OXFORD 3000 (important words)

Abandon-

abandon sb (to sth)- to leave sb, especially sb you are responsible for, with no intention of returning:

-The baby had been abandoned by its mother.

-The study showed a deep fear among the elderly of being abandoned to the care of strangers.

abandon sth (to sb/sth)- to leave a thing or place, especially because it is impossible or dangerous to
stay - SYN leave:

-Snow forced many drivers to abandon their vehicles.

-They had to abandon their lands to the invading forces.

-He gave the order to abandon ship (= to leave the ship because it was sinking).

Abuse-n.
1) abuse (of sth) the use of sth in a way that is wrong or harmful SYN misuse:

alcohol / drug / solvent abuse . -He was arrested on charges of corruption and abuse of power.

2) unfair, cruel or violent treatment of sb: child abuse . sexual abuse .

reported abuses by the secret police . - She suffered years of physical abuse.

Verb.

1) to make bad use of sth, or to use so much of sth that it harms your health: to abuse alcohol / drugs .
-He systematically abused his body with heroin and cocaine.

2) to use power or knowledge unfairly or wrongly: -She abused her position as principal by giving jobs to
her friends.

3) to treat a person or an animal in a cruel or violent way, especially sexually:

-All the children had been physically and emotionally abused. -The boy had been sexually abused.

4) to make rude or offensive remarks to or about sb SYN insult:

-The referee had been threatened and abused.

Accompany-
 1)to travel or go somewhere with sb:

-His wife accompanied him on the trip.

2)to happen or appear with sth else:

-strong winds accompanied by heavy rain . -Each pack contains a book and accompanying CD.

Accuse-

accuse sb (of sth)- to say that sb has done sth wrong or is guilty of sth:to accuse sb of murder

-She accused him of lying.

- The government was accused of incompetence. - They stand accused of crimes against humanity

Acknowledge-

ADMIT

to accept that sth is true:

- She refuses to acknowledge the need for reform.

-I did not acknowledge that he had done anything wrong.

-It is generally acknowledged to be true.

Adequate-
adequate (for sth) | adequate (to do sth) -enough in quantity, or good enough in quality, for a particular
purpose or need:an adequate supply of hot water

-The room was small but adequate.

-The space available is not adequate for our needs.

-There is a lack of adequate provision for disabled students.

-He didnt give an adequate answer to the question.

Admiration-n.

a feeling of respect and liking for sb/sth:

-I have great admiration for her as a writer.

Admire-v.
to respect sb for what they are or for what they have done:

-I really admire your enthusiasm.

-The school is widely admired for its excellent teaching.

Admit-v.
SYN -confess: [v] -She admits to being strict with her children.

-Dont be afraid to admit to your mistakes.

-It was a stupid thing to do, I admit.

- He admitted all his mistakes. -She stubbornly refuses to admit the truth.

Adventure-n.
1) an unusual, exciting or dangerous experience, journey or series of events:

her adventures travelling in Africa When youre a child, life is one big adventure.

2) excitement and the willingness to take risks, try new ideas, etc.: a sense / spirit of adventure

Affair-n.

PUBLIC / POLITICAL ACTIVITIES

1)affairs [pl.] events that are of public interest or political importance:

world / international / business affairs . an expert on foreign affairs (= political events in other
countries) . affairs of statesee also current affairs

EVENT

2) [C, usually sing.] an event that people are talking about or describing in a particular way:

-The newspapers exaggerated the whole affair wildly. -The debate was a pretty disappointing affair.
RELATIONSHIP

3) a sexual relationship between two people, usually when one or both of them is married to sb else:

-She is having an affair with her boss.see also love affair

Affection-n.
the feeling of liking or loving sb/sth very much and caring about them:

-Mr Darcys affection for his sister .

- Children need lots of love and affection.

Afterwards-adv.
at a later time; after an event that has already been mentioned:

-Afterwards she was sorry for what shed said.

- Lets go out now and eat afterwards.

-Shortly afterwards he met her again.

Agency-n.
1) a business or an organization that provides a particular service especially on behalf of other
businesses or organizations: an advertising / employment agency

- You can book at your local travel agency.

international aid agencies caring for refugeessee also dating agency, news agency, press agency

2) (especially NAmE) a government department that provides a particular service:

the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA)

Ahead-adv

further forward in space or time; in front:

-Ill run ahead and warn them.

The road ahead was blocked.

Aid-n.,v.
.noun

money, food, etc. that is sent to help countries in difficult

situations:economic / humanitarian / emergency aid

- An extra 10 million in foreign aid has been promised.

aid agencies (= organizations that provide help) medical aid programmes

Ally-n.,v.

.noun

1) a country that has agreed to help and support another country, especially in case of a war

2 )a person who helps and supports sb who is in a difficult situation, especially a politician:

-a close ally and friend of the prime minister

.verb

(allies, allying, allied, allied) ally (yourself) with sb/sth to give your support to another group or
country: - The prince allied himself with the Scots.

Allied-adj.
1) [only before noun] connected with countries that unite to fight a war together, especially the
countries that fought together against Germany in the First and Second World Wars:

-Italy joined the war on the Allied side in 1915. . allied forces / troops

2) allied (to / with sth) (formal) (of two or more things) similar or existing together; connected with sth:
medicine, nursing, physiotherapy and other allied professions

- In this job you will need social skills allied with technical knowledge.

Alongside-
1)next to or at the side of sth:

-A police car pulled up alongside us.

2)together with or at the same time as sth/sb:

-Traditional beliefs still flourish alongside a modern urban lifestyle.

-Nick caught up with me and rode alongside.

Amuse-v

1)to make sb laugh or smile:

-My funny drawings amused the kids. -This will amuse you.

- It amused him to think that they were probably talking about him at that very moment.

2) to make time pass pleasantly for sb/yourself SYN entertain:

-Im sure Ill be able to amuse myself for a few hours.

Analysis-n.

1)the detailed study or examination of sth in order to understand more about it; the result of the study:
statistical analysis . - The book is an analysis of poverty and its causes.

2) a careful examination of a substance in order to find out what it consists of:

-The blood samples are sent to the laboratory for analysis.

Annoying-adj.

making sb feel slightly angry SYN irritating:

-This interruption is very annoying. - Her most annoying habit was eating with her mouth open.

Anticipate- v
1)to expect sth:

-We dont anticipate any major problems. - Our anticipated arrival time is 8.30.

-It is anticipated that inflation will stabilize at 3%.compare unanticipated

2)to see what might happen in the future and take action to prepare for it:

- We need someone who can anticipate and respond to changes in the fashion industry

Anxiety- n.

1) anxiety (about / over sth) the state of feeling nervous or worried that sth bad is going to happen:
acute / intense / deep anxiety
-Some hospital patients experience high levels of anxiety.

2) a worry or fear about sth:

-If youre worried about your health, share your anxieties with your doctor.

Anxious-adj.
1)anxious (about sth) | anxious (for sb) -feeling worried or nervous:

-He seemed anxious about the meeting. - Parents are naturally anxious for their children.

note at worried

2)causing anxiety; showing anxiety:

-There were a few anxious moments in the baseball game.

an anxious look / face / expression

Apart-adv.
1) separated by a distance, of space or time:

-The two houses stood 500 metres apart. - Their birthdays are only three days apart.

2) not together; separate or separately:

-Were living apart now. - She keeps herself apart from other people.

Apologize-v.
apologize (to sb) (for sth) -to say that you are sorry for doing sth wrong or causing a problem:

-Why should I apologize? -Go and apologize to her. - We apologize for the late departure of this flight.

Apparent-adj.

-easy to see or understand SYN obvious:

-It was apparent from her face that she was really upset. -Their devotion was apparent.

-It soon became apparent to everyone that he couldnt sing.

note at- clear

Appeal-n.
1)appeal (against sth) a formal request to a court or to sb in authority for a judgement or a decision to
be changed: to lodge an appeal . to file an appeal

2) appeal (to sb) (for sth) | appeal to sb to do sth an urgent and deeply felt request for money, help or
information, especially one made by a charity or by the police:

to launch a TV appeal for donations to the charity . a look of silent appeal .

-The childs mother made an emotional appeal on TV for his return.

Appoint-v.

appoint sb (to sth) | appoint sb (as) sth -to choose sb for a job or position of responsibility:

- They have appointed a new head teacher at my sons school.

- She has recently been appointed to the committee.

Appreciate-v.
1)to recognize the good qualities of sb/sth:

-You cant really appreciate foreign literature in translation.

- His talents are not fully appreciated in that company. - Her family doesnt appreciate her.

2)to be grateful for sth that sb has done; to welcome sth:

- Id appreciate some help. -Your support is greatly appreciated. - Thanks for coming. I appreciate it.

- I would appreciate it if you paid in cash. -I dont appreciate being treated like a second-class citizen.

Approve-v.

to think that sb/sth is good, acceptable or suitable:

-I told my mother I wanted to leave school but she didnt approve. - Do you approve of my idea?

Approximately-adv.

used to show that sth is almost, but not completely, accurate or correct:

-The journey took approximately seven hours.

Argue-v.
1) argue (with sb) (about / over sth) to speak angrily to sb because you disagree with them:

-My brothers are always arguing. - Were always arguing with each other about money.

2)argue (for / against sth) | argue (for / against doing sth) to give reasons why you think that sth is
right / wrong, true / not true, etc., especially to persuade people that you are right:

-They argued for the right to strike. - She argued the case for bringing back the death penalty.

Ashamed-adj.

1) ashamed (of sth/sb / yourself) | ashamed (that ) | ashamed (to be sth) feeling shame or
embarrassment about sb/sth or because of sth you have done:

-She was deeply ashamed of her behaviour at the party. -Mental illness is nothing to be ashamed of.

2) ashamed to do sth unwilling to do sth because of shame or embarrassment:

-Im ashamed to say that I lied to her. - I cried at the end and Im not ashamed to admit it.

Aspect-n.

1) a particular part or feature of a situation, an idea, a problem, etc.; a way in which it may be
considered: -The book aims to cover all aspects of city life.the most important aspect of the debate .

- She felt she had looked at the problem from every aspect.

Assist-v
assist (sb) (in / with sth) | assist (sb) (in doing sth) -to help sb to do sth:

- Well do all we can to assist you. - We will assist you in finding somewhere to live.

- The play was directed by Mike Johnson, assisted by Sharon Gale.

- Two men are assisting the police with their enquiries (= are being questioned by the police).

Assistance-n.

assistance (with sth) | assistance (in doing sth / to do sth) - help or

support:technical / economic / military assistance /financial assistance for people on low incomes

- Can I be of any assistance? - Despite his cries, no one came to his assistance.
- She offered me practical assistance with my research

Assistant-n.

1)a person who helps or supports sb, usually in their job:

-My assistant will now demonstrate the machine in action. a senior research assistant

see also PDA, personal assistant, teaching assistant

2)(BrE) = shop assistant:a sales assistant in a department store

Adjective.

1) [only before noun] (abbr. Asst) (often in titles) having a rank below a senior person and helping them
in their work: the assistant manager . Assistant Chief Constable Owen

Assume-v.

to think or accept that sth is true but without having proof of it:
- It is reasonable to assume (that) the economy will continue to improve.

- Let us assume for a moment that the plan succeeds.

- She would, he assumed, be home at the usual time.

- It is generally assumed that stress is caused by too much work.

Assure-v.
assure sb (of sth) to tell sb that sth is definitely true or is definitely going to happen, especially when
they have doubts about it: -You think I did it deliberately, but I assure you (that) I did not

- Shes perfectly safe, I can assure you. - We assured him of our support.

2) assure yourself (of sth) to make yourself certain about sth: -He assured himself of her safety.

3) to make sth certain to happen SYN guarantee: - Victory would assure a place in the finals.

Attitude-n.
attitude (to / towards sb/sth) -the way that you think and feel about sb/sth; the way that you behave
towards sb/sth that shows how you think and feel:
changes in public attitudes to marriage / the governments attitude towards single parents

to have a good / bad / positive / negative attitude towards sb/sth

- Youth is simply an attitude of mind.

- If you want to pass your exams youd better change your attitude!

Attorney-n.
1)(especially NAmE) a lawyer, especially one who can act for sb in court
note at lawyer

2)a person who is given the power to act on behalf of another in business or legal matters:
-She was made her fathers attorney when he became ill.

Aware-adj.

knowing or realizing sth:

-I dont think people are really aware of just how much it costs. -He was well aware of the problem.

Awful-adj.
1) very bad or unpleasant: -Thats an awful colour. - They didnt even offer to pay. Oh thats awful.

-Its awful, isnt it? -Theres an awful smell in here. note at terrible

2) (informal) used to emphasize sth, especially that there is a large amount or too much of sth:

-Its going to cost an awful lot of money.

Awkward-adj.
1)making you feel embarrassed:
-There was an awkward silence.

2)difficult to deal with

SYN difficult:
-Dont ask awkward questions. -Youve put me in an awkward position.

an awkward customer (= a person who is difficult to deal with)

- Please dont be awkward about letting him come.

3)not convenient
SYN inconvenient:
-Have I come at an awkward time?

4)difficult or dangerous because of its shape or design:

-This box is very awkward for one person to carry.
Baggage-n.

(especially NAmE) = luggage:

excess baggage (= weighing more than the limit allowed on a plane) | baggage handlers (= people
employed to load and unload baggage at airports)

- (NAmE) We loaded our baggage into the car.

Barrier-n.

1)an object like a fence that prevents people from moving forward from one place to another:
-The crowd had to stand behind barriers. - Show your ticket at the barrier.
2)barrier (to sth) a problem, rule or situation that prevents sb from doing sth, or that makes sth
impossible: |the removal of trade barriers

- Lack of confidence is a psychological barrier to success.

Base-n.

1) [C, usually sing.] the lowest part of sth, especially the part or surface on which it rests or stands:

the base of a column / glass . a pain at the base of the spine . - The lamp has a heavy base.

2) a place where an army, a navy, etc. operates from: a military / naval base . an air base

- After the attack, they returned to base.

Basically-adv.
1)in the most important ways, without considering things that are less important
SYN essentially:
-Yes, thats basically correct. - The two approaches are basically very similar.

- There have been some problems but basically its a good system.

2)used when you are giving your opinion or stating what is important about a situation:
-Basically, theres not a lot we can do about it.

-He basically just sits there and does nothing all day. And thats it, basically.

Bear-v.
1) (used with can / could in negative sentences and questions) to be able to accept and deal with sth
unpleasant SYN stand: - The pain was almost more than he could bear.

- She couldnt bear the thought of losing him.

Behalf-n.

in behalf of sb | in sbs behalf(US) -in order to help sb:

-We collected money in behalf of the homeless. on behalf of sb | on sbs behalf

1)as the representative of sb or instead of them:

-On behalf of the department I would like to thank you all. -Mr Knight cannot be here, so his wife will
accept the prize on his behalf.

2)because of sb; for sb:

Dont worry on my behalf.

Beneath-prep.

1)in or to a lower position than sb/sth; under sb/sth:

They found the body buried beneath a pile of leaves. - The boat sank beneath the waves.

Beside-prep.

1)next to or at the side of sb/sth:

-He sat beside her all night. - a mill beside a stream

Bet-v.
1) bet (sth) (on / against sth) to risk money on a race or an event by trying to predict the result:

You have to be over 16 to bet. - He bet $2 000 on the final score of the game.

2) (informal) used to say that you are almost certain that sth is true or that sth will happen

-I bet (that) were too late

Noun.

1)an arrangement to risk money, etc. on the result of a particular event; the money that you risk in this
way: to win / lose a bet . - Weve got a bet on whos going to arrive first. - He had a bet on the horses.
2) (informal) an opinion about what is likely to happen or to have happened:

My bet is that theyve been held up in traffic.

Beyond-prep.
1)on or to the further side of sth:

-The road continues beyond the village up into the hills.

2)later than a particular time:

-It wont go on beyond midnight.

Bid-verb

1)to offer to pay a particular price for sth, especially at an auction:

- I bid 2000 for the painting. - We wanted to buy the chairs but another couple were bidding against us.

Bin-n.
1) (BrE) a container that you put waste in:a rubbish bin see also dustbin, waste bin

2) a large container, usually with a lid, for storing things in: a bread bin

Verb.

1) (BrE, informal) to throw sth away: -Do you need to keep these letters or shall we bin them?

Bit-noun

SYN : a little:

-These trousers are a bit tight. - I can lend you fifty pounds, if you want. That should help a bit.

Bitter-adj.

1) (of arguments, disagreements, etc.) very serious and unpleasant, with a lot of anger and hatred
involved: a long and bitter dispute

2) (of people) feeling angry and unhappy because you feel that you have been treated unfairly:

-She is very bitter about losing her job.

3) [usually before noun] making you feel very unhappy; caused by great unhappiness:

to weep / shed bitter tears . -Losing the match was a bitter disappointment for the team.
4) (of food, etc.) having a strong, unpleasant taste; not sweet:

-Black coffee leaves a bitter taste in the mouth. compare sweet

5) (of weather conditions) extremely cold and unpleasant: bitter cold . a bitter wind .

- Its really bitter out today.

Blame-v.

blame sb/sth (for sth) | blame sth on sb/sth to think or say that sb/sth is responsible for sth bad:

-She doesnt blame anyone for her fathers death. - A dropped cigarette is being blamed for the fire.

Bore-

verb

1)to make sb feel bored, especially by talking too much:

-Has he been boring you with his stories about his trip?

2)bore (into / through sth) to make a long deep hole with a tool or by digging:

- The drill is strong enough to bore through solid rock. - to bore a hole in sth

Noun

1)a person who is very boring, usually because they talk too much.

Bother-n.,v.

1)trouble or difficulty:

-I dont want to put you to any bother (= cause you any trouble).

Bound-adj.

1)bound (by sth) | bound (by sth) (to do sth) forced to do sth by law, duty or a particular situation:

-We are not bound by the decision. - You are bound by the contract to pay before the end of the month.
Breath-n.
1)the air that you take into your lungs and send out again:

-His breath smelt of garlic.

Breathe-v.

1)to take air into your lungs and send it out again through your nose or mouth:

- He breathed deeply before speaking again

Breed-v.

1) [v] (of animals) to have sex and produce young:

-Many animals breed only at certain times of the year.see also interbreed

2) breed sth (for / as sth) to keep animals or plants in order to produce young ones in a controlled way:

-The rabbits are bred for their long coats.

Brief-adj.

adjective (briefer , briefest)

1) lasting only a short time; short: a brief visit / meeting / conversation . a brief pause / silence

- Mozarts life was brief.

2) using few words: a brief description / summary / account

- Please be brief (= say what you want to say quickly).

3) (of clothes) short and not covering much of the body: a brief skirt

see also brevity, briefly

Brilliant-adj.
1) extremely clever or impressive: What a brilliant idea! . a brilliant performance / invention

2) very successful: a brilliant career . - The play was a brilliant success.

3) very intelligent or skilful: a brilliant young scientist .

- She has one of the most brilliant minds in the country. note at intelligent

4) (of light or colours) very bright: brilliant sunshine . brilliant blue eyes note at bright

5) (BrE, informal) very good; excellent: -How was it? Brilliant!

- Thanks. Youve been brilliant (= very helpful).

Broad-adj.

1) wide: a broad street / avenue / river . broad shoulders . - He is tall, broad and muscular.

. a broad smile / grin (= one in which your mouth is stretched very wide because you are very pleased or
amused) OPP narrow

2) used after a measurement of distance to show how wide sth is: two metres broad and one metre high

3) including a great variety of people or things: a broad range of products

a broad spectrum of interests . - There is broad support for the governments policies . OPP narrow

Bury-v.
1) to place a dead body in a grave:He was buried in Highgate Cemetery.

-Their ambitions were finally dead and buried.

3) to hide sth in the ground: buried treasure . The dog had buried its bone in the garden.

4) to cover sb/sth with soil, rocks, leaves, etc.: -The house was buried under ten feet of snow.

5) to cover sth so that it cannot be seen: -Your letter got buried under a pile of papers.

6) to ignore or hide a feeling, a mistake, etc.: -She had learnt to bury her feelings.

Bush-n.

1) a plant that grows thickly with several hard stems coming up from the root:

a rose bush . holly bushescompare tree

2) a thing that looks like a bush, especially an area of thick hair or fur

Cabinet-n.
1)a group of chosen members of a government, which is responsible for advising and deciding on
government policy:

a cabinet meeting , a cabinet minister

Campaign-n.

1)campaign (against / for sth) a series of planned activities that are intended to achieve a particular
social, commercial or political aim:

. an anti-smoking campaign

Candidate-n.

1)candidate (for sth) a person who is trying to be elected or is applying for a job:

-He stood as a candidate in the local elections. - There were a large number of candidates for the job.

2)(BrE) a person taking an exam: -a candidate for the degree of MPhil

Capable-adj.
1) capable of sth / of doing sth having the ability or qualities necessary for doing sth:

-Hes quite capable of lying to get out of trouble. - Im perfectly capable of doing it myself, thank you.
2) having the ability to do things well SYN skilled, competent: -Shes a very capable teacher.

Capture-v.
1) to catch a person or an animal and keep them as a prisoner or in a confined space:

-Allied troops captured over 300 enemy soldiers.

2) to take control of a place, building, etc. using force: -The city was captured in 1941.

3) capture sb/sth on film / tape / canvas, etc. to film / record / paint, etc. sb/sth:

-The attack was captured on film by security cameras.

Career-n.

1) the series of jobs that a person has in a particular area of work, usually involving more responsibility
as time passes: a career in politics . a teaching career . - What made you decide on a career as a vet?

-She has been concentrating on her career - note at work

2) the period of time that you spend in your life working or doing a particular thing:

-She started her career as an English teacher. - He is playing the best tennis of his career.

Case-n.
SITUATION

1)a particular situation or a situation of a particular type:

-In some cases people have had to wait several weeks for an appointment.

Cast-v.
1)to look, smile, etc. in a particular direction:

- She cast a welcoming smile in his direction.

LIGHT / A SHADOW

2) to make light, a shadow, etc. appear in a particular place:

-The setting sun cast an orange glow over the mountains.

Cease-v.
1)to stop happening or existing; to stop sth from happening or existing:

- Welfare payments cease as soon as an individual starts a job.

-They voted to cease strike action immediately.

Certain-adj.

1)that you can rely on to happen or be true:

- It's certain that they will agree. - They are certain to agree

Certainly-adv.
1) without doubt SYN definitely: -Without treatment, she will almost certainly die.

- Certainly, the early years are crucial to a childs development. - Im certainly never going there again.

note at surely
2) (used in answer to questions) of course: -May I see your passport, Mr Scott? Certainly.

-Do you think all this money will change your life? Certainly not.

Chamber-n.
1) a hall in a public building that is used for formal meetings: -The members left the council chamber.

the Senate / House chambersee also Chamber of Commerce

2) one of the parts of a parliament: the Lower / Upper Chamber (= in Britain, the House of
Commons / House of Lords) . the Chamber of Deputies in the Italian parliament

3) (in compounds) a room used for the particular purpose that is mentioned: a burial chamber

- Divers transfer from the water to a decompression chamber.see also gas chamber

4) an space in the body, in a plant or in a machine, which is separated from the rest: the chambers of
the heart . the rockets combustion chamber . the chamber of a gun (= the part that holds the bullets)

Cheerful-adj.

1) happy, and showing it by the way that you behave: -Youre not your usual cheerful self today.

a cheerful, hard-working employee . a cheerful smile / voice

2) giving you a feeling of happiness: a bright, cheerful restaurant . walls painted in cheerful (= light and
bright) colours . a chatty, cheerful letter

Chief-n.
1)a person with a high rank or the highest rank in a company or an organization:

army / industry / police chiefs

2)(often as a title) a leader or ruler of a people or community:

Chin-n.
the part of the face below the mouth and above the neck

Chip-n.,v.

Noun.
1)the place from which a small piece of wood, glass, etc. has broken from an object:

-This mug has a chip in it.

2) a small piece of wood, glass, etc. that has broken off an object: chips of wood . chocolate chip cookies
(= biscuits containing small pieces of chocolate)

Circumstance-n.

1)the conditions and facts that are connected with and affect a situation, an event or an action:

-The company reserves the right to cancel this agreement in certain circumstances.

- I know I can trust her in any circumstance.

Civil-adj.

1) connected with the people who live in a country: civil unrest (= that is caused by groups of people
within a country) see also civil war (a war between groups of people in the same country)

Claim-
Verb-

SAY STH IS TRUE

1)to say that sth is true although it has not been proved and other people may not believe it:

Scientists are claiming a major breakthrough in the fight against cancer.

Noun-

1)claim (that ) a statement that sth is true although it has not been proved and other people may not
agree with or believe it:

-The singer has denied the magazines claim that she is leaving the band.

Classic-n.
1)a book, film / movie or song which is well known and considered to be of very high quality, setting
standards for other books, etc.:
English classics such as Alice in Wonderland

2)a thing that is an excellent example of its kind:

-That match was a classic.

Clerk-n.
1)a person whose job is to keep the records or accounts in an office, shop / store etc. :an office clerk

Click-n.

1) a short sharp sound: -The door closed with a click.

2) the act of pressing the button on a computer mouse

Client-n.
1)a person who uses the services or advice of a professional person or organization:

a lawyer with many famous

-Social workers must always consider the best interests of their clients.

Coast-n.
1) the land beside or near to the sea or ocean:

a town on the south coast of England ,islands off the west coast of Ireland

Collapse-v.
1) to fall down or fall in suddenly, often after breaking apart :

The roof collapsed under the weight of snow.

Colleague-n.
a person that you work with, especially in a profession or a business:

a colleague of mine from the office . -We were friends and colleagues for more than 20 years.

the Prime Minister and his Cabinet colleagues

Comfort-n.
1) the state of being physically relaxed and free from pain; the state of having a pleasant life, with
everything that you need:

-These tennis shoes are designed for comfort and performance

- The hotel offers a high standard of comfort and service.

- They had enough money to live in comfort in their old age.

2) a feeling of not suffering or worrying so much; a feeling of being less unhappy SYN consolation:

to take / draw comfort from sbs words .

-I tried to offer a few words of comfort. - The sound of gunfire was too close for comfort.

3) a person or thing that helps you when you are suffering, worried or unhappy:

-The children have been a great comfort to me through all of this.

- Its a comfort to know that she is safe.

4) [C, usually pl.] a thing that makes your life easier or more comfortable:

-The hotel has all modern comforts / every modern comfort.

material comforts (= money and possessions)see also creature comforts

Commit-v.

1) commit a crime, etc. to do sth wrong or illegal: to commit murder / adultery, etc.

-Most crimes are committed by young men.

Commitment-n.

1) commitment (to sb/sth) | commitment to do sth a promise to do sth or to behave in a particular way;
a promise to support sb/sth; the fact of committing yourself:

-The companys commitment to providing quality at a reasonable price has been vital to its success.

-the governments commitment to public services

2) a thing that you have promised or agreed to do, or that you have to do:

- Women very often have to juggle work with their family commitments.
Compete-v.
1)compete (with / against sb) (for sth) to try to be more successful or better than sb else who is trying to
do the same as you: -Several companies are competing for the contract.

Complaint-n.
1) complaint (about / against sb/sth) | complaint (that ) a reason for not being satisfied; a statement
that sb makes saying that they are not satisfied:

-The most common complaint is about poor service.

- We received a number of complaints from customers about the lack of parking facilities.

Complex-
Adj.

1)made of many different things or parts that are connected; difficult to understand

SYN complicated: complex machinery : the complex structure of the human brain

Noun

a group of buildings of a similar type together in one place: a sports complex ,an industrial complex

Complicate-v.

1)to make sth more difficult to do, understand or deal with:

-I do not wish to complicate the task more than is necessary.

-The issue is complicated by the fact that a vital document is missing.

Concentration-n.

1) the ability to direct all your effort and attention on one thing, without thinking of other things:

-This book requires a great deal of concentration.

Concern-
Verb

1) to affect sb; to involve sb:

-Dont interfere in what doesnt concern you.

Noun

1) concern (about / for / over sth/sb) | concern (that ) a feeling of worry, especially one that is shared
by many people:

-There is growing concern about violence on television.

OXFORD 3000 (important words)

Abandon-

abandon sb (to sth)- to leave sb, especially sb you are responsible for, with no intention of returning:

-The baby had been abandoned by its mother.

-The study showed a deep fear among the elderly of being abandoned to the care of strangers.

abandon sth (to sb/sth)- to leave a thing or place, especially because it is impossible or dangerous to
stay - SYN leave:

-Snow forced many drivers to abandon their vehicles.

-They had to abandon their lands to the invading forces.

-He gave the order to abandon ship (= to leave the ship because it was sinking).

Abuse-n.
1) abuse (of sth) the use of sth in a way that is wrong or harmful SYN misuse:

alcohol / drug / solvent abuse . -He was arrested on charges of corruption and abuse of power.

2) unfair, cruel or violent treatment of sb: child abuse . sexual abuse .

reported abuses by the secret police . - She suffered years of physical abuse.

Verb.

1) to make bad use of sth, or to use so much of sth that it harms your health: to abuse alcohol / drugs .
-He systematically abused his body with heroin and cocaine.

2) to use power or knowledge unfairly or wrongly: -She abused her position as principal by giving jobs to
her friends.
3) to treat a person or an animal in a cruel or violent way, especially sexually:

-All the children had been physically and emotionally abused. -The boy had been sexually abused.

4) to make rude or offensive remarks to or about sb SYN insult:

-The referee had been threatened and abused.

Accompany-

1)to travel or go somewhere with sb:

-His wife accompanied him on the trip.

2)to happen or appear with sth else:

-strong winds accompanied by heavy rain . -Each pack contains a book and accompanying CD.

Accuse-

accuse sb (of sth)- to say that sb has done sth wrong or is guilty of sth:to accuse sb of murder

-She accused him of lying.

- The government was accused of incompetence. - They stand accused of crimes against humanity

Acknowledge-
ADMIT

to accept that sth is true:

- She refuses to acknowledge the need for reform.

-I did not acknowledge that he had done anything wrong.

-It is generally acknowledged to be true.

Adequate-
adequate (for sth) | adequate (to do sth) -enough in quantity, or good enough in quality, for a particular
purpose or need:an adequate supply of hot water

-The room was small but adequate.

-The space available is not adequate for our needs.

-There is a lack of adequate provision for disabled students.

-He didnt give an adequate answer to the question.

Admiration-n.
a feeling of respect and liking for sb/sth:

-I have great admiration for her as a writer.

Admire-v.

to respect sb for what they are or for what they have done:

-I really admire your enthusiasm.

-The school is widely admired for its excellent teaching.

Admit-v.
SYN -confess: [v] -She admits to being strict with her children.

-Dont be afraid to admit to your mistakes.

-It was a stupid thing to do, I admit.

- He admitted all his mistakes. -She stubbornly refuses to admit the truth.

Adventure-n.

1) an unusual, exciting or dangerous experience, journey or series of events:

her adventures travelling in Africa When youre a child, life is one big adventure.

2) excitement and the willingness to take risks, try new ideas, etc.: a sense / spirit of adventure

Affair-n.

PUBLIC / POLITICAL ACTIVITIES

1)affairs [pl.] events that are of public interest or political importance:

world / international / business affairs . an expert on foreign affairs (= political events in other
countries) . affairs of statesee also current affairs

EVENT
2) [C, usually sing.] an event that people are talking about or describing in a particular way:

-The newspapers exaggerated the whole affair wildly. -The debate was a pretty disappointing affair.
RELATIONSHIP

3) a sexual relationship between two people, usually when one or both of them is married to sb else:

-She is having an affair with her boss.see also love affair

Affection-n.

the feeling of liking or loving sb/sth very much and caring about them:

-Mr Darcys affection for his sister .

- Children need lots of love and affection.

Afterwards-adv.

at a later time; after an event that has already been mentioned:

-Afterwards she was sorry for what shed said.

- Lets go out now and eat afterwards.

-Shortly afterwards he met her again.

Agency-n.
1) a business or an organization that provides a particular service especially on behalf of other
businesses or organizations: an advertising / employment agency

- You can book at your local travel agency.

international aid agencies caring for refugeessee also dating agency, news agency, press agency

2) (especially NAmE) a government department that provides a particular service:

the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA)

Ahead-adv
further forward in space or time; in front:

-Ill run ahead and warn them.

The road ahead was blocked.

Aid-n.,v.
.noun

money, food, etc. that is sent to help countries in difficult

situations:economic / humanitarian / emergency aid

- An extra 10 million in foreign aid has been promised.

aid agencies (= organizations that provide help) medical aid programmes

Ally-n.,v.

.noun

1) a country that has agreed to help and support another country, especially in case of a war

2 )a person who helps and supports sb who is in a difficult situation, especially a politician:

-a close ally and friend of the prime minister

.verb

(allies, allying, allied, allied) ally (yourself) with sb/sth to give your support to another group or
country: - The prince allied himself with the Scots.

Allied-adj.
1) [only before noun] connected with countries that unite to fight a war together, especially the
countries that fought together against Germany in the First and Second World Wars:

-Italy joined the war on the Allied side in 1915. . allied forces / troops

2) allied (to / with sth) (formal) (of two or more things) similar or existing together; connected with sth:
medicine, nursing, physiotherapy and other allied professions

- In this job you will need social skills allied with technical knowledge.

Alongside-
1)next to or at the side of sth:

-A police car pulled up alongside us.

2)together with or at the same time as sth/sb:

-Traditional beliefs still flourish alongside a modern urban lifestyle.

-Nick caught up with me and rode alongside.

Amuse-v

1)to make sb laugh or smile:

-My funny drawings amused the kids. -This will amuse you.

- It amused him to think that they were probably talking about him at that very moment.

2) to make time pass pleasantly for sb/yourself SYN entertain:

-Im sure Ill be able to amuse myself for a few hours.

Analysis-n.

1)the detailed study or examination of sth in order to understand more about it; the result of the study:
statistical analysis . - The book is an analysis of poverty and its causes.

2) a careful examination of a substance in order to find out what it consists of:

-The blood samples are sent to the laboratory for analysis.

Annoying-adj.

making sb feel slightly angry SYN irritating:

-This interruption is very annoying. - Her most annoying habit was eating with her mouth open.

Anticipate- v

1)to expect sth:

-We dont anticipate any major problems. - Our anticipated arrival time is 8.30.

-It is anticipated that inflation will stabilize at 3%.compare unanticipated

2)to see what might happen in the future and take action to prepare for it:
- We need someone who can anticipate and respond to changes in the fashion industry

Anxiety- n.

1) anxiety (about / over sth) the state of feeling nervous or worried that sth bad is going to happen:
acute / intense / deep anxiety

-Some hospital patients experience high levels of anxiety.

2) a worry or fear about sth:

-If youre worried about your health, share your anxieties with your doctor.

Anxious-adj.
1)anxious (about sth) | anxious (for sb) -feeling worried or nervous:

-He seemed anxious about the meeting. - Parents are naturally anxious for their children.

note at worried

2)causing anxiety; showing anxiety:

-There were a few anxious moments in the baseball game.

an anxious look / face / expression

Apart-adv.
1) separated by a distance, of space or time:

-The two houses stood 500 metres apart. - Their birthdays are only three days apart.

2) not together; separate or separately:

-Were living apart now. - She keeps herself apart from other people.

Apologize-v.

apologize (to sb) (for sth) -to say that you are sorry for doing sth wrong or causing a problem:

-Why should I apologize? -Go and apologize to her. - We apologize for the late departure of this flight.

Apparent-adj.
-easy to see or understand SYN obvious:

-It was apparent from her face that she was really upset. -Their devotion was apparent.

-It soon became apparent to everyone that he couldnt sing.

note at- clear

Appeal-n.

1)appeal (against sth) a formal request to a court or to sb in authority for a judgement or a decision to
be changed: to lodge an appeal . to file an appeal

2) appeal (to sb) (for sth) | appeal to sb to do sth an urgent and deeply felt request for money, help or
information, especially one made by a charity or by the police:

to launch a TV appeal for donations to the charity . a look of silent appeal .

-The childs mother made an emotional appeal on TV for his return.

Appoint-v.

appoint sb (to sth) | appoint sb (as) sth -to choose sb for a job or position of responsibility:

- They have appointed a new head teacher at my sons school.

- She has recently been appointed to the committee.

Appreciate-v.
1)to recognize the good qualities of sb/sth:

-You cant really appreciate foreign literature in translation.

- His talents are not fully appreciated in that company. - Her family doesnt appreciate her.

2)to be grateful for sth that sb has done; to welcome sth:

- Id appreciate some help. -Your support is greatly appreciated. - Thanks for coming. I appreciate it.

- I would appreciate it if you paid in cash. -I dont appreciate being treated like a second-class citizen.

Approve-v.
to think that sb/sth is good, acceptable or suitable:
-I told my mother I wanted to leave school but she didnt approve. - Do you approve of my idea?

Approximately-adv.

used to show that sth is almost, but not completely, accurate or correct:

-The journey took approximately seven hours.

Argue-v.
1) argue (with sb) (about / over sth) to speak angrily to sb because you disagree with them:

-My brothers are always arguing. - Were always arguing with each other about money.

2)argue (for / against sth) | argue (for / against doing sth) to give reasons why you think that sth is
right / wrong, true / not true, etc., especially to persuade people that you are right:

-They argued for the right to strike. - She argued the case for bringing back the death penalty.

Ashamed-adj.
1) ashamed (of sth/sb / yourself) | ashamed (that ) | ashamed (to be sth) feeling shame or
embarrassment about sb/sth or because of sth you have done:

-She was deeply ashamed of her behaviour at the party. -Mental illness is nothing to be ashamed of.

2) ashamed to do sth unwilling to do sth because of shame or embarrassment:

-Im ashamed to say that I lied to her. - I cried at the end and Im not ashamed to admit it.

Aspect-n.
1) a particular part or feature of a situation, an idea, a problem, etc.; a way in which it may be
considered: -The book aims to cover all aspects of city life.the most important aspect of the debate .

- She felt she had looked at the problem from every aspect.

Assist-v

assist (sb) (in / with sth) | assist (sb) (in doing sth) -to help sb to do sth:

- Well do all we can to assist you. - We will assist you in finding somewhere to live.

- The play was directed by Mike Johnson, assisted by Sharon Gale.

- Two men are assisting the police with their enquiries (= are being questioned by the police).

Assistance-n.

assistance (with sth) | assistance (in doing sth / to do sth) - help or

support:technical / economic / military assistance /financial assistance for people on low incomes

- Can I be of any assistance? - Despite his cries, no one came to his assistance.

- She offered me practical assistance with my research

Assistant-n.

1)a person who helps or supports sb, usually in their job:

-My assistant will now demonstrate the machine in action. a senior research assistant

see also PDA, personal assistant, teaching assistant

2)(BrE) = shop assistant:a sales assistant in a department store

Adjective.

1) [only before noun] (abbr. Asst) (often in titles) having a rank below a senior person and helping them
in their work: the assistant manager . Assistant Chief Constable Owen

Assume-v.
to think or accept that sth is true but without having proof of it:
- It is reasonable to assume (that) the economy will continue to improve.

- Let us assume for a moment that the plan succeeds.

- She would, he assumed, be home at the usual time.

- It is generally assumed that stress is caused by too much work.

Assure-v.
assure sb (of sth) to tell sb that sth is definitely true or is definitely going to happen, especially when
they have doubts about it: -You think I did it deliberately, but I assure you (that) I did not

- Shes perfectly safe, I can assure you. - We assured him of our support.

2) assure yourself (of sth) to make yourself certain about sth: -He assured himself of her safety.
3) to make sth certain to happen SYN guarantee: - Victory would assure a place in the finals.

Attitude-n.

attitude (to / towards sb/sth) -the way that you think and feel about sb/sth; the way that you behave
towards sb/sth that shows how you think and feel:
changes in public attitudes to marriage / the governments attitude towards single parents

to have a good / bad / positive / negative attitude towards sb/sth

- Youth is simply an attitude of mind.

- If you want to pass your exams youd better change your attitude!

Attorney-n.

1)(especially NAmE) a lawyer, especially one who can act for sb in court
note at lawyer

2)a person who is given the power to act on behalf of another in business or legal matters:
-She was made her fathers attorney when he became ill.

Aware-adj.

knowing or realizing sth:

-I dont think people are really aware of just how much it costs. -He was well aware of the problem.

Awful-adj.

1) very bad or unpleasant: -Thats an awful colour. - They didnt even offer to pay. Oh thats awful.

-Its awful, isnt it? -Theres an awful smell in here. note at terrible

2) (informal) used to emphasize sth, especially that there is a large amount or too much of sth:

-Its going to cost an awful lot of money.

Awkward-adj.
1)making you feel embarrassed:
-There was an awkward silence.

2)difficult to deal with

SYN difficult:
-Dont ask awkward questions. -Youve put me in an awkward position.
an awkward customer (= a person who is difficult to deal with)

- Please dont be awkward about letting him come.

3)not convenient
SYN inconvenient:
-Have I come at an awkward time?

4)difficult or dangerous because of its shape or design:

-This box is very awkward for one person to carry.

Baggage-n.
(especially NAmE) = luggage:
excess baggage (= weighing more than the limit allowed on a plane) | baggage handlers (= people
employed to load and unload baggage at airports)

- (NAmE) We loaded our baggage into the car.

Barrier-n.
1)an object like a fence that prevents people from moving forward from one place to another:
-The crowd had to stand behind barriers. - Show your ticket at the barrier.
2)barrier (to sth) a problem, rule or situation that prevents sb from doing sth, or that makes sth
impossible: |the removal of trade barriers

- Lack of confidence is a psychological barrier to success.

Base-n.
1) [C, usually sing.] the lowest part of sth, especially the part or surface on which it rests or stands:

the base of a column / glass . a pain at the base of the spine . - The lamp has a heavy base.

2) a place where an army, a navy, etc. operates from: a military / naval base . an air base

- After the attack, they returned to base.

Basically-adv.

1)in the most important ways, without considering things that are less important
SYN essentially:
-Yes, thats basically correct. - The two approaches are basically very similar.
- There have been some problems but basically its a good system.

2)used when you are giving your opinion or stating what is important about a situation:
-Basically, theres not a lot we can do about it.

-He basically just sits there and does nothing all day. And thats it, basically.

Bear-v.

1) (used with can / could in negative sentences and questions) to be able to accept and deal with sth
unpleasant SYN stand: - The pain was almost more than he could bear.

- She couldnt bear the thought of losing him.

Behalf-n.

in behalf of sb | in sbs behalf(US) -in order to help sb:

-We collected money in behalf of the homeless. on behalf of sb | on sbs behalf

1)as the representative of sb or instead of them:

-On behalf of the department I would like to thank you all. -Mr Knight cannot be here, so his wife will
accept the prize on his behalf.

2)because of sb; for sb:

Dont worry on my behalf.

Beneath-prep.
1)in or to a lower position than sb/sth; under sb/sth:

They found the body buried beneath a pile of leaves. - The boat sank beneath the waves.

Beside-prep.
1)next to or at the side of sb/sth:

-He sat beside her all night. - a mill beside a stream

Bet-v.

1) bet (sth) (on / against sth) to risk money on a race or an event by trying to predict the result:

You have to be over 16 to bet. - He bet $2 000 on the final score of the game.

2) (informal) used to say that you are almost certain that sth is true or that sth will happen
-I bet (that) were too late

Noun.

1)an arrangement to risk money, etc. on the result of a particular event; the money that you risk in this
way: to win / lose a bet . - Weve got a bet on whos going to arrive first. - He had a bet on the horses.
2) (informal) an opinion about what is likely to happen or to have happened:

My bet is that theyve been held up in traffic.

Beyond-prep.

1)on or to the further side of sth:

-The road continues beyond the village up into the hills.

2)later than a particular time:

-It wont go on beyond midnight.

Bid-verb

1)to offer to pay a particular price for sth, especially at an auction:

- I bid 2000 for the painting. - We wanted to buy the chairs but another couple were bidding against us.

Bin-n.
1) (BrE) a container that you put waste in:a rubbish bin see also dustbin, waste bin

2) a large container, usually with a lid, for storing things in: a bread bin

Verb.

1) (BrE, informal) to throw sth away: -Do you need to keep these letters or shall we bin them?

Bit-noun

SYN : a little:

-These trousers are a bit tight. - I can lend you fifty pounds, if you want. That should help a bit.

Bitter-adj.
1) (of arguments, disagreements, etc.) very serious and unpleasant, with a lot of anger and hatred
involved: a long and bitter dispute

2) (of people) feeling angry and unhappy because you feel that you have been treated unfairly:

-She is very bitter about losing her job.

3) [usually before noun] making you feel very unhappy; caused by great unhappiness:

to weep / shed bitter tears . -Losing the match was a bitter disappointment for the team.

4) (of food, etc.) having a strong, unpleasant taste; not sweet:

-Black coffee leaves a bitter taste in the mouth. compare sweet

5) (of weather conditions) extremely cold and unpleasant: bitter cold . a bitter wind .

- Its really bitter out today.

Blame-v.

blame sb/sth (for sth) | blame sth on sb/sth to think or say that sb/sth is responsible for sth bad:

-She doesnt blame anyone for her fathers death. - A dropped cigarette is being blamed for the fire.

Bore-
verb

1)to make sb feel bored, especially by talking too much:

-Has he been boring you with his stories about his trip?

2)bore (into / through sth) to make a long deep hole with a tool or by digging:

- The drill is strong enough to bore through solid rock. - to bore a hole in sth

Noun

1)a person who is very boring, usually because they talk too much.

Bother-n.,v.
1)trouble or difficulty:
-I dont want to put you to any bother (= cause you any trouble).

Bound-adj.
1)bound (by sth) | bound (by sth) (to do sth) forced to do sth by law, duty or a particular situation:

-We are not bound by the decision. - You are bound by the contract to pay before the end of the month.

Breath-n.

1)the air that you take into your lungs and send out again:

-His breath smelt of garlic.

Breathe-v.
1)to take air into your lungs and send it out again through your nose or mouth:

- He breathed deeply before speaking again

Breed-v.

1) [v] (of animals) to have sex and produce young:

-Many animals breed only at certain times of the year.see also interbreed

2) breed sth (for / as sth) to keep animals or plants in order to produce young ones in a controlled way:

-The rabbits are bred for their long coats.

Brief-adj.

adjective (briefer , briefest)

1) lasting only a short time; short: a brief visit / meeting / conversation . a brief pause / silence

- Mozarts life was brief.

2) using few words: a brief description / summary / account

- Please be brief (= say what you want to say quickly).

3) (of clothes) short and not covering much of the body: a brief skirt
see also brevity, briefly

Brilliant-adj.

1) extremely clever or impressive: What a brilliant idea! . a brilliant performance / invention

2) very successful: a brilliant career . - The play was a brilliant success.

3) very intelligent or skilful: a brilliant young scientist .

- She has one of the most brilliant minds in the country. note at intelligent

4) (of light or colours) very bright: brilliant sunshine . brilliant blue eyes note at bright

5) (BrE, informal) very good; excellent: -How was it? Brilliant!

- Thanks. Youve been brilliant (= very helpful).

Broad-adj.

1) wide: a broad street / avenue / river . broad shoulders . - He is tall, broad and muscular.

. a broad smile / grin (= one in which your mouth is stretched very wide because you are very pleased or
amused) OPP narrow

2) used after a measurement of distance to show how wide sth is: two metres broad and one metre high

3) including a great variety of people or things: a broad range of products

a broad spectrum of interests . - There is broad support for the governments policies . OPP narrow

Bury-v.

1) to place a dead body in a grave:He was buried in Highgate Cemetery.

-Their ambitions were finally dead and buried.

3) to hide sth in the ground: buried treasure . The dog had buried its bone in the garden.

4) to cover sb/sth with soil, rocks, leaves, etc.: -The house was buried under ten feet of snow.

5) to cover sth so that it cannot be seen: -Your letter got buried under a pile of papers.

6) to ignore or hide a feeling, a mistake, etc.: -She had learnt to bury her feelings.

Bush-n.
1) a plant that grows thickly with several hard stems coming up from the root:

a rose bush . holly bushescompare tree

2) a thing that looks like a bush, especially an area of thick hair or fur

Cabinet-n.
1)a group of chosen members of a government, which is responsible for advising and deciding on
government policy:

a cabinet meeting , a cabinet minister

Campaign-n.
1)campaign (against / for sth) a series of planned activities that are intended to achieve a particular
social, commercial or political aim:

. an anti-smoking campaign

Candidate-n.
1)candidate (for sth) a person who is trying to be elected or is applying for a job:

-He stood as a candidate in the local elections. - There were a large number of candidates for the job.

2)(BrE) a person taking an exam: -a candidate for the degree of MPhil

Capable-adj.

1) capable of sth / of doing sth having the ability or qualities necessary for doing sth:

-Hes quite capable of lying to get out of trouble. - Im perfectly capable of doing it myself, thank you.
2) having the ability to do things well SYN skilled, competent: -Shes a very capable teacher.

Capture-v.

1) to catch a person or an animal and keep them as a prisoner or in a confined space:

-Allied troops captured over 300 enemy soldiers.

2) to take control of a place, building, etc. using force: -The city was captured in 1941.

3) capture sb/sth on film / tape / canvas, etc. to film / record / paint, etc. sb/sth:
-The attack was captured on film by security cameras.

Career-n.

1) the series of jobs that a person has in a particular area of work, usually involving more responsibility
as time passes: a career in politics . a teaching career . - What made you decide on a career as a vet?

-She has been concentrating on her career - note at work

2) the period of time that you spend in your life working or doing a particular thing:

-She started her career as an English teacher. - He is playing the best tennis of his career.

Case-n.
SITUATION

1)a particular situation or a situation of a particular type:

-In some cases people have had to wait several weeks for an appointment.

Cast-v.

1)to look, smile, etc. in a particular direction:

- She cast a welcoming smile in his direction.

LIGHT / A SHADOW

2) to make light, a shadow, etc. appear in a particular place:

-The setting sun cast an orange glow over the mountains.

Cease-v.

1)to stop happening or existing; to stop sth from happening or existing:

- Welfare payments cease as soon as an individual starts a job.

-They voted to cease strike action immediately.

Certain-adj.

1)that you can rely on to happen or be true:

- It's certain that they will agree. - They are certain to agree

Certainly-adv.

1) without doubt SYN definitely: -Without treatment, she will almost certainly die.

- Certainly, the early years are crucial to a childs development. - Im certainly never going there again.

note at surely

2) (used in answer to questions) of course: -May I see your passport, Mr Scott? Certainly.

-Do you think all this money will change your life? Certainly not.

Chamber-n.

1) a hall in a public building that is used for formal meetings: -The members left the council chamber.

the Senate / House chambersee also Chamber of Commerce

2) one of the parts of a parliament: the Lower / Upper Chamber (= in Britain, the House of
Commons / House of Lords) . the Chamber of Deputies in the Italian parliament

3) (in compounds) a room used for the particular purpose that is mentioned: a burial chamber

- Divers transfer from the water to a decompression chamber.see also gas chamber

4) an space in the body, in a plant or in a machine, which is separated from the rest: the chambers of
the heart . the rockets combustion chamber . the chamber of a gun (= the part that holds the bullets)

Cheerful-adj.

1) happy, and showing it by the way that you behave: -Youre not your usual cheerful self today.

a cheerful, hard-working employee . a cheerful smile / voice

2) giving you a feeling of happiness: a bright, cheerful restaurant . walls painted in cheerful (= light and
bright) colours . a chatty, cheerful letter

Chief-n.
1)a person with a high rank or the highest rank in a company or an organization:

army / industry / police chiefs

2)(often as a title) a leader or ruler of a people or community:

Chin-n.
the part of the face below the mouth and above the neck

Chip-n.,v.

Noun.

1)the place from which a small piece of wood, glass, etc. has broken from an object:

-This mug has a chip in it.

2) a small piece of wood, glass, etc. that has broken off an object: chips of wood . chocolate chip cookies
(= biscuits containing small pieces of chocolate)

Circumstance-n.

1)the conditions and facts that are connected with and affect a situation, an event or an action:

-The company reserves the right to cancel this agreement in certain circumstances.

- I know I can trust her in any circumstance.

Civil-adj.
1) connected with the people who live in a country: civil unrest (= that is caused by groups of people
within a country) see also civil war (a war between groups of people in the same country)

Claim-
Verb-

SAY STH IS TRUE

1)to say that sth is true although it has not been proved and other people may not believe it:

Scientists are claiming a major breakthrough in the fight against cancer.

Noun-
1)claim (that ) a statement that sth is true although it has not been proved and other people may not
agree with or believe it:

-The singer has denied the magazines claim that she is leaving the band.

Classic-n.

1)a book, film / movie or song which is well known and considered to be of very high quality, setting
standards for other books, etc.:

English classics such as Alice in Wonderland

2)a thing that is an excellent example of its kind:

-That match was a classic.

Clerk-n.

1)a person whose job is to keep the records or accounts in an office, shop / store etc. :an office clerk

Click-n.
1) a short sharp sound: -The door closed with a click.

2) the act of pressing the button on a computer mouse

Client-n.

1)a person who uses the services or advice of a professional person or organization:

a lawyer with many famous

-Social workers must always consider the best interests of their clients.

Coast-n.

1) the land beside or near to the sea or ocean:

a town on the south coast of England ,islands off the west coast of Ireland

Collapse-v.
1) to fall down or fall in suddenly, often after breaking apart :

The roof collapsed under the weight of snow.

Colleague-n.
a person that you work with, especially in a profession or a business:

a colleague of mine from the office . -We were friends and colleagues for more than 20 years.

the Prime Minister and his Cabinet colleagues

Comfort-n.
1) the state of being physically relaxed and free from pain; the state of having a pleasant life, with
everything that you need:

-These tennis shoes are designed for comfort and performance

- The hotel offers a high standard of comfort and service.

- They had enough money to live in comfort in their old age.

2) a feeling of not suffering or worrying so much; a feeling of being less unhappy SYN consolation:

to take / draw comfort from sbs words .

-I tried to offer a few words of comfort. - The sound of gunfire was too close for comfort.

3) a person or thing that helps you when you are suffering, worried or unhappy:

-The children have been a great comfort to me through all of this.

- Its a comfort to know that she is safe.

4) [C, usually pl.] a thing that makes your life easier or more comfortable:

-The hotel has all modern comforts / every modern comfort.

material comforts (= money and possessions)see also creature comforts

Commit-v.

1) commit a crime, etc. to do sth wrong or illegal: to commit murder / adultery, etc.

-Most crimes are committed by young men.

Commitment-n.
1) commitment (to sb/sth) | commitment to do sth a promise to do sth or to behave in a particular way;
a promise to support sb/sth; the fact of committing yourself:

-The companys commitment to providing quality at a reasonable price has been vital to its success.

-the governments commitment to public services

2) a thing that you have promised or agreed to do, or that you have to do:

- Women very often have to juggle work with their family commitments.

Compete-v.

1)compete (with / against sb) (for sth) to try to be more successful or better than sb else who is trying to
do the same as you: -Several companies are competing for the contract.

Complaint-n.

1) complaint (about / against sb/sth) | complaint (that ) a reason for not being satisfied; a statement
that sb makes saying that they are not satisfied:

-The most common complaint is about poor service.

- We received a number of complaints from customers about the lack of parking facilities.

Complex-
Adj.

1)made of many different things or parts that are connected; difficult to understand

SYN complicated: complex machinery : the complex structure of the human brain

Noun

a group of buildings of a similar type together in one place: a sports complex ,an industrial complex

Complicate-v.
1)to make sth more difficult to do, understand or deal with:

-I do not wish to complicate the task more than is necessary.

-The issue is complicated by the fact that a vital document is missing.

Concentration-n.
1) the ability to direct all your effort and attention on one thing, without thinking of other things:

-This book requires a great deal of concentration.

Concern-

Verb

1) to affect sb; to involve sb:

-Dont interfere in what doesnt concern you.

Noun

1) concern (about / for / over sth/sb) | concern (that ) a feeling of worry, especially one that is shared
by many people:

-There is growing concern about violence on television.