LAB SHEET

Programme Diploma in Electronic Engineering (Medical)

Course Code DEU3193 : Anatomy and Physiology

Title Cell And Osmosis Process

Lab. No. DEU3193/JKE/PW01.S01

LEARNING OUTCOME:
PLO5: Conduct the medical apparatus properly to enhance the understanding of human
anatomy and physiology.

CLO3: Conduct the apparatus properly to enhance the understanding of human anatomy and
physiology. (P2, PLO5)

SPECIFIC OBJECTIVE (SO) :

Upon completion of this laboratory, students should be able to:
i. To illustrate the structure of animal cells and plant cells observed under
light microscope
ii. To describe the effects of hypotonic, hypertonic and isotonic solutions on
animal cells and plant cells from the slides observed under light
microscope
iii. To understand the process of osmosis

ACTION NAME & DESIGNATION SIGNATURE DATE

Course Lecturer
Prepared by:

Programme Leader
Checked & approved by:

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THEORY :
Examples of osmosis

Effect of different solutions on blood cells

Plant cell under different environments

Osmotic pressure is the main cause of support in many plants. The osmotic entry of water raises the
turgor pressure exerted against the cell wall, until it equals the osmotic pressure, creating a steady
state.When a plant cell is placed in a hypertonic solution, the water in the cells moves to an area
higher in solute concentration and the cell shrinks, and in doing so, becomes flaccid. This means the
cell has become plasmolysed the cell membrane has completely left the cell wall due to lack of
water pressure on it; the opposite of turgid.
Also, osmosis is responsible for the ability of plant roots to draw water from the soil. Since there are
many fine roots, they have a large surface area, and water enters the roots by osmosis.
Osmosis can also be seen when potato slices are added to a high concentration of salt solution. The
water from inside the potato moves to the salt solution, causing the potato to shrink and to lose its
'turgor pressure'. The more concentrated the salt solution, the bigger the difference in size and weight
of the potato slice.
Suppose an animal or a plant cell is placed in a solution of sugar or salt in water.
If the medium is hypotonic a dilute solution, with a higher water concentration than the cell the
cell will gain water through osmosis.
If the medium is isotonic a solution with exactly the same water concentration as the cell there
will be no net movement of water across the cell membrane.
If the medium is hypertonic a concentrated solution, with a lower water concentration than the cell
the cell will lose water by osmosis.

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APPARATUS :
1. Microscope, Red Onion
2. Tap Water (Isotonic), glass slides
3. Paper Towel
4. Salt Water (Hypertonic)
5. Cover Slips
6. Pipettes
7. Distilled Water (Hypotonic)

SAFETY PRECAUTION :
1. Maintain a clean work area at all times.

PROCEDURE :
Part 1: Tap Water
1. The outer thick scale of the onion has been removed for you.
2. Peel off a small piece of the outside tissue of one layer (it should be red/purple).
3. Cut a small square of the tissue using a scalpel (if necessary).
4. Place the square on a slide and examine the cells under the light microscope
5. Add two drops of tap water.
6. Examine the slide under low power and switch to high power to make a drawing and label
accordingly.

Part 2: Salt Water

1. Place two or three drops of salt water on the same sample.
2. Wait for 1 minute
3. Examine the slide under low power and switch to high power to make a drawing and label
accordingly.

Part 3: Distilled Water

1. Place two or three drops of distilled water on the same sample.
2. Wait 2 minutes.
3. Examine the slide under low power and switch to high power to make a drawing (see results
section).

Repeat Part 1-3 using your own inner check cells (animal cells).

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Compare effect on cells in three solutions and discuss further.

RESULT:
Osmosis Initial cell Hypertonic Hypotonic Isotonic

Onion

Cheek cells

Table 1.0

DISCUSSION:
Discuss your observations from theoretical, simulation result and practical result. The Discussion
should start with a sentence or two in which you make a judgment as to whether your original
hypothesis (from the Theoretical) was supported, supported with qualifications, or not supported by
the findings. To improve the opening of your theoretical, make sure your judgment is stated clearly,
so that the reader can understand it. Provide sufficient and logical explanation for statement of
hypothesis. This should include the comments and discussion of the results, errors and their possible
sources. Back up statement with reference to appropriate findings

CONCLUSION:
Give your conclusion pertaining to the experiment. Conclude in detail the findings and the outcomes
of this experiment. This should include the possible sources and how this experiment can be
improved.

REFERENCES:
1. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osmosis
2. http://www.biologycorner.com/bio1/notes_diffusion.html
3. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7-QJ-UUX0iY

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 PRACTICAL REPORT
PRACTICAL WORK : 1
TITLE : Cell And Osmosis Process

Task Marks
1. Complete the table 1.0

Osmosis Initial cell Hypertonic Hypotonic Isotonic

Onion

Cheek
cells

2. Is the output the sum of the inputs?

3. Discuss your observations from theoretical, simulation result and practical result.

4. Give your conclusion pertaining to the experiment.

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