve for m1 m1 0

Ifdiaphragmshearsareassumedtobeappliedina
continuousdistributedfashion beammoment=0.

109

CollectorBeams

SomeQuestions
WhatistheEffectoftheEccentricityoftheDiaphragmto
theConnection/BeamCenterline?
WhatAxialCapacityShouldBeUsed?
WhatAboutSecondOrderEffects?
HowtoTakeAdvantageofCompositeFlexuralCapacity?
ShearAnchors?

110

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May18,2015 Session4:AdvancedCompositeBeamTopics

CollectorBeams

AxialCapacity
WhatControls?
(a)FlexuralBucklingAboutStrongAxis
(b)FlexuralBucklingAboutWeakAxis
(c)TorsionalBuckling
(d)Other?

111

CollectorBeams

AxialCapacity
Major(Strong)AxisBuckling KL=FullLengthofBeam
BetweenSupports

AISCSpec.ChapterE
ForthisMemberwhichisSlender
(SlenderWeb)itisMostExpedientto
UseTablesinPart6ofSteelManual

112

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May18,2015 Session4:AdvancedCompositeBeamTopics

CollectorBeams

AxialCapacity
Major(Strong)AxisBuckling KL=FullLengthofBeam
BetweenSupports
KL y 22.5 ft
KLx , EQUIV 5.33 ft Enter Table 6-1
rx ry 4.22

113

CollectorBeams

AxialCapacity

p 2.26 10 3

114

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May18,2015 Session4:AdvancedCompositeBeamTopics

CollectorBeams

AxialCapacity
Major(Strong)AxisBuckling KL=FullLengthofBeam
BetweenSupports

p 2.26 10 3 Table 6-1, LRFD

1
c Pn x 442 kips (compare to 448.8 kips "exact")
p
c Pnx Pu o.k.

115

CollectorBeams

AxialCapacity
Minor(Weak)AxisBuckling ConservativetoAssumeFull
UnbracedLengthforWeakAxisBuckling
GenerallyBareDeckIsAdequateto
ProvideLateralBrace(Particularlywith
RibsPerpendiculartotheBeam)
CompositeSlabWillDefinitelyActasa
Brace

116

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May18,2015 Session4:AdvancedCompositeBeamTopics

CollectorBeams

AxialCapacity
Minor(Weak)AxisBuckling ConservativetoAssumeFull
Unbraced LengthforWeakAxisBuckling

KL y 22.5 ft Enter Table 6-1

117

CollectorBeams

p 11.1 10 3

118

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May18,2015 Session4:AdvancedCompositeBeamTopics

CollectorBeams

AxialCapacity
Minor(Weak)AxisBuckling ConservativetoAssumeFull
Unbraced LengthforWeakAxisBuckling

p 11.1 10 3 Table 6-1, LRFD

1
c Pn y 90.1kips (compare to 90.1 kips "exact")
p
c Pny Pu n.g.

119

CollectorBeams

AxialCapacity
TorsionalBuckling

GenerallyDoesNotControlOverWeakAxis
BucklingforStandardRolledShapes
SpecificationSectionE4

120

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May18,2015 Session4:AdvancedCompositeBeamTopics

CollectorBeams

AxialCapacity
2 EC 1
Fe w
GJ Spec. Eq. E4 - 4
K z L I x I y
2

2 29, 000 ksi 1, 730 in.

11, 200 ksi 0.794 in.4
1
4
1.0 22.5 ft 12 in./ft
2 4
518 in. 28.9 in.
28.7 ksi
Though Web is Slender it can be shown for this case that Q a 1.0
Fy 50 ksi
1.74 2.25 u se Spec. Eq. E3 - 2
Fe 28.7 ksi
Fy

Fcr 0.658 FE Fy 0.658 50 ksi 24.1 ksi

1.74

c Pn 0.9 Fcr Ag 0.9 24.1 ksi 11.8 in.2 256 kips

TorsionalBucklingStrength=256kips

121

CollectorBeams

AxialCapacity
TorsionalBuckling

GenerallyDoesNotControlOverWeakAxis
BucklingforStandardRolledShapes
SpecificationSectionE4

122

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May18,2015 Session4:AdvancedCompositeBeamTopics

CollectorBeams

AxialCapacity

ConstrainedAxisFlexuralTorsionalBuckling

123

CollectorBeams

AxialCapacity

ConstrainedAxisFlexuralTorsionalBuckling
Timoshenko,S.P.andGereJ.M.(1961),Theoryof
ElasticStability,McGrawHill,NewYorkNY.
AISCDesignGuide25(2011) p36
AISCSeismicDesignManual(2012) pp85:87
Liu,D.,Davis,B.,Arber,L.andSabelli,r.(2013),
TorsionalandConstrainedAxisFlexuralTorsional
BucklingTablesforSteelWShapesinCompression,
EngineeringJournal,AISC,FourthQuarter

124

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May18,2015 Session4:AdvancedCompositeBeamTopics

CollectorBeams

AxialCapacity

ConstrainedAxisFlexuralTorsionalBuckling

NotCurrentlyCoveredinSteelConstruction
Manual

125

CollectorBeams

AxialCapacity

ConstrainedAxisFlexuralTorsionalBuckling

NotCurrentlyCoveredinSteelConstruction
Manualbutcomingsoon.

126

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May18,2015 Session4:AdvancedCompositeBeamTopics

CollectorBeams

AxialCapacity

ConstrainedAxisFlexuralTorsionalBuckling

NotCurrentlyCoveredinSteelConstruction
Manualbutcomingsoon.
Helwig,T.A.,andYura,J.A.(1999),Torsional
BracingofColumns,JournalofStructural
Engineering,ASCE,Vol.125,No.5,pp.547
555.

127

CollectorBeams

AxialCapacity

ConstrainedAxisFlexuralTorsionalBuckling

E Cw I y a
2 2
1
Fe 0.9 GJ
Kz L I x I y a Ag
2 2

AfterSeismicManualEq.82
Includes0.9StiffnessReductionFactor

128

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May18,2015 Session4:AdvancedCompositeBeamTopics

CollectorBeams

129

CollectorBeams

130

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May18,2015 Session4:AdvancedCompositeBeamTopics

CollectorBeams

131

CollectorBeams

132

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May18,2015 Session4:AdvancedCompositeBeamTopics

CollectorBeams

133

CollectorBeams

Reference:HelwigandYura,Torsional
BracingofColumns,J.Struct.Eng.,May,1999

134

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May18,2015 Session4:AdvancedCompositeBeamTopics

CollectorBeams

Reference:HelwigandYura,Torsional
BracingofColumns,J.Struct.Eng.,May,1999

135

CollectorBeams

2 E C I d / 2 2
w y GJ 1
Fe 0.9
KzL I x I y d / 2 Ag
2 2

2
29, 000 ksi 1, 730 in. 28.9 in. 16 in. / 2
4 2

4
0.9 11, 200 ksi 0.794 in.
1.0 22.5 ft 12 in./ft
2

1

518 in. 28.9 in. 16 in. / 2 11.8 in.
4 4 2

15.9 ksi

136

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May18,2015 Session4:AdvancedCompositeBeamTopics

CollectorBeams

Though Web is Slender it can be shown for this case that Q a 1.0
Fy 50 ksi
3.15 2.25 use Spec. Eq. E3 - 3
Fe 15.9 ksi
Fcr 0.877 Fe 0.877 17.6 ksi 13.9 ksi
c Pn 0.9 Fcr Ag 0.9 13.9 ksi 11.8 in.2 148 kips
c Pn Pu n.g.

137

CollectorBeams

138

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May18,2015 Session4:AdvancedCompositeBeamTopics

CollectorBeams

TorsionalBuckling=256kips(matches)

139

CollectorBeams

TorsionalBuckling=256kips(matches)
CAFTB=149kips(vs.148kips)

140

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May18,2015 Session4:AdvancedCompositeBeamTopics

CollectorBeams

ApproximateAlternate

c Pn c Fy b f t f 8tw 2
8tw
0.9 50 ksi 7.0 in. 0.505 in. 8 0.305 in.
2

193 kips

AISCDesignExampleIII84/85

141

CollectorBeams

AxialCapacity
FlexuralBucklingAboutMajorAxis=442kips
FlexuralBucklingAboutMinorAxis=90.0kips
TorsionalBuckling=256kips
ConstrainedAxisFlexuralTorsionalBuckling=148kips

142

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May18,2015 Session4:AdvancedCompositeBeamTopics

CollectorBeams

AxialCapacity
FlexuralBucklingAboutMajorAxis=442kips
FlexuralBucklingAboutMinorAxis=90.0kips
TorsionalBuckling=256kips
ConstrainedAxisFlexuralTorsionalBuckling=148kips

143

CollectorBeams

144

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May18,2015 Session4:AdvancedCompositeBeamTopics

CollectorBeams

145

CollectorBeams
RequiredStiffnessforContinuousTorsionalBracing

UtilizeEquation(14)fromHelwigandYura,1999asaBasis
ReArrangeTerms/Substituteina=d/2
ModifyforContinuousInsteadofDiscreteBracing
UtilizeSpec.Appendix6toAccountforWebDistortion
UtilizeTautoAccountforStiffnessReductions

146

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May18,2015 Session4:AdvancedCompositeBeamTopics

CollectorBeams
RequiredStiffnessforContinuousTorsionalBracing

T
Tb Spec.Eq. A-6-10
1 T sec
1.5 Pr rs Pny d 2
2 * 2 2

T Eq.1
a EI y d 2
3.3 Et w 3
sec Spec.Eq. A-6-13
12 ho

147

CollectorBeams
RequiredStiffnessforContinuousTorsionalBracing

Tb Required Brace Stiffness (kips-in./rad per unit length)

T Overall Brace System Stiffness (kips-in./rad per unit length)
sec Web Distortional Stiffness (kips-in./rad per unit length)
Pr Required Strength in Axial Compression (kips)
rs 2 rx 2 ry 2 d 2
2

Pny* 0.877 a Pey (kips) - Strength Associated with Stiffness Contribution (kips)
2 EI y
Pey - Weak Axis Buckling Strength over Full Column Length (kips)
L2y
a 2.724 Pr QPy ln Pr / QPy when Pr / Py 0.39
1.0 when Pr / Py 0.39
Q Net Reduction Factor from Spec. Section E7 evaluated at Pr
Py As Fy (kips)

148

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May18,2015 Session4:AdvancedCompositeBeamTopics

CollectorBeams
RequiredStiffnessforContinuousTorsionalBracing

Pr 200 kips (Given)

Pr 200 kips
0.34 a 1.0
Py 11.8 in.2 50 ksi

rs 2 6.63 in. 1.57 in. 16 in. / 2 110 in.2

2 2 2

2 29, 000 ksi 28.9 in.4

Pey 114 kips
22.5 ft 12 in./ft
2

Pny* 0.877 1.0 114 kips 99.5 kips

149

CollectorBeams
RequiredStiffnessforContinuousTorsionalBracing

2
99.5 kips 16 in.
2

200 kips 110 in.

2

2
1.5
T
1.0 29, 000 ksi 28.9 in. 16 in.
4 2

0.81 kips-in./rad/in. length

3.3 29, 000 ksi 0.305 in.
3

sec 14.6 kips-in./rad/in. length

12 16 in. 0.505 in.
0.81
Tb 0.86 kips-in./rad/in. length
1 0.81
14.6

150

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May18,2015 Session4:AdvancedCompositeBeamTopics

CollectorBeams
RequiredStiffnessforContinuousTorsionalBracing

RequiredStiffnessis0.86kipsin/radperinchofbeam
CheckProvidedUsingJusttheDeckinSingleCurvature
ProvidedStiffness=2EI/L
MomentofInertiaof3in.20Ga.Deck=0.920in4/ft
0.920 in.2 / ft
2 29, 000 ksi
12 in./ft
provided 37.0 kips-in/rad
10 ft 12 in./ft

StiffnessofJustDeckisSufficienttoIncreaseAvailableStrength

151

CollectorBeams
RequiredStiffnessforContinuousTorsionalBracing

Whataboutconcretestiffness?
CancalculateperANSI/SDIC2011
TabulatedinSDIsFloorDeckDesignManual

Ref:Sputo,T.(2014),FloorDeckDesignManual,1st Ed.,
SteelDeckInstitute,Glenshaw,PA.

152

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May18,2015 Session4:AdvancedCompositeBeamTopics

CollectorBeams
RequiredStiffnessforContinuousTorsionalBracing

Whataboutconcretestiffness?
CancalculateperANSI/SDIC2011
TabulatedinSDIsFloorDeckDesignManual

13.34 in.2 / ft
2 29, 000 ksi
12 in./ft
provided 537 kips-in/rad
10 ft 12 in./ft

153

CollectorBeams

154

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May18,2015 Session4:AdvancedCompositeBeamTopics

CollectorBeams
RequiredStiffnessforContinuousTorsionalBracing

UtilizingStiffnessProvidedforthisExampleYields:

provided 37 kips-in/rad (deck only)

c Pn 329 kips

provided 537 kips-in/rad (composite slab)

c Pn 349 kips

155

CollectorBeams
RequiredStiffnessforContinuousTorsionalBracingto
PreventConstrainedAxisTorsionalBuckling
Cw <= (in^6)
Length (ft) 100.0 1000.0 3000.0 10000.0 30000.0 50000.0 100000.0 300000.0 1130000.0
10 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0%
15 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0%
20 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 99.2% 94.2% 95.1% 92.6%
25 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 99.7% 93.9% 87.6% 85.8% 82.3%
30 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 97.2% 89.4% 81.9% 76.9% 72.6%
35 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 95.1% 85.8% 77.3% 69.2% 64.3%
40 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 93.6% 82.9% 73.7% 63.0% 57.7%
45 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 92.0% 80.7% 70.8% 58.1% 52.5%
50 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 90.7% 79.0% 68.5% 54.4% 48.7%

TableIndicates%PureTorsionalBucklingStrengthAchievedwith
ProvidedStiffnessof37kipin/in(20Ga.3in.Deck/10ft/1way)
OurW16x40hasaCwof1,730in6

156

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May18,2015 Session4:AdvancedCompositeBeamTopics

CollectorBeams
RequiredStiffnessforContinuousTorsionalBracingto
PreventConstrainedAxisTorsionalBuckling
Cw <= (in^6)
Length (ft) 100.0 1000.0 3000.0 10000.0 30000.0 50000.0 100000.0 300000.0 1130000.0
10 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0%
15 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0%
20 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0%
25 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0%
30 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 99.2%
35 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 96.6%
40 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 99.7% 94.4%
45 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 98.3% 92.7%
50 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 97.1% 91.4%

TableIndicates%PureTorsionalBucklingStrengthAchievedwith
ProvidedStiffnessof477kipin/in(3.25in.LWConc.on3in.20
Ga.Deck/10ft/1way)

157

CollectorBeams

RequiredStrengthforContinuousTorsionalBracingto
PreventConstrainedAxisTorsionalBuckling

T
M rb Eq.2
500 d

=
0.86 kips-in/rad 1000 lb/kip
500 16 in.
0.11 lb-in / inch spacing between connectors

158

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May18,2015 Session4:AdvancedCompositeBeamTopics

CollectorBeams

RequiredStrengthforContinuousTorsionalBracingto
PreventConstrainedAxisTorsionalBuckling

T
M rb Eq.2
500 d

=
537 kips-in/rad 1000 lb/kip
500 16 in.
67 lb-in / inch of spacing between connectors
= 67 lb-in / inch 24 in.
1, 611 lb-in

159

CollectorBeams

RequiredStrengthforContinuousTorsionalBracingto
PreventConstrainedAxisTorsionalBuckling
T
C
M RB
C T
bf 3
1, 611 lb in
T 77 lbs negligible
7 in. 3 in.

160

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May18,2015 Session4:AdvancedCompositeBeamTopics

CollectorBeams

AxialCapacitySummary
FlexuralBucklingAboutMajorAxis=442kips
FlexuralBucklingAboutMinorAxis=90.0kips
TorsionalBuckling=256kips
ConstrainedAxisFlexuralTorsionalBuckling=148kips
ConstrainedAxisFlexuralTorsionalBucklingw/Continuous
TorsionalBracing=349 kips

161

CollectorBeams

SomeQuestions
WhatistheEffectoftheEccentricityoftheDiaphragmto
theConnection/BeamCenterline?
WhatAxialCapacityShouldBeUsed?
WhatAboutSecondOrderEffects?
HowtoTakeAdvantageofCompositeFlexuralCapacity?
ShearAnchors?

162

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May18,2015 Session4:AdvancedCompositeBeamTopics

CollectorBeams

SecondOrderEffects
AxialForceinCollectorwillMagnifyGravityMoments
AccountforwithDirectAnalysis(ChapterC)OR
TheOldFashionedWay(EffectiveLengthMethod Appendix7
withApproximateSecondOrderAnalysis)

163

CollectorBeams

SecondOrderEffects EffectiveLength
K=1.0,FullStiffness
Appendix8 ApproximateSecondOrderAnalysis
Allofthemomentonadragstrutistypicallynontranslational
Mnt moment(unlesspartofamomentframe).
CompositeStiffness?

164

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CollectorBeams

SecondOrderEffects EffectiveLength
M r B1M nt B2 M lt (A-8-1)
Cm
B1 (A-8-3 LRFD)
1 Pu Pe1
Cm 1.0 typ. for collectors
2 EI x*
Pe1 (A-8-5 About Major Axis)
( K1 Lx ) 2
EI x* EI x for Equiv. Length Method

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CollectorBeams

SecondOrderEffects EffectiveLength

2 29, 000 ksi 518 in.4

Pe1 2034 kips
1.0 22.5 ft 12 in./ft
2

1.0
B1 1.11
1 200 kips 2034 kips

M r B1M nt 1.11 225 kip-ft 250 kip-ft

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CollectorBeams

SecondOrderEffects DirectAnalysis
K=1.0
UseReducedStiffness(b)
CouldStillUseAppendix8 ApproximateSecondOrder
Analysis(B1/B2)
InPracticeTypicallyUseRigorousSecondOrderAnalysis
whenusingtheDirectAnalysisMethod
MemberSlendernessMagnification(P)istypicallyaddressed
bysplittinganalysismemberintoseveralsegments.This
producesamplificationsanalogoustoB1.

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CollectorBeams

SecondOrderEffects DirectAnalysis

APPLIEDLOADS

FIRSTORDER:Mu =225kipft

SECONDORDER:Mu =259kipft
EffectiveB1=259/225=1.15

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CollectorBeams

SecondOrderEffects DirectAnalysis

APPLIEDLOADS

FIRSTORDER:Mu =225kipft

SECONDORDER(NOTau):Mu =251kipft
EffectiveB1=251/225=1.11(MATCHESHANDCALC)

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CollectorBeams

SomeQuestions
WhatistheEffectoftheEccentricityoftheDiaphragmto
theConnection/BeamCenterline?
WhatAxialCapacityShouldBeUsed?
WhatAboutSecondOrderEffects?
HowtoTakeAdvantageofCompositeFlexuralCapacity?
ShearAnchors?

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CollectorBeams

Interaction

FromCommentarytoI7

171

CollectorBeams

Interaction
When Pu / c Pn 0.2

Pu 8 Mu
I
c Pn STEEL _ ONLY 9 b M n COMPOSITE

When Pu / c Pn 0.2

Pu Mu
I
2 c Pn STEEL _ ONLY b M n COMPOSITE

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CollectorBeams

Interaction
ControllingNoncompositeAxialStrength=349kips
CompositeMomentStrength=420kipft
(40%Compositewith1stud/ft)
Pu =200kips,Mu =250kipft

200 kips / 349 kips 0.57 0.2

200 kips 8 250 kip-ft
I 1.10 1.0 n.g.
349 kips 9 420 kip-ft

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CollectorBeams

SomeQuestions
WhatistheEffectoftheEccentricityoftheDiaphragmto
theConnection/BeamCenterline?
WhatAxialCapacityShouldBeUsed?
WhatAboutSecondOrderEffects?
HowtoTakeAdvantageofCompositeFlexuralCapacity?
ShearStuds(akaSteelHeadedStudAnchors)?

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CollectorBeams

ShearAnchors
AdditionalAnchorsBeyondthoseRequiredForFlexural
StrengthareOftenUnnecessary

175

CollectorBeams

ShearAnchors

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CollectorBeams

ShearAnchors
WhatAnchorStrengthtoUse?

177

CollectorBeams

Qn =17.2kips

WhataboutPhi?

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CollectorBeams

ShearAnchors
SectionI8.3aProvidesPhiandOmegaFactorsthatCanBeUsed
asaLowerBound

Qn =0.65(17.5kips)=11.4kips/stud

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CollectorBeams

ShearAnchors
ExampleProblem:

Pr 200 kips
nstuds 18 anchors
c Qn 11.4 kips/anchor

18reqd<22providedforflexuraldesign OK
Notethatingeneraltheslabshearcapacitywillgovernvs.
studrequirements(diaphragmcapacityapprox.5.5kips/ftso
studsat2o.c.willdevelopdiaphragm)

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May18,2015 Session4:AdvancedCompositeBeamTopics

CollectorBeams

Misc.Notes
RecommendedtoProvideMin.50%CompositeActiononCollector
BeamsEvenifUnnecessaryforFlexuralDesign
PerUserNoteinAISC341SectionD2.8,25%ReductionofStud
StrengthNotRqdforCollectorElementsSubjecttoAmplifiedSeismic
Load
OverstrengthFactorRqdinSeismicLoadCombinationsforCollector
BeamsEVENINSEISMICDESIGNCATEGORYCPerASCE710Sec.
12.10.2

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CollectorBeams

TopicSummary
EffectofDiaphragmtoConnectionEccentricityMayGenerallyBe
SafelyIgnored
ForCompositeSlabsitisLikelythatConstrainedAxisLateralTorsional
BucklingwillControlAxialStrengthanditisPossibletoAddresswith
TorsionalSlabRestraint
DontForgettoAccountforMomentMagnification
InteractionEffectstakeintoAccountCompositeFlexuraland
NoncompositeAxialStrengths
StudsforGravityGenerallyAcceptableforLateral HoldaMinimum
CompositeActionof50%ForDistribution

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May18,2015 Session4:AdvancedCompositeBeamTopics

Outline

Session4:AdvancedCompositeBeamTopics

Part1:DriftControl
Part2:CompositeCollectorBeams

Thankyou:

MarkDenavit,StanleyD.Lindsey&Associates,Ltd.
LarryGriffis,WalterPMoore
ToddHelwig,UniversityofTexas
RafaelSabelli,WalterPMoore

183

Design of Composite Floor Systems in Steel Framed Buildings

Schedule

Sam Easterling
April 27 - Introduction to Composite Construction in Floor Systems
May 4 - Fundamentals of Composite Beam Behavior and Design
May 11 - Composite Girder Design and Member Serviceability
Will Jacobs
May 18 - Advanced Composite Beam Topic
June 1 - Practical Implementation of Composite Floor Designs
Tom Murray
June 8 - Composite Floor Vibration Part I: Basics of Floor Vibration Analysis
June 22 - Composite Floor Vibration Part II: Walking Vibrations
June 29 - Composite Floor Vibration Part III: Special Considerations

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May18,2015 Session4:AdvancedCompositeBeamTopics

Session5:PracticalImplementationof
CompositeFloorDesigns

ReinforcingCompositeBeams
GuidelinesforOpeningsandSlabPenetrations
BestPracticesandTipsforCompositeDesigns

185

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