1.

Amanda Way's career as a social reformer____ in 1851 when, at an antislavery meeting in

Indiana, she called for a state woman's rights convention.
(A) begin
(B) began
(C) have begun
(D) to have begun

2. The celesta, an orchestral percussion instrument, resembles___.

(A) a small upright piano
(B) how a small upright piano
(C) a small upright piano is
(D) as a small upright piano

3. Thomas Paine, _____, wrote Common Sense, a pamphlet that identified the American
colonies with the cause of liberty.
(A) writer of eloquent
(B) whose eloquent writing
(C) an eloquent writer
(D) writing eloquent

4. Although beavers rarely remain submerged for more than two minutes, they can stay
underwater ___fifteen minutes before having to surface for air.
(A) as long
(B) as long as
(C) so long
(D) so long that

5. Protein digestion begins in the stomach ____ends in the small intestine.

(A) while
(B) and
(C) how
(D) because

6. When natural gas burns, its___ into atoms of carbon and hydrogen.
(A) hydrocarbon molecules, breaking up
(B) broke up by hydrocarbon molecules
(C) hydrocarbon molecules break up
(D) broken up hydrocarbon molecules

7. _____ ballet dancers learn five basic positions for the arms and feet.
(A) All of
(B) Of every
(C) All
(D) Every
8. Some colonies of bryozoans, small marine animals, form ___with trailing stems.
(A) creeping colonies
(B) which colonies creep
(C) creeping colonies are
(D) colonies creep

9. Ruth Bader Ginsburg argued six women's rights cases before the United States Supreme Court
in the 1970's,____
(A) of five winning them
(B) five winning of them
(C) of them five winning
(D) winning five of them

10. Natural selection is defined as the process ___the course of evolution by preserving those
traits best adapted for an organism's survival.
(A) to which directs
(B) of which directs it
(C) directs it
(D) that directs

11. ____ 363 miles between the cities of Albany and Buffalo in New York State, the Eric Canal
helped link the Atlantic Ocean with the Great Lakes.
(A) The extension of
(B) The extension
(C) Extending
(D) Extends

12.The chief sources of B12, a water-soluble vitamin ____ stored in the body, include meat, milk
and eggs.
(A) is not
(B) that is not
(C) not that is
(D) that not

13. ____ is rooted in experiments in iron and steel conducted in the nineteenth century.
(A) While the history of twentieth-century architecture
(B) The history of twentieth-century architecture
(C) That the history of twentieth-century architecture
(D) Both twentieth-century architecture and its history

14.The primary source of energy for tropical cyclones is the latent heat released when ____
(A) does water vapor condense
(B) condensed water vapor
(C) water vapor condenses
(D) the condensation of water vapor
15. Maufacturing is Canada's most important economic activity, ____17 percent of the
workforce.
(A) engages
(B) and to engage
(C) that it engage
(D) engaging
16. If the player scores another goal, the result ____ a draw.
A. is to be
B. will have been
C. will be
D. would be
E. would have been
Jawaban : C
Pembahasan:
Bentuk Conditional Type I dengan pattern : Subject + Present Tense + Subject + Future Tense
sehingga, If the player scores another goal, the result will be a draw

17. If you ___ I shall be very angry.

A. weren't going
B. don't go
C. hadn't been going
D. haven't been going
E. didn't go
Jawaban : B
Pembahasan :
Penggunaan shall, menunjukkan pada bentuk conditional sentence dengan Type I dengan pattern
:
Subject + Present Tense + Subject + Future Tense
Sehingga, If you don't go, I shall be very angry
18._____, I might borrow it from him.
A. Were the novel his
B. The novel were his
C. If his the novel
D. If the novel him
E. If his the novel
Jawaban : A
Pembahasan :
Penggunaan might, menunjukkan pada bentuk conditional sentence dengan Type II dengan pattern
:
Subject + Past Tense + Subject + might/ would/ could
Seharusnya : If the novel were his, I might borrow it from him
Penggunaan Inversi/ Pembalikan digunakan dalam kalimat tersebut,,
sehingga, Were the novel his, I might borrow it from him
19. "What would you do if you were a millionaire?
"_____ a trip around the world."
A. I will take
B. I would have taken
C. I would take
D. Me took
E. I took
Jawaban C
Pembahasan :
Penggunaan bentuk conditional sentence dengan Type II dengan pattern :
Subject + Past Tense + Subject + might/ would/ could
Sehingga, If I were a millionaire, I would take a trip around the world
20. "It would have been failure if _____."
A. The way-out was being found in time.
B. The way-out hasn't been found in time
C. the way-out would be found in time
D. the way -out hadn't been found in time
E. the way-out was found in time.
Jawaban :D
Pembahasan :
Penggunaan Conditional Sentence type III, ditunjukkan dengan It would have been failure
Sehingga, kalimat lengkapnya adalah It would have been failure, the way -out hadn't been
found in time
21. If we go to the top, we will have a nice view of Jakarta.
This sentence means _____
A. we have already seen Jakarta from the top
B. we are now looking and having a nice of Jakarta
C. we saw Jakarta last month
D. there is a possibility of seeing Jakarta from the top
E. there isn't any possibility of seeing Jakarta from top
Jawaban :D
Pembahasan :
Pada kalimat diatas, menggunakan bentuk Conditional Sentence Type I, dengan fakta yang
mungkin terjadi di masa akan datang, dan faktanya adalah "possibility" di masa datang.
Sehingga,
kalimat tersebut berarti "there is a possibility of seeing Jakarta from the top"
22. "If I had come to music festival, I would have met Raisya there."
This sentence means ____ .
A. I didn't come to the music festival but Raisya there
B. I had come to music festival in order to meet Raisya there
C. I didn't come to music festival so I didn't meet Raisya there
D. I come to music festival but I didn't meet Raisya there
E. I didn't come to music festival and Raisya was there.
Jawaban : C
Pembahasan
Pada kalimat diatas, menggunakan bentuk Conditional Sentence Type III, dengan fakta
"unreal condition in the past", sehingga,
Faktanya adalah "I didn't come to music festival so I didn't meet Raisya there"
23. He was at lost because he was not well informed.
It means : He wouldn't have been at lost _____
A. If he has well informed
B. If he were well informed
C. If he was not well informed
D. If he had been well informed
E. If he would not be well informed
Jawaban : B
Pembahasan
Pada kalimat diatas, menggunakan bentuk Conditional Sentence Type III, dengan fakta "unreal
condition in the past", dengan rumus If + Subject + had + past participle, Subject + would +have
+ past participle sehingga, "He wouldn't have been at lost If he had been well informed"
24. I am not a mechanic, so I can't fix it.
The sentence means _____ .
A. If I could be a mechanic, I had fixed it
B. If I have been a mechanic, I would have fixed it
C. If I were a mechanic, I could fix it
D. If I am a mechanic, I could fix it.
E. If I could have been a mechanic, I had fixed it.
Jawaban : D
Pembahasan :
Pada kalimat diatas, menggunakan bentuk Conditional Sentence Type I, dengan fakta yang
mungkin terjadi di masa akan datang, dan faktanya adalah "possibility" di masa datang.
Sehingga, kalimat tersebut bermakna "If I am a mechanic, I could fix it"
25. When the little boy saw the dog, he ran away and was bitten.
From the statement we can conclude that ______
A. If he hadn't run away, he wouldn't have been bitten
B. If he doesn't run away, he won't be bitten
C. If he hasn't run away, he wouldn't be bitten
D. If he hasn't run away, he wouldn't be bitten
E. Unless he run away, he wouldn't be bitten
Jawaban : A
Pembahasan :
Pada kalimat diatas, menggunakan bentuk Conditional Sentence Type III, dengan fakta
"unreal condition in the past", dengan rumus If + Subject + had + past participle, Subject +
would +have + past participle sehingga, "If he hadn't run away, he wouldn't have been bitten"

Pembahasan Soal 1-15

1. Jawaban (B) began.
Kalimat tersebut terdiri dari dua clause:
1. Amanda Way's career as a social reformer____ in 1851 when
2. she called for a state woman's rights convention.
Anda bisa lihat bahwa clause pertama kehilangan verb (kata kerja) olehnya yang harus kita cari
yaitu verb yang bisa mengisi clause tersebut. Jawaban A salah. Clause ke dua menggunakan kata
kerja bentuk past (called) jadi begin yang berbentuk present tidak paralel dengan clause ke dua
tersebut. Kalimat harus paralel. Jawaban C berbentu past perfect. Ingat past perfect tak akan
menggunakan kata keterangan waktu yang pasti seperti pada kalimat ini. Kata keterangan waktu
yang pasti pada klaimat ini yaitu in 1851. Jawaban D lebih jelas tak sesuai.

2. Jawaban (A) a small upright piano.

Kalimat ini membutuhkan objek dari kata kerja resemble = mirip.

3. Jawaban (C) an eloquent writer.

Di antara ke dua koma stelah subject itu membutuhkan appositive yang menjelaskan terkait
identitas subject Thomas Paine.

4. Jawaban (B) as long as.

as long as = and.

5. Jawaban (B) and.

dua kata kerja begins dan ends. jadi dibutuhkan kata penghubung and untuk menghubungkannya.

6. Jawaban (C) hydrocarbon molecules break up.

Kata its membutuhkan Noun (phrase) setelahnya. Phrase hydrocarbon molecules sesuai dengan
persyaratan in, sementara kata break up menjadi verb dari its hydrocarbon molecules.

7. kunci jawaban (C) All.

Jika menggunakan jawaban A maka seharusya all of the ballet dancers. Jawaban D salah. Kata
every harus bertemu noun singular sementara dancers berbentuk jamak.

8. Jawaban (A) creeping colonies.

Kata kerja form membutuhkan object.

9. Jawaban yang benar yaitu (D) winning five of them.

Hanya saja saya kurang yakin bagaimana cara menjelaskannya. Kalau saya lihat-lihat bentuk ini
masuk di reduction (adverb clause). Jadi winning five of them itu merupakan phrase yang
direduksi (hasil reduction) dari adverb clause. Hanya saja yang saya lihat di buku referensi saya -
Betty semua contoh Phrase hasil reduction dari adverb clause posisinya di depan kalimat. Jadi
itulah mengapa saya kurang yakin dengan penjelasan terkait soal ini. Menurut saya inilah soal
TOEFL. Kalau kita perhatikan di buku-buku akademik tingkat advanced banyak kalimat yg
menurut kita agak aneh.

10. Jawaban yang sesuai adalah (D) that directs.

Jawaban soal ini terkait penggunaan adjective clause yang menjelaskan kata the process.

11. Jawaban yang benar yaitu (C) Extending.

Pelajari tentang reduction dalam adverb clause.
Extending 363 miles between the cities of Albany and Buffalo in New York State. merupkan
hasil reduction dari the Eric Canal extends 363 miles between the cities of Albany and Buffalo in
New York State.

12. Jawaban yang tepat ialah (B) that is not.

Ada dua clause:
1. The chief sources of B12 include meat, milk and eggs.
2. a water-soluble vitamin ____ stored in the body.
Clause ke dua menjelaskan subejct dari clause pertama. Clause ke dua tersebut membutuhkan
verb.

13. Jawaban yang benar yaitu (B) The history of twentieth-century architecture.
Kalimat ini membutuhkas subject.

14. Jawaban yang benar yaitu (C) water vapor condenses.

Sudah jelas

15. Jawaban (D) engaging.

Mirip dengan bentuk soal no. 9.