Suggested solutions For 2015 Year 5 H1 Chemistry Common Test

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
B A C C A D A D A C

Working for Suggested Solns for 2015 Year 5 H1 Chemistry Common Test Section A

Q1 Q5
-3
Amt of H3PO3 = 30/1000 x 0.05 = 1.5 x 10 mol Since both CsF and NaCl have the same giant ionic
-3
Amt of NaOH = 15/1000 x 0.20 = 3 x 10 mol lattice structure, the difference in their melting points
is not due to different packing effects. Options B and
Amt of H3PO3 : Amt of NaOH = 1 : 2 D are incorrect as there are no covalent bonds or
H3PO3 + 2NaOH Na2HPO3 + 2H2O molecules involved.
Ans : B
Melting overcomes the ionic bonds in the giant ionic
Q2 lattice.
After complete combustion of the hydrocarbon, there
q q
is excess oxygen, carbon dioxide and steam/water in |lattice energy|
gaseous form. r r
When cooled to room temperature, gaseous water
will become liquid water and hence the decrease by Consider the following factors:
3
90 cm was the volume of water produced. Same cationic charge, but different cationic radius
The concentrated base would then react with the + +
Na and Cs have the same charge, but ionic
carbon dioxide produced and hence the decrease by +
radius of Na < ionic radius of Cs
+
3
120 cm is the volume of carbon dioxide produced. If the anion of both ionic compounds were the
same, this factor alone would cause the lattice
CxHy + (x+y/4)O2 xCO2 + (y/2)H2O energy of the sodium salt to be more exothermic.
30 V 120 90
Same anionic charge, but different anionic radius
value of x = 120 / 30 = 4
F and Cl have the same charge, but ionic radius
value of (y/2) = 90 / 30 = 3, thus y = 6
of Cl > ionic radius of F
Formula of the hydrocarbon is C4H6. If the cation of both ionic compounds were the
Ans: A same, this factor alone would cause the lattice
energy of the fluoride salt to be more exothermic.
Q3
2 3 2+ 2 1
A As: [Ar]4s 4p As : [Ar]4s 4p Since the lattice energy of sodium chloride is more
6 2 2+ 6
B Fe: [Ar]3d 4s Fe : [Ar]3d exothermic than that of caesium fluoride, factor
2 1 2+ 1
C Ga: [Ar]4s 4p Ga : [Ar]4s must have outweighed factor .
2 2 2+ 2
D Ti : [Ar]3d 4s Ti : [Ar]3d Ans: A
2+
Ans: C as the 4s subshell of Ga is half-filled.
Q6
Q4 The electronic structure and the structural formula of
A |= = 0.5 HNC are as follows:

B |= = 0.3
C |= = 0.25
HNC HNC
D |= = 0.31 There are 2 bonds and 2 bonds.
Ans: D
As angle of deflection |, Option C shows the
smallest q/m and hence should have the least
delfection.
Ans: C

1
Q7
All three organic compounds have the same Mr, so
the strength of their id-id interactions are similar. As
all three compounds are polar, they also have pd-pd
interactions.
In addition, the carboxylic acid 1 and the alcohol 2
are also able to form intermolecular hydrogen bonds.
Hence, they have stronger intermolecular forces
than the ether 3.
Since the carboxylic acid 1, which has two oxygen
atoms bonded to a carbon atom, is more polar than
the alcohol 2, which has only one oxygen atom
bonded to a carbon atom, the carboxylic acid has
the strongest intermolecular forces.
Ans: A
Q8
Option 1:
Amt of chlorine molecules = 71/2(35.5) = 1 mol
23
1 mol of chlorine molecules = 6.02 x 10 chlorine
molecules
Option 2:
Amt of CO2 molecules at rtp = 24/ 24 = 1 mol
1 mol of CO2 molecules = 2 mol of O atoms
23
2 mol of O atoms = 2 x 6.02 x 10 O atoms
attraction of nucleus to the valence electron
increases, and the atomic radii decreases from
sodium to chlorine.
Ans: A
Q10
For covalent compounds to have delocalised
electrons, there must be alternating single and
multiple bonds, e.g. CH2=CHCH=CH2. As there
are only single bonds in silicon and silicon(IV) oxide,
there are no delocalised electrons. Statement 1 is
incorrect.
As the atomic orbital of Si is more diffuse than that of
O, the orbital overlap between two Si atoms is less
effective than that between an Si atom and an O
atom. Thus, the SiSi bond is longer than the SiO
bond. Statement 2 is correct.
Each O atom has six valence electrons. Two
electrons from O are used in forming bonds with
two Si atoms. Thus, four electrons on O are not
involved in bonding. Statement 3 is correct.
Ans: C

Option 3: Suggested Solns for 2015 Year 5 H1 Chemistry

Amt of H2SO4 = 1 x 1 = 1 mol Common Test Section B and C
+
Amt of H ions = 2 x 1 = 2 mol
+ 23 +
2 mol of H ions = 2 x 6.02 x 10 H ions B1(a)(i)
Ans: D

Q9
1 As the principal quantum shell number increases,
the valence electron are further away from the
nucleus and thus less attracted to the nucleus
The empirical formula is PbN2H8Cl6.
and require less energy to remove. Hence,
ionisation energy decreases down the group.
B1(a)(ii)
2 +
Anion: [PbCl6] Cation: NH4
2 Anions of phosphorus to chlorine have gained
electrons and have the same electronic
B1(a)(iii)
configuration as argon. For potassium and
+4
calcium, both atoms lose electrons and also have
cations of the same electronic configuration of
B1(b)(i)
argon.
[O]: Fe Fe + e
2+ 3+
----- (1)
[R]: MnO4 + 8H + 5e Mn + 4H2O ----- (2)
+ 2+
As the number of protons increases from chlorine
ion to calcium ion, given the same number of 5 x (1) + (2):
5Fe + MnO4 + 8H 5 Fe + Mn + 4H2O
2+ + 3+ 2+
electrons and same shielding effect, the effective
nuclear charge increases. Thus, the attraction of
the nucleus to the valence electrons increases B1(b)(ii)
and hence the ionic radii decreases from Amt of MnO4 required
phosphorus to calcium. = (21.5 / 1000) x 2.00 x 104 = 4.30 x 106 mol
2+ 3
3 Across a period, as number of protons increases, Amt of Fe in 25.0 cm portion of Solution A
nuclear charge increases. Electrons are added = 5 x 4.30 x 106
to the outermost principal quantum shell and = 2.15 x 105 mol
hence the shielding effect remains constant.
Hence, the effective nuclear charge and 2+ 3
Amt of Fe in 250 cm portion of Solution A
2
= (250 / 25.0) x 2.15 x 105 C1(a)
= 2.15 x 104 mol The first ionisation energy of sulfur is the energy
absorbed to remove 1 mole of electrons from 1 mole
2+
Mass of Fe in 100 g cereal of gaseous sulfur atoms to form 1 mole of gaseous
+
= 2.15 x 104 x 55.8 = 0.0120 g S ions.

S(g) S+(g) + e
B1(c)
+
Amount of Tl : Amount of MnO4
-3 -3
5 x 10 : 2.5 x 10 C1(b)(i)
2 2 4
2 : 1 oxygen: 1s 2s 2p
2 2 5 2 4
sulfur: 1s 2s 2p 3s 3p
+
2 mol of Tl loses 4 mol of e

1 mol of MnO4 gains 4 mol of e Oxygen has a higher ionisation energy than sulfur.
Final oxidation state of Mn = +7 4 = +3 O has a one principal quantum shell less than S and
its valence electron is located in a shell with a
B2(a)(i) smaller principal quantum number.

Hence the valence electron in oxygen is nearer to

the nucleus and is attracted more strongly by the
nucleus, thus requiring more energy to remove.

C1(b)(ii)
4px 4py 4pz
2 2
neon: 1s 2s 2p
6
2 2 5 2 4
sulfur: 1s 2s 2p 3s 3p
B2(b)(i)
average energy absorbed to break 1 mol of nitrogen-
Neon has higher first ionisation energy than sulfur.
nitrogen triple bond (NN) in the gaseous state The 2p electron to be removed from Ne is at a
smaller principal quantum shell than the 3p electron
B2(b)(ii)
from S. Hence, this 2p electron (from Ne) is nearer
Bond energy decreases in the order: to the nucleus and more strongly attracted by the
NN > PP > AsAs nucleus and requires more energy to be removed
compared to the 3p electron in S.
Down Group V, the atomic orbitals become more OR
diffuse. Hence, (head-on and side-on) orbital overlap The 2p electron to be removed from Ne is at a lower
becomes less effective and less energy is needed to energy level than the 3p electron in S. This 2p
break the weaker bonds. electron experiences significantly less shielding due
to fewer inner electrons. It experiences a higher
B2(b)(iii) effective nuclear charge despite having a lower
As2 (the most reactive bond AsAs is the easiest to nuclear charge. Hence, the 2p electron in Ne is more
break) strongly attracted by the nucleus and requires more
energy to be removed compared to the 3p electron
B2(c) in S.
a rigid lattice / regular layers of bismuth cations
surrounded by a sea of electrons C1(b)(iii)
2 2 3
phosphorus: 1s 2s 2p
2 2 5 2 4
sulfur: 1s 2s 2p 3s 3p

Phosphorus has higher first ionisation energy than

sulfur.
The valence electron to be removed from P is an
unpaired electron while that to be removed from S is
a paired electron.
The paired electron in S experiences repulsion
3+ which facilitates its removal and hence requires less
(Need not specify charge of bismuth cation, i.e. Bi )
energy for removal.

3
C1(c)

Upward trend with huge jump in

th th
I.E. from 6 -7 electron removed.
th th
Small jump in I.E. from 4 -5
electron removed, big jump in I.E
th th
from 6 7

C2(a)
P4 + 6Cl2 4PCl3
C2(b)
phosphorus trichloride (PCl3)
As the PCl3 molecules are not able to approach one
another as closely as P4 molecules can, the
intermolecular forces between PCl3 molecules are
weaker. Since less energy is needed to overcome
the weaker intermolecular forces between PCl3
molecules, PCl3 is more volatile.

C2(c)

trigonal pyramidal

C2(d)

C2(e)
Melting involves overcoming the attractive forces
between particles.
PCl5 has a giant ionic lattice structure while PCl3 has
a simple molecular lattice structure.

Since the energy needed to overcome the strong

+
ionic bonds between the [PCl4] and [PCl6] ions is
more than the energy needed to overcome the
relatively weaker van der Waals forces between
PCl5 molecules,PCl5 has a higher melting point than
PCl3.

C2(f)
As there is too much repulsion between the five
large I atoms which surrounds the P atom, PI5 is not
energetically stable.
4