Inapulangan - Floral Diversity

Project Pagbangon
Philippine-Misereor Partnership, Inc.
FLORAL DIVERSITY ASSESSMENT IN INAPOLANGAN,

HOMONHON ISLAND, GUIUAN, EASTERN SAMAR
Anatolio N. Polinar
Abstract
An assessment was conducted in barangay Inapolangan, Guiaun, Eastern Samar to determine its floral
diversity. Baseline point in every site was first established prior to the plot lay-outing. Sampling plots
measuring 20 x 20 meters was preferentially selected and established in four (4) selected sites. From the
baseline plot, a variable number of plots were systematically established upstream at a plot distance of
200 meters.
Of all sites being evaluated site 4 was recorded having the most number of species. A total of 104
plant/tree species in 71 genera and 46 families had been identified and recorded. This was followed by
site 3 having 95 species in 69 genera and 44 families. Site 2 got the lowest number of species (48)
compared to site 1 (50). Mancono that belongs to the family of Myrtaceae with genus Syzygium was
found as the most abundant and frequently encountered species. This was followed by the species of
kolipapa, lipakon, pagoringon, bitanghol, mamalis, sagimsim, bantolinao, salago, pagoringon, laniteng
gubat, pagsahingin and batino. The other highly represented families in Site 4 were moraceae, fabaceae,
euphorbiaceae, ebenaceae, lammiaceae and malvaceae. In site 3, the families of Dipterocarpaceae 5
species) were recorded having the number of species. The families of malvaceae and myrtaceae were also
found to associate with the dominant family. As to species level, it was found that premium and
mangrove trees were also present in barangay Inapolangan. The most common premium trees were lanite,
kamagong, sudiang, tindalo and mancono. For mangrove trees; the species of busain, bakauan lalaki,
bakauan babae, pagatpat and tabigue were also recognized in the area.
The species diversity value ranged from 3.0125 to 3.6885. Site 3 got the highest diversity value of
3.6885. This was followed by site 4 and site 1 with diversity value of 3.5705 and 3.3660, respectively.
The lowest diversity index value (3.0125) was observed in site 2. It implies that Site 3 shows a
community which is more stable compared to site 1 and site 2 but slightly similar in terms of stability to
site 4 (3.5705) . As to species similary index, results reveal that both site 3 and 4 had a species similarity
index of 0.407 which indicates that these two habitats share only 41% of their species composition.
Distance between the study areas, similarity of climatic and edaphic factors played significant influence
in species composition. Human activities were also observed and could possibly be remedied by public
education and strict implementation of DENR policies, laws and regulations.
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Introduction
Forest is one among the most important biome on earth. It is considered as the most floristically diverse
habitat and a refuge of a diversity of life form. The presence of any other types of life form contributed
much to the stability of the forest. Each played different roles and contribution to species richness and
diversity. In the Philippines, forest is composed of at least 13,500 species which represent five percent of
the worlds flora. It is estimated that flowering plants is in between 8,000 and 12,000 species comprising
200 families and 1,500 genera; 20 % of which is unknown while 27% to 75 % is endemic (Sajise, 1997;
PAWB,1998). Of all life forms, trees are considered as the most important in a forest community. It
contains about 8,120+ species of angiosperms and 32 gymnosperms (PAWB, 1998) of which more than
half (5,832) of the species are endemic (IUCN, 2000). Among the tree families, the family of
dipterocarpaceae accounts for 66%. Other families like anacardiaceae, ebenaceae, verbenaceae and
fabaceae are some examples of tree families comprising the countrys premium trees and constitute the
remaining species proportion.
At the end of the 18th century, the countrys forest ecosystem had experienced a tremendous decline in
forest cover and species population. The forest priceless contribution in providing the humans basic
necessity in some areas in the country is decreasing brought about by destructive intervention by a few
individuals. Some areas were heavily depleted with trees of the commercial value while in some area are
occupied by secondary and remaining untouched forest vegetation. Secondary forests are expanding from
time to time as forest continues to be intensively logged and converted into agricultural farms, grasslands
and other land uses mainly through human intervention. If not properly addressed a greater possibility that
it may result to lesser biotic interactions within the ecosystem and a shortage of forest services (e.g.
timber, water, etc) considered vital for the existence of humanity on earth.
Informations as to the kind of species thriving in a disturbed landscape like secondary forest, grasslands,
reforestation and mining sites and its vicinities remained unknown and undocumented. Knowing the
species of trees present in these areas is an important consideration in forest landscape restoration and
conservation efforts as this will provide future sources of regeneration and viable planting materials. The
conduct of baseline assessment particularly in barangay Inapolangan, Homonhon Island, Guiuan, Eastern
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Samar is important for the preservation and / or conservation of biodiversity in the area. Hence, this
assessment was conducted.
Generally, the assessment aimed to document the species of trees/shrubs/palms present in the mountain
range of barangay Inapolangan, Homonhon Island, Guiuan, Eastern Samar.
Specifically, it endeavored to:
1. Describe the trees/plant species diversity, species composition and similarity index in different
sites;
2. Determine the most abundant and frequently occurring tree/plant species; and
3. Identify factors affecting plant diversity in the area.
Methodology
Site description
0 0
Homonhon is geographically located in latitude and longitude of 10 4419 and 125 435.03,
respectively. The average elevation of the island is 53 meters above sea level and the topography is
considerably flat to slightly rolling. The island climate is type 2 characterized as having no dry season
with maximum rainfall in November to January. Grassland soil is slightly acidic, higher bulk density and
low in nutrient contents. Good forest cover was found in some barangays far from the mining sites
inhabited by diversified tree species of approximately 5 20 cms dbh with few bigger trees. Snags (dead
trees) were found very visible in the mountain range of the island.
Site Selection and Plot design
The research site is located in barangay Inapolangan, Homonhon Island, Guiuan, Eastern Samar. Four (4)
sites were purposively identified and selected for the assessment namely: Iraya, Logad, Pamonakan and
Miligis biges River. The selected site consists of forest and river /stream networks. The sites are
approximately 200 meters- 300 meters away from each other. These sites is represented by forest
dominated by pioneer species mixed with premium hardwoods with few species from dipterocarp and
mangrove families that runs from the downstream (seaside) to the upstream area of the landscape. A
baseline square plot measuring 20 x 20 meters having an area of 400 m2 (Aamlid, et. al., 2002) were
established in each site. From the baseline plot, succeeding square plots were systematically established
upstream at a plot distance of 200 meters until the last plot reaches the foothills of the secondary natural
forest.
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Data collection
The abundance and frequency of plants/trees in each plot per site regardless of height and diameter were
identified, counted and recorded for diversity analysis. In cases where specimen could not be identified,
sample specimens of good quality were collected for herbarium purposes. The herbariums were referred
and compared to illustrations in any taxonomy books and specimens in the herbarium room to identify its
nomenclature.
Data Analysis and Interpretation
The data collected from the field assessment were classified, tabulated and analyzed in accordance with
the objectives of the assessment. Descriptive statistical tools that include frequency counts, average, totals
and percentage were used in presenting the diversity of trees.
For diversity, Shannon-Weiner Index (Whittaker, 1975; Magurran, 1988) was used in determining the
level of diversity between sites. Such values shows how even are the spread between species comprising
the diversity. Three (3) indicators were used to describe the extent of diversity in the area as shown
below:
<2 = less diverse

2-4 = diverse
4-5 = highly diverse
Likewise, Jaccard Index (Magurran, 1988) was used to find out the level of similarity among species
within sites. This was computed using the formula as indicated below:
Cj = j/ (a+b j)
Where:
Cj = index of similarity
J = number of species common to both sites
a= number of species in site A
b= number of species in site B
Result and Discussions
Species composition, abundance and frequently occurring species
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Table 1 shows the species composition of tree/plant species per site. Result reveals that site 4 had the
greatest number of families (46), genus (71) and species (104) compared to the other sites. This was
followed by site 3 having 95 species of trees/plants, in 69 genera and 44 families. Mancono belonging to
the family of Myrtaceae with genus Syzygium was recorded having the most abundant and frequently
encountered tree species in all sites (Plate #1). It was also observed that mancono were found not only
within the assessed sites but also throughout the island of homonhon regardless of site conditions. The
other highly represented families in Site 4 were clusiaceae, ebenaceae, euphorbiaceae, fabaceae, moraceae
and malvaceae. Likewise, in site 3 the families of dipterocarpaceae (5 species) and malvaceae were also
found to associate with the dominant family. As to species level, it was found that premium hardwoods
and dipterocarp trees to include saplongan, yakal, yakal kaliot, red lauan and gisok-gisok were also
present in the sites (Plate # 2). The most common premium trees present in the area includes the species
of lanete, kamagong, tindalo, sudiang and mancono. For mangrove trees; the species of bakauan lalaki,
bakauan babae, tinduk-tindukan, pagatpat, busain and tabigue were also present (Appendix table 1 and 5).
Grasses were also found in all sites. Agsam, cogon, talahib and tikog were recorded as the most dominant
grass and pandan vegetation species in nearby grassland/brushland areas in the barangay (Plate # 3).
Results further reveal the floristic differences in taxonomic composition of species between sites. There
were less species in Site 3,1 and 2 than in Site 4. All sites are dominated by light demanding pioneer tree
species. They grow from seeds after a gap had been created and not from the existing wildlings. One
major reason for this scenario might be the continued influence of anthropogenic factors on the
distribution and composition of this ecosystem. All sites are readily accessible for utilization by the
human population considering its distance to the community. In effect, intense removal of valuable trees
to include Dipterocarps and other premium trees was done previously either by legal or illegal means.
This supports the notion that once valuable trees have been removed from the ecosystem, younger as well
as older specimens of the logged species are often scarce (Longman, et al., 1987). Seeds of trees are no
longer available for natural regeneration resulting to a change in the floristic composition and structure of
the species which is somewhat different from that of the original vegetation.
Table 1. Taxonomic composition of tree/plant species in the inventoried sites
ABUNDANCE
Site
Families Genera Species
1 32 46 50
2 34 45 48
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3 44 69 95
4 46 71 104
Plate # 1. Mancono the most abundant and frequently encountered species
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Plate # 2. Yakal saplungan, a dipterocarp tree species present in

Barangay Inapolangan Forest
For trees/plant species diversity values

Plate # 3. Tikog, one of the dominant domesticated grass vegetation
in theofBarangay
Table 2 shows the diversity value trees/plant species in various sites. The level of plant diversity in
Barangay Inapolangan ranged from 3.0125- 3.6885 which is considerably diverse. Site 4 got the highest
diversity value of 3.6885. While, the lowest diversity value index (3.0125) was observed in site 2. On
average, Site 4 is more diverse than site 3, 1 and 2. It implies that Site 4 shows a community which is
more stable compared to the other sites (Plate #4). Besides, most of the tree species in all sites was only
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represented by a single stem. This further indicates that the site is undergoing several changes in species
composition as influenced by any form of anthropogenic and atmospheric disturbances. Species diversity
was low in the early stages of the plant succession but may increase suddenly and subsequently declined
and remained more or less steady at a slightly higher level than it was found initially.
Table 2. Diversity value of trees/plants in the study sites
SITES Diversity value index

1 3.3660
2 3.0125
3 3.6885
4 3.5705
Average 3.4094
Similarity Index
of Tree Species between sites
Platecan
Species composition # 4.also
Forest vegetationusing
be compared present in site 4index.
similarity (Miligis
Thebiges river)
Jaccard similarity index tells us to
what percent the two habitats are similar in terms of species. Results reveal that both site 3 and 4 had a
species similarity index of 0.407 which indicates that these two habitats share only 41% of their species
composition (Table 3 and appendix table 6). The lowest similarity index was observed between site 1 and
4. The distance between sites and similarity of climatic / edaphic factors played significant influence in
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the sites species composition. Human activities were also observed and could possibly affect the richness
of species in the area particularly the species having the greatest commercial value (Plate # 5 and 6).
Table 3. Similarity index of trees/plant species between sites.
SITES
Sites
1 2 3 4
1 - 0.333 0.318 0.222
2 - - 0.267 0.333
3 - - 0.407
4 - - - -
Factors affecting plant diversity in Barangay Inapolangan Mountain Range
Based on observation during the data collection a number of factors have contributed to the decrease in
plant diversity in the area as indicated below:
1. Fuel wood collection in the area;

2. Small pole / post collection;
3. Existence of kaingin farm; and
4. Illegal cutting activities in the forest
Recommendations
Based on the study results, the following are hereby recommended:
1. Implementation of existing forestry laws and regulations to minimize the cutting and collection of
forest products should be enhanced;
2. Continued the conduct of public education to the community residents about the importance of
forest conservation and preservation;
3. Protection of existing premium hardwood, dipterocarp and other valuable tree species as future
sources of planting materials in forest restoration should be conducted;
4. Inventory of natural forest including other types of life forms located at the upper part of the
barangay is highly recommended;
5. Inventory of tree/plant species domesticated by residents is also recommended; and
6. Implement assisted natural regeneration (ANR) in all sites using a combination of desirable
Dipterocarps and lesser known species with potential commercial value to increase species
composition and diversity.
References:
Aamlid, D. et.al., 2002. Assessment of Ground Vegetation: A manual on method and criteria for
harmonized sampling, assessment, monitoring and analysis of the effects of air pollution on forests, pp. 1-
19.
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Darwin data base, 1998. Report on Economically important plants of Leyte, Western Samar and Bohol.
Department of Forestry, Visayas State College of Agriculture, Baybay, Leyte, 6521-A, Philippines, pp.
112.
Fernando, E.S. et al., 1994. Field Checklist of Species in Dendrology. Department of Biological
Sciences, College of Forestry, University of the Philippines at Los Banos College, 4031 Laguna,
Philippines,pp.17.
International Union for the Conservation of Nature, 2000. Biodiversity Hotspots-Philippines, pp. 3.
http://www.biodiversityhotspots.org/xp/Hotspots/Philippines
Magurran, A. E. 1988. Ecological diversity and its measurements, pp. 145-165.
Protected Areas and Wildlife Bureau, 1998. The first Philippine National report to the Convention on
Biological Diversity, pp.3.
Polinar, A.N. 2001. List of Laboratory Species in Dendrology. Department of Forestry, Visayas State
College of agriculture, Baybay, Leyte, Philippines, pp.11.
Polinar, A.N. 2004. Diversity and Structure of Tree Species in Leyte State University (LSU) Forest
Reservation, Philippines. Unpublished Master thesis, LSU, Visca, Baybay, Leyte, Philippines, pp. 73.
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Plate # 5. Tree stem cut and converted to post for local utilization
Plate # 6. Lumber from Illegally cut timber in Inapolangan Forest

Appendix table #1. List of trees/plant species found in site 1 (Iraya river).
FAMILY NAME COMMON NAME SCIENTIFIC NAME

Acanthaceae (M) Diluario Acanthus ilicifolius L.
Anacardiaceae Malapaho Mangifera monandra Merr.
Annonaceae Lanete Wrightia pubescens (R. Br. spp.) Lanite (Blanco)
Ngan.
Laneteng gubat Kibatalia gitingensis (Elmer.) Woods.
Pandakaki Tabernaemontana pandacaqui Poir.
Arecaceae (Palmae) Nipa Nypa fruticans Wurmb.
Niog/Coconut Cocos nucifera L.
Asteraceae Hagonoi Chromolaena odorata (L.) R.M. King & H. Rob.
Burseraceae Milipili Canarium spp.
Clusiaceae (Guttiferae) Bitanghol Calophyllum blancoi Pl. & Tr.
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Paguringon Cratoxylum sumatranum (Jack) Blume

Salinggogon Cratoxylum formosum (Jack) Dyer
Combretaceae Talisai (B) Terminalia catappa L.
Tabaw (m) Lumnitzera littorea (Jack) Voigt.
Cyperaceae Sarat Scleria scrobiculata Nees.
Dipterocarpaceae Yakal kaliot Hopea malibato Foxw.
Ebenaceae Ebony (Bantolinao) Diospyros ferrea (Willd.) Bakh.
Euphorbiaceae Matang-hipon Breynia rhamboides Retz. Moell. Arg.
Buta-buta (m) Excoecaria agallocha L.
Fabaceae: Faboideae Bani (B) Pongamia pinnata (L.) Merr.
Lammiaceae Alagau-dagat (B) Premna intigrifolia L.
Kolipapa Vitex quinata (Lour)F.N. Will
Loganiaceae Balat-buaia Fagraea racemosa Jack. Ex. Wall.
Malvaceae Malubago (B) Talipari tiliaceum (L.) Fryxell.
Dungon late (M) Heritiera ecortica Ait.
Soyapao Commersonia bartramia (L.) Merr.
Melastomataceae Malatungao Melastoma malabathricum L.
Meliaceae Piagau (m) Xylocarpus moluccensis (Lamk.) M. Roem.
Tabigi (m) Xylocarpus granatum koen.
Moraceae Balete Ficus balete Merr.
Malanangka Parartocarpus veenenosus (Zoll. & moritzi) Becc.
Subsp. Papuanus (Becc.) Jarret
Myrtaceae Mangkono Xanthostemon verdugonianus Naves
Sagimsim Syzygium brevistylum
Tiga Tristania decorticata
Myrsinaceae Tinduk-tindukan (m) Aegiceras floridum Roem & Schult.
Myristicaceae Bunod Knema mindanensis
Pandanaceae Baliw Pandan spp.
Pittosporaceae Mamalis Pittosporum pentandrum (Blanco) Merr.
Phyllanthaceae Bignai Antidesma bunius ( L) Spreng
Poaceae (Graminae) Cogon Imperata cylindrical (L.) Beauv.
Rhizophoraceae(M) Busain Bruguiera gymnorrhiza (L.) Lamk.
Bakauan-lalaki Rhizophora apiculata Blume
Bakauan-babae Rhizophora mucronata Lamk.
Bakauan gubat Carallia brachiata (Lour.) Merr.
Rubiaceae Lisak Neonauclea bartlingii (DC.) Merr.
Unidentified spp. Neonauclea spp.
Rutaceae Matang-araw Melicope triphylla (Lam.) Merr.
Sapindaceae Bating Allophyllus filiger
Schizaeaceae Nitong puti Lygodium circinnatum (Burn.) Sw.
Thymelaeaceae Salago Wikstroemia lanceolata
- *Tak-anan -
Total # of families 32
Total # of genus 46
Total # of species 50
Note: Unidentified or species known only by its local name were not included in the computation for diversity and species
composition
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Appendix table # 2. List of tree/plant species found in Site 2 (Pamonakan river)

Anacardiaceae Malapaho Mangifera monandra Merr.
Apocynaceae Laneteng gubat Kibatalia gitingensis (Elmer.) Woods.
Batino Alstonia macrophylla Wall. ex DC.
Araliaceae Binliu Arthrophyllum cenabrei
Arecaceae (Palmae) Niog/coconut Cocos nucifera L.
Saguisi Heterosphate elata scheff.
Bignoniaceae Tui Dolichandrone spathacea (L.f.) K. Schum.
Burseraceae Pagsahingin bulog Canarium calophyllum Perk.
Cannabaceae (Ulmaceae) Anabiong Trema orientalis (L.) Blume
Casuarinaceae Agoho (B) Casuarina equisetifolia Forst.
Clusiaceae (Guttiferae) Paguringon Cratoxylum sumatranum (Jack) Blume
Combretaceae Talisai Terminalia catappa L.
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Convulvulaceae Lambayong Ipomea pes-carpae (L.) R. Br.

Anang Diospyros pyrrhocarpa Miq.
Euphorbiaceae Binunga Macaranga tanarius (L.) Muell. Arg.
Buta-buta (m) Excoecaria agallocha L.
Matang-hipon Breynia rhamboides Retz. Moell. Arg.
Fabaceae: Caealpiniaceae Tindalo Afzelia rhomboidea (Blanco) Vidal
Fabaceae: Faboideae Bani (B) Pongamia pinnata (L.) Merr.
Fagaceae Lipakon Lithocarpus spp. (refer to manuscripts)
Lecythidaceae Botong (B) Barringtonia asiatica (L.) Kurz
Leguminosae Alobahai Pithecolobium subacutum Benth.
Namot Cynometra bijuga Span.
Malvaceae Malubago Talipari tiliaceum (L.) Fryxell.
Melastomataceae Malatungao Melastoma malabathricum L.
Memecylaceae Javanese culis Memecylon caeruleum Jack.
Moraceae Antipolo Artocarpus blancoi (Elmer) Merr.
Kalokoi Ficus callosa Willd.
Rimas Artocarpus altilis (Park) Fosb.
Myristicaceae Bunod Knema mindanensis
Pandanaceae Pandan dagat Pandanus tectorius Soland.
Phyllanthaceae Bignai Antidesma bunius ( L) Spreng
Malabagang Glochidion album (Blanco ) Boerl.
Rhamnaceae Tulo Alphitonia philippinensis
Rubiaceae Hambabalud Neonauclea formicaria (Elm.)Merr.
Staphyleaceae Salago Wikstroemia lanceolata
- Koroponyot -
- Tadkan -
- Mamitin -
- Flemingia spp. -
Number of families 34
Number of genus 45
Number of species 48
Note: Unidentified or species known only by its local name were not included in the computation for diversity and
species composition
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Appendix table # 3. List of tree/plant species in found in Site 3 (Logad river).
Achariaceae Bagarbas Hydnocarpus sumatrana (Miq.) Koor.

Anacardiaceae Mangga Mangifera indica L.
Malapaho Mangifera monandra Merr.
Araliaceae Gulamay amo Scheffler spp.
Arecaceae (Palmae) Nipa Nypa fruticans Wurmb.
Saguisi Heterosphate elata scheff.
Burseraceae Pagsaingin bulog Canarium calophyllum Perk.
Pagsahingin Canarium asperum Benth.
Dulit Canarium hirsutum Willd.
Piling liitan Canarium luzonicum (Blume) A. Gray
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Bitanghol Sibat Calophyllum lancifollium Elm.

- Garcinia spp.
Combretaceae Dalinsi Terminalia pellucida Presl.
Sakat Terminalia nitens Presl.
Compositae Sambong Blumea balsamifera
Cyatheaceae Fern Cyathea spp.
Pakong buwaya Cyathea contaminans (Wall. & Hook.) Copel
Cyperaceae Sarat Scleria scrobiculata Nees.
Tikog Fimbristylis globusa Retz.
Dipterocarpaceae Saplungan Hopea plagata (Blanco) Vidal
Yakal Shorea astylosa Foxw.
Red Lauan Shorea negrosensis Foxw.
Gisok gisok Hopea philippinensis Dyer
Yakal kaliot Hopea malibato Foxw.
Bolong-eta Diospyros pilosanthera Blanco
Euphorbiaceae Anislag Securinega flexousa Muell. Arg.
Matanghipon Breynia rhamboides Retz. Moell. Arg.
Fabaceae:Caesalpiniodeae Tindalo Afzelia rhomboidea (Blanco) Vidal
Acapulco Herpitico alata
Fabaceae: Faboideae Anie Erythrina fusca Lour.
Bahai Ormosia calavensis Azaola
Lammiaceae Alagao-dagat Premna intigrifolia L.
Lauraceae Kalingag Cinnamomum mercadoi Vid.
Leguminosae Alobahai Pithecolobium subacutum Benth.
Namot Cynometra bijuga Span.
Loganiaceae Balat-buaia Fagraea racemosa Jack. ex. Wall.
Magnoliaceae Tabhisan Talauma decorticata Merr.
Malvaceae Gumamela Hibiscus rosa-sinensis Linn.
Malubago (B) Talipari tiliaceum (L.) Fryxell.
Kulatingan Pterospermum obliquum Blanco
Malabuho Sterculia oblongata R. Br.
Sinaligan Sterculia rubiginosa vent. Var. rubiginosa
Buntan Trichosperma discolor Elmer
Suyapao Commersonia bartramia (L) Merr.
Melastomataceae Malatongao Melastoma malabathricum L.
Memecylaceae Digeg Memecylon lanceolatum
Anubing Artocarpus ovatus Blanco
Balite Ficus balete Merr.
Pakiling Ficus odorata (Blanco)Merr.
Is-is Ficus ulmifolia Lamk.
Myricaceae Hindang pula Myrica ricinoides
Myrsinaceae Tinduk-tindukan (M) Aegiceras floridum Roem & Schult.
Myrtaceae Malabayabas Tristaniopsis ecorticate ( Merr) Wilson and
Waterhouse
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Makaasim Syzygium nitidum Benth

Mangkono Xanthostemon verdugonianus Naves
Myristicaceae Tanghas Myristica elliptica Wall. Ex. Hook. F. and Thoms.
Bunod Knema mindanensis
Passifloraceae Melon-melonan Passiflora foetida L.
Phyllanthaceae Malabagang Glochidion album (Blanco ) Boerl.
Poaceae (Graminae) Cogon Imperata cylindrical (L.) Beauv.
Kawit-kawitan Cenchrus echinatus L.
Talahib Saccharum spontaneum L.
Rhizophoraceae Bakauan gubat Carallia brachiata (Lour.) Merr.
Busain Bruguiera gymnorrhiza (L.) Lamk.
Rubiaceae Bangkal Nauclea orientalis (L.) L.
Hambabalud Neonauclea formicaria (Elm.)Merr.
Lisak Neonauclea bartlingii (DC.) Merr.
Rutaceae Matang-araw Melicope triphylla (Lam.) Merr.
Urticaceae Alagasi Leucosyke capitellata (Poir) Wedd.
Verbenaceae Kandi-kandilaan Stachytarfeta jamaicensis (L.) Vahl.
Unidentified 1 -
Unidentified 2 -
Unidentified 3 -
Unidentified 4 -
Unidentified 5 -
Unidentified 6 -
Unidentified 7 -
Tarongatingan -
Mamitin -
Number of genus 69
Note: Unidentified or species known only by its local name were not included in the computation for diversity and
species composition
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Appendix table # 4. List of tree/plant species found in site 4 (Miligis biges river).

Achariaceae Bagarbas Hydnocarpus sumatrana (Miq.) Koor.
Malapinggan Trichadenia philippinensis Merr.
Anacardiaceae Malapaho Mangifera altissima Blanco
Batino Alstonia macrophylla Wall. ex DC.
Araliaceae Galamay amo Schefera elliptica (Blume) Harms.
Arecaceae (Palmae) Saguisi Heterosphate elata scheff.
Burseraceae Pagsahingin Canarium asperum Benth.
Pagsahingin bulog Canarium calophyllum Perk.
Dulit Canarium hirsutum Willd.
Piling liitan Canarium luzonicum (Blume) A. Gray
Cannabaceae (Ulmaceae) Malaikmo Celtis philipinensis Blanco
Anabiong Trema orientalis (L.) Blume
Casuarinaceae Agoho (B) Casuarina equisetifolia Forst.
Kariis Garcinia mindanensis Merr.
Bitanghol Sibat Calophyllum lancifollium Elm.
- Garcinia spp.
Combretaceae Dalinsi Terminalia pellucida Presl.
Talisai (B) Terminalia catappa L.
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Sakat Terminalia nitens Presl.

Convulvulaceae Lambayong (M) Ipomea pes-carpae (L.) R. Br.
Cyperaceae Sarat Scleria scrobiculata Nees
Dilleniaceae Katmon Dillenia philippinensis Rolfe
Dipterocarpaceae Red Lauan Shorea negrosensis Foxw.
Yakal Kaliot Hopea malibato Foxw.
Bolong-eta Diospyros pilosanthera Blanco
Anang Diospyros pyrrhocarpa Miq.
Kamagong Diospyros blancoi A. DC
Euphorbiaceae Matang-hipon Breynia rhamboides Retz. Moell. Arg.
Gubas Endospermum peltatum Merr.
Binunga Macaranga tanarius (L.) Muell. Arg.
Alim Melanolepis multiglandulosa / Reinw. Ex Blume)
reichb. F. & Zoll.
Bogus Acalypha amentacea Roxb.
Sudiang Bredelia pinangiana Hook. F.
Fabaceae:Caesalpiniodeae Ipil Instia bijuga (Colebr.) O. ktze.
Tindalo Afzelia rhomboidea (Blanco) Vidal
Fabaceae:Mimosoideae Salingkugi Albizia saponaria (Lour.) Blume ex. Miq.
Raintree Samanea saman (Jacq.) Merr.
Fabaceae: Faboideae Bahai Ormosia calavensis Azaola
Bani (B) Pongamia pinnata (L.) Merr.
Graminae Kawayan killing Bambusa vulgaris Schrad
(lunas)
Gnetaceae Bago Gnetum gnemon L.
Lauraceae Kalingag Cinnamomum mercadoi Vid.
Puso - puso Neolitsea vidalii Merr.
Lecythidaceae Botong (B) Barringtonia asiatica (L.) Kurz
Leguminosae Namot Cynometra bijuga Span.
Loganiaceae Balat-buaia Fagraea racemosa Jack. ex. Wall.
Magnoliaceae Tabhisan Talauma decorticata Merr
Malvaceae Balobo Diplodiscus paniculatos Turez.
Tan-ag Kleinhovia ecortic L.
Malabuho Sterculia oblongata R. Br.
Malubago Talipari tiliaceum (L.) Fryxell.
Sinaligan Sterculia rubiginosa vent. Var. rubiginosa
Buntan Trichosperma discolor Elmer
Suyapao Commersonia bartramia (L) Merr.
Maranthaceae Hagithit Phrynium philippinensis Ridl.
Melastomataceae Malatungao Melastoma malabathricum L
Kubi Artocarpus nitidus Trec.
Anubing Artocarpus ovatus Blanco
Rimas Artocarpus altilis (Park) Fosb.
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Salising Ficus benjamina L.

Balete Ficus balete Merr.
Butli Ficus gul Lauterb. & K. Schum.
Niog-niogan Ficus pseudopalma Blanco.
Hauili Ficus ecort Burm. F.
Is-is Ficus ulmifolia Lamk.
Myricaceae Hindang pula Myrica ricinoides
Myristicaceae Duguan Myristica philippinensis Lam.
Tanghas Myristica elliptica Wall. Ex. Hook. F. and Thoms.
Phyllanthaceae Malabagang Glochidion album (Blanco ) Boerl.
Rhizophoraceae Bakauan gubat Carallia brachiata (Lour.) Merr.
Rubiaceae Bangkal Nauclea orientalis (L.) L.
Hambabalud Neonauclea formicaria (Elm.)Merr.
Salicaceae Oonog Osmelia philippina (Turez.) Benth.
Kapulasan Nephelium rambutan-ake (Labill.) Leenh.
Urticaceae Alagasi Leucosyke capitellata (Poir) Wedd.
- Somol -
- Banga -
- Tarongtingan -
- Mamitin -
- Unidentified 9 -
- Unidentified 10 -
- Unidentified 11 -
- Unidentified 12 -
- Unidentified 13 -
- Unidentified 14 -
Unidentified 15 -
Number of genus 71
Note: Unidentified or species known only by its local name were not included in the computation for
diversity and species composition
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Appendix Table # 5. List of tree / plant species found in Site 5 (Manto-onan Island)

Acanthaceae Api-api Avicennia lanata
Araceae Gabi Colocasia antiquorum L. Schott
Arecaceae (Palmae) Coconut Cocus nucifera L.
Asteraceae Hagonoi Chromolaena odorata (L.) R.M. King & H.
Rob.
Cannabaceae Anabiong Trema orientalis (L.) Blume
Caricaceae Papaya Carica papaya L.
Casuarinaceae Agoho Casuarina equisetifolia Forst.
Combretaceae Kulasi Lumnitzera racemosa Willd.
Talisai Terminalia catappa L.
Convulvulaceae Kamote-kamotehan Ipomea triloba L.
Lambayong Ipomea pes-carpae (L.) R. Br.
Sweet potato Ipomea batatas (L.) Lamk.
Cucurbitaceae Squash Cucurbita maxima Walters
Euphorbiaceae Binunga Macaranga tanarius (L.) Muell. Arg.
Cassava Manihut esculenta Crantz.
Matanghipon Breynia rhamboides Retz. Moell. Arg.
Buta-buta Excoecaria agallocha
Fabaceae:Faboideae Bani Pongamia pinnata
Lammiaceae Molave Vitex parviflora Juss.
Alagao dagat Premna intigrifolia L.
Lecythidaceae Botong Barringtonia asiatica (L/) Kurz
Malvaceae Malubago Talipari tiliaceum (L.) Fryxell.
Soyapao Commersonia bartramia
Moraceae Rimas Artocarpus altilis (Park) Fosb.
Balite Ficus balete Merr.
Niog-niogan Ficus pseudopalma Blanco
Miscellaneous Ficus spp.
Antipolo Artocarpus blancoi (Elmer) Merr.
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Hawile Ficus septica

Moringaceae Malungai Moringa oleifera Lamk.
Musaceae Banana sab-a Musa paradisiaca L.
Banana Tundan Musa sapientum var. Sylvesteris
Myrtaceae Guava Psidium guajava L.
Mancono Xanthostemon verdugonianus Naves.
Phyllanthaceae Malabagang Glochidion album (Blanco) Boert.
Rubiaceae Bangkal Nauclea orientalis L.
Rutaceae Lemonsito Triphasia aurantiola Lour.
Pomelo Citrus grandis
Rhizophoraceae Bakauan lalaki Rhizophora apiculata
Bakauan babae Rhizophora mucronata
Sapotaceae Unidentified Palaquium spp.
Sonneratiaceae Pagatpat Sonneratia alba (L.) Smith
Number of genus 34
Note: Species indicated above were not included in the computation for diversity and species
composition in the four sites located in barangay Inapolangan .
22

Inapulangan - Floral Diversity

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Philippine-Misereor Partnership, Inc.

FLORAL DIVERSITY ASSESSMENT IN INAPOLANGAN,

Specifically, it endeavored to:

Site Selection and Plot design

Data Analysis and Interpretation

<2 = less diverse

Result and Discussions

Species composition, abundance and frequently occurring species

Table 1. Taxonomic composition of tree/plant species in the inventoried sites

Plate # 1. Mancono the most abundant and frequently encountered species

Plate # 2. Yakal saplungan, a dipterocarp tree species present in

For trees/plant species diversity values

Table 2. Diversity value of trees/plants in the study sites

SITES Diversity value index

Table 3. Similarity index of trees/plant species between sites.

Factors affecting plant diversity in Barangay Inapolangan Mountain Range

1. Fuel wood collection in the area;

Based on the study results, the following are hereby recommended:

Magurran, A. E. 1988. Ecological diversity and its measurements, pp. 145-165.

Plate # 6. Lumber from Illegally cut timber in Inapolangan Forest

FAMILY NAME COMMON NAME SCIENTIFIC NAME

Paguringon Cratoxylum sumatranum (Jack) Blume

Appendix table # 2. List of tree/plant species found in Site 2 (Pamonakan river)

FAMILY NAME COMMON NAME SCIENTIFIC NAME

Convulvulaceae Lambayong Ipomea pes-carpae (L.) R. Br.

Appendix table # 3. List of tree/plant species in found in Site 3 (Logad river).

FAMILY NAME COMMON NAME SCIENTIFIC NAME

Achariaceae Bagarbas Hydnocarpus sumatrana (Miq.) Koor.

Bitanghol Sibat Calophyllum lancifollium Elm.

Makaasim Syzygium nitidum Benth

FAMILY NAME COMMON NAME SCIENTIFIC NAME

Sakat Terminalia nitens Presl.

Salising Ficus benjamina L.

FAMILY NAME COMMON NAME SCIENTIFIC NAME

Hawile Ficus septica

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