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ABSTRACT
toc
INTRODUCTION TO ACER

Acer is a Taiwanese company founded in 1976 under the name Multitech, and then changed
its name to Acer in 1987. The company has its headquarters in the city of Hsichih, Taipei,
Taiwan. In 2005, Acer ranked number 4 among branded PC vendors.

Acer offers a wide range of products such as desktop and mobile PCs, servers and storage,
LCD monitors and high-definition TVs, projectors and the navigation/handheld. In 2000,
Acer directed their business to focus on technology development and user-friendly computing
(Reviews., 2016).

As for laptops, Acer provides a range of notebooks with advanced features such as flexibility,
strength and speed. Acer laptop prices are relatively cheaper than its competitors that offer
devices with the same specifications as shown in Figure 1.
Figure 1
Introduction to company and device
Predator 17x is the most powerful gaming laptop which has just been launched by the Acer
Company of Taiwan origin. It is an updated version of predator 17 with a more advanced
cooling system allowing for expanded overclocking capabilities. Furthermore, the good news
for gamers is that this Predator 17x comes with OSVR and StarVR support, Nvidia GTX 980,
which help in giving the laptop a 4K display and a full HD screen. Talking about the hardware
part, it works with Core i7-6820HK processor with a clock-speed of limit 4 GHZ and when it
comes to storage, this laptop has three SSDs and 2TB HDD but customers should be aware that
it will cost a pretty penny more than the previous versions of Predator. Finally, its operating
system is Windows 10 which has been designed by Microsoft Company. (Cush, 2016)
(Robertson, 2016)

When it comes to history of the companies of predator, Acer was founded in 1976 by Shih
Chen Jung and his friends. They named it Multitech International and it was involved in the
designing of hand-held electronic games but rapidly evolved to distribution of imported semi-
conductors. So in 1981, Shih Chen Jung named the company Acer and by 1983 Acer began
manufacturing PC clonescomputers and components that were sold to larger companies with
strong brand names. Furthermore, in 1986, Acer was second only to introduce a 32-bit PC with
an Intel 386 microprocessor. Acer went public in 1988, having reached an average annual
growth of 100 percent from 1976 to 1988 and even at present Acer is amongst the top sellers
of laptop (Culligan, 2016)

As for Microsoft, it was established in 1975 in Albuquerque, New Mexico by Bill Gates and
his childhood friend Paul Allen and by November 26th 1976, the name of Microsoft was register
with the secretary of state of New Mexico. Microsoft was formed by Microcomputer and
Software and had seen their company grown tremendously and has changed to Microsoft Inc.
(Biography.com Editors, n.d.) They launched the MS-DOS and Windows systems with the aim
of replacing typewriters and carbon paper which were very common in office and to make their
vision of personal computing a reality. During the transition from MS-DOS to windows 3.1 in
1993, Microsoft started dominating the market for office suite and became a fierce competitor.
Then from 2000 onwards Microsoft started releasing its windows namely Windows XP, Vista
in 2007, Windows 8 and 8.1 in 2012 and then finally came with Windows 10 which was
launched in 2015 and it is currently used in the Acer Predator 17x. (Stone, 2016)
Introduction

The people behind Predator 17X

The Predator 17X was not possible without these people who worked tirelessly in order to
deliver a desktop grade performance packed in the body of a portable laptop with no loss of
performance. The 2 main individuals are:

1. Jason Paul
2. Frank Soqui

Jason Paul

A brief introduction on Jason Paul

Jason Paul has been at NVIDIA since 2003, helping to bring to market NVIDIAs latest
GeForce GPUs and gaming products. He currently serves as the General Manager for GeForce
Experience, SHIELD portable and virtual reality. Jason holds an MBA from Stanford
University and a BA from UCLA. He roots for the UCLA basketball team whenever the two
schools play against each other. In his spare time, Jason enjoys skiing, tennis as well as PC
gaming (Paul, 2016). Figure 1 below shows the rise in his career from becoming partners with
Intel to General Manager of NVIDIA.
Figure 1
Frank Soqui

A brief introduction on Frank Joseph Soqui

Frank Joseph Soqui is a 34 year veteran at Intel, serving in a diverse set of leadership roles
including:

1. Telecommunications design and marketing

2. Desktop motherboard and systems product marketing,
3. Digital Office marketing, planning, strategy and engineering
4. Communications and embedded platform market.

Frank was a strong Intelligent Systems Group and Sponsors of Tomorrow champion creating
a highly visible presence via interviews, keynotes, and commercials increasing the awareness
and driving success of intelligent systems initiatives (Soqui, 2016).

Figure 2 and 2.1 shows the rise in his career from a Product Marketing Manager to becoming
the General Manager of Intel and Figure 3 shows Frank speaking at an event.
Figure 2
 Figure 2.1

Figure 3: Frank speaking at the launch of the new Intel Core i7 processer Extreme
Edition.
Hardware Specification

Component Specification Description Advantages and Ratings

disadvantages

Processor & Intel Core i7- This laptop is capable of The high
Chipset 6820HK with running 2.7 billion performance
Quad Core calculation per second processor
2.70GHz and it can overclock up allows the user
(overclock up to to 3.6 billion calculations to run high end
3.60GHz). whenever this laptop is applications at
(Acer, 2016) put at maximum high frame
capacity. This laptop has rates in this
Quad Core that allow case high end
user to do multiple things games.
at once. However, the
high end
processor chip
will generate a
lot of heat.

Memory 32GB, DDR4 DDR means Double This high RAM

SDRAM (Up to Data Rate while allows huge
64GB). (Acer, SDRAM means tasks to be done
2016) Synchronous Dynamic smoothly.
Random Access Apart from that
Memory. This means it has 4 slots for
that they achieve double RAM. The
the performance of extra slots will
memories without add extra
running the same clock dimensions and
rate. (Torres, 2009) weight to the
machine.
Storage 1 Terabyte (TB) This machine has 1TB of The 1TB space
storage which can store allows many
Hard disk 490000 HD Photos, files to be
(HDD) 196000 Standard Quality stored.
MP3s, 245 HD Movies, Moreover, the
including 65 Video Games. SSD drive
Furthermore, the hard allows fast
512GB
disk speed is 5,400 RPM. retrieving of
Solid state Drive The machine also has a data.
SSD drive.
(SSD) (Acer,

2016)

Display & 17.3 4K UHD This laptop has 17.3 The graphic
Graphics (3840X2160) which is huge and has a card used for
16:9 IPS and 4K display UHD the predator is
NVDIA including IPS technology designed for
GeForce GTX which helps to correct desktops.
980 with viewing angle and color Therefore, the
dedicated 8GB problems. It has also a processing
VRAM high end Graphics card power of the
(Maximum with 8GB VRAM in it graphic card is
8GB) (Acer, and playing game with it very high. The
2016) will be a smooth ride displays allow
with not much sweat on the user to
the laptop. enjoy high
quality video
output.

Battery 8-cell Lithium This machine has 8-cell The high power
Information Ion (Maximum lithium Ion battery which battery gives
power supply can charge many times the Predator 5
330W) (Acer, and has a capacity of hours of battery
2016) 6000mAh and the life.
maximum power supply
is up to 330W.
Network & Gigabit Ethernet Predator 17x has also an This will be
Communication (Acer, 2016) Ethernet port which very beneficial
sends data more than 1 for online
billion bits per second. multiplayer
gaming.

Interfaces & 1 HDMI, USB This machine has 1 The multiple

Ports 3.0, HDMI port which can ports give the
Thunderports, plug in either on user the ability
USB Type C television or extra to connect other
(Acer, 2016) monitor, and 4 USB 3.0 peripherals to
which can transfer data the machine.
at high speed and USB
Type C.

Input Devices Touchpad and The keyboard has a The backlight

Keyboard (Acer, backlight which mean functions assist
2016) users can type while in the user in low
the dark as the keyboard light
can light up as well as environment.
the Touchpad. However, it
drains battery
which reduces
the battery time
of the
notebook.

Cooling Triple Cooling This laptop has 3 cooling This new

System, Acer fans which are both fans technology
DustDefender are back at each corner helps to keep
(Jefferies, 2016) while one of the fans is the machine
under the front chassis cool for a
which is to accelerated longer period of
the fans to push the air at time. Thus,
the back for faster improve
cooling. The blades are efficiency.
made of metal and their
thickness are 0.1mm thin The
and has 59 blades DustDefender
compared to the plastic system keeps
ones which are only 37. the fans clean
to ensure longer
 Acer also has a software optimal
call Acers DustDefender performance.
where the technology
automatically detects
when the fans are losing
RPM and reverses the
direction to remove the
buildup which is the
dust. (Jefferies, 2016)

Acer, 2016. Acer (Predator). [Online]

Available at: http://www.acer.com/ac/en/US/content/predator-model/NH.Q13AA.001
[Accessed 29 July 2016].

Anderson, K., 2015. Microsoft educates Insiders on how Windows 10 handles memory. [Online]
Available at: http://www.winbeta.org/news/microsoft-educates-insiders-windows-10-handles-
memory
[Accessed 01 august 2016].

Biography.com Editors, n.d. The Biography. [Online]

Available at: http://www.biography.com/people/bill-gates-9307520
[Accessed 13 July 2016].

Chacos, B., 2015. Windows 10: The 10 best new features you should try first. [Online]
Available at: http://www.pcworld.com/article/2874400/windows/windows-10-the-10-coolest-
features-you-should-check-out-first.html#slide8
[Accessed 30 july 2016].

Culligan, S. B., 2016. Acer Incorporated. [Online]

Available at: http://www.referenceforbusiness.com/history/1-Al/Acer-Incorporated.html
[Accessed 09 july 2016].

Cush, J., 2016. Acer Predator 17X Preview: Desktop GPU and VR Ready. [Online]
Available at: http://www.notebookreview.com/feature/acer-predator-17x-preview-desktop-gpu-vr-
ready/
[Accessed 10 July 2016].

Firdaus, T., 2016. 10 New Features Coming to Windows 10. [Online]

Available at: http://www.hongkiat.com/blog/windows-10-features/
[Accessed 30 july 2016].

Grabham, D., 2016. Dan Grabham. [Online]

Available at: http://www.techradar.com/reviews/pc-mac/software/operating-systems/windows-10-
1267364/review/3
[Accessed 30 july 2016].
greatinformer, 2012. define os and user interface. [Online]
Available at: http://greatinformer.blogspot.my/2012/11/define-operating-system-user-
interface.html
[Accessed 30 july 2016].

Jefferies, C. P., 2016. Notebook Review. [Online]

Available at: http://www.notebookreview.com/feature/technical-feature-cooling-acer-predator-
17x/
[Accessed 02 August 2016].

Juarez, S., 2015. Memory Compression in Windows 10 RTM. [Online]

Available at: https://channel9.msdn.com/Blogs/Seth-Juarez/Memory-Compression-in-Windows-10-
RTM
[Accessed 01 august 2016].

Martin, C., 2016. 10 best new features in Windows 10: Cortana to holograms. [Online]
Available at: http://www.pcadvisor.co.uk/feature/windows/10-best-new-features-in-windows-10-
uk-july-3595041/
[Accessed 30 july 2016].

microsoft, 2016.

microsoft, 2016. About Memory Management. [Online]

Available at: https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/aa366525(v=vs.85).aspx
[Accessed 01 august 2016].

Painter, L., 2016. Will my games run on Windows 10? Microsoft releases Windows 10 update,
enables unlocked framerate and G-Sync/Freesync support for UWP games. [Online]
Available at: http://www.pcadvisor.co.uk/feature/windows/will-my-games-run-on-windows-10-
uwp-games-apps-3620831/
[Accessed 30 july 2016].

Paul, J., 2016. Biography.

Posey, B., 2014. How To Use the New Windows 10 Command Prompt. [Online]
Available at: https://redmondmag.com/articles/2014/11/14/windows-10-command-prompt.aspx
[Accessed 30 july 2016].

Reviews., G., 2016. Acer Company History. History.

Robertson, A., 2016. Acer's Predator 17X is a VR-ready gaming laptop. [Online]
Available at: http://www.theverge.com/2016/4/21/11479316/acer-predator-17x-vr-ready-gaming-
laptop
[Accessed 10 July 2016].

Robertson, A., 2016. Acer's Predator 17X is a VR-ready gaming laptop. [Online]
Available at: http://www.theverge.com/2016/4/21/11479316/acer-predator-17x-vr-ready-gaming-
laptop
[Accessed 10 July 2016].
Soqui, F., 2016. Biography.

Stone, L. A. a. C., 2016. The history of Microsoft in video. [Online]

Available at: http://www.telegraph.co.uk/technology/2016/03/21/the-history-of-microsoft-in-video/
[Accessed 07 july 2016].

tech terms, 2009. user interface. [Online]

Available at: http://techterms.com/definition/user_interface
[Accessed 30 july 2016].

techtarget , 2012. TRIM. [Online]

Available at: http://searchsolidstatestorage.techtarget.com/definition/TRIM
[Accessed 01 august 2016].

Torres, G., 2009. Hardware Secrets. [Online]

Available at: http://www.hardwaresecrets.com/everything-you-need-to-know-about-ddr-ddr2-and-
ddr3-memories/
[Accessed 29 July 2016].

tutorials point, 2016. Operating System - Memory Management. [Online]

Available at: http://www.tutorialspoint.com/operating_system/os_memory_management.htm
[Accessed 01 august 2016].

University of Wisconsin- Madison, n.d. Memory Management. [Online]

Available at: http://pages.cs.wisc.edu/~sschang/OS-Qual/memory/Memory.htm
[Accessed 03 september 2016].
OS FUNCTIONS AND CAPABILITIES OF ACER PREDATOR 17x

First and foremost, the predator 17x comes with a Windows 10 operating system, which is
simpler and easier to use compared to the previous windows 7 and 8 of Microsoft. It has got
new functions which makes life of the user easier. Basically the 4 types of OS functions are:

User Interface
Services and facilities provided by the OS
Process control Management
Memory Management

USER INTERFACE

A user interface, also called a "UI" is the means in which a person controls a software
application or hardware device. (tech terms, 2009)

Based on the user interface, there are two types of operating systems:

Graphical User Interface (GUI)

Command Line Interface (CLI)

GRAPHICAL USER INTERFACE

GUI presents commands in graphical form. Application programs, commands, disk drives, etc.
are presented in the form of icons. Usually a command is given to the computer by clicking
with mouse on the icon. GUI also provides menus, buttons and other graphical objects to the
user to perform different tasks. GUI is easier to use than CLI to interact with the predator 17x.
(greatinformer, 2012)

Below are some pictures and explanation of the GUI of predator 17x.
1. ACTION CENTER
Many Charms functions are contained in the new Action Center as shown below. A raft
of Quick Actions resides at the bottom of the Center such as toggling Bluetooth, Wi-Fi
or Location on and off and Quiet hours and Tablet mode which are new functions.
(Grabham, 2016)

Figure 1- action center

2. START MENU
Start menu is more like the Windows 7 version, with same controls. The new feature is
that start menu can be resized by dragging to the sides. (Grabham, 2016)
Figure 3 shows menu.

Figure 1: Start Menu

3. MULTIPLE DESKTOPS
Windows 10 comes with the Multiple Desktop mode, a feature which users of Linux
have. Users can have unlimited desktops for grouping or arranging different apps and
can move apps through the desktops by drag-and-drop as well. (Grabham, 2016)

The picture below shows the multiple desktop display.

Figure 3- multiple desktop

4. CORTANA
It is a personal digital assistant. Cortana help users manage tasks such as organizing
schedules, reminder for an important event, giving suggestions based on users
preferences, or even reply emails. (Firdaus, 2016)
 Figure 4- Cortana

COMMAND LINE INTERFACE

A CLI OS provides a command prompt on the computer screen. The commands are given to
the computer by typing on the keyboard. The commands are typed according to the predefined
format. The users have to memorize commands and rules of writing these commands.
(greatinformer, 2012)

Most common one in windows 10 is; command prompt. (see screenshot below)

Figure 2- command prompt

Some new features of Predator 17xs windows 10 are shown below.
 I. Experimental tab

Windows 10 Command Prompt is identical to the Windows 8 Command Prompt's shortcut

menu. However, things get more interesting when user select the Properties command. There
is an additional Experimental tab with new goodies. (Posey, 2014)

Screenshot has been shown below.

Figure 3- experimental tab

II. The text selection process easier

With previous Windows mouse could not be used efficiently to select text. User had to
right click on the Command Prompt icon, and then choose the Edit | Mark commands
and the selection process simply creates a box around the selected text. It did not go to
the end of the lines as shown below. (Posey, 2014)
 Figure 4- box effect

Consequently, some of the text is omitted from selection. If user wants to select
everything, then he has to start the selection process from the very beginning by
including the prompt in the selection process. Moreover, if user had to resize window,
some text would be hidden from view as shown below. (Posey, 2014)

Figure 5- some text out of view

However, with the latest windows 10 on the predator 17x, these problems have been solved.
User can drag his mouse across the text to select it. Furthermore, he can now have control over
where the selection process begins and ends. Figure below proves it. (Posey, 2014)
 Figure 6- selection problem solved

SERVICES AND FACILITIES PROVIDED BY OPERATING SYSTEM

Some new features of Windows 10 in the predator 17x are listed below.

1) Identity and access control.

Identity and access control features have been greatly expanded to both simplify and
enhance the security of user authentication. These features include Windows Hello and
Microsoft Passport, which better protect user identities through easy-to-deploy and easy-
to-use multifactor authentication (MFA)(Microsoft, 2016)

Table 1 below lists typical Windows access control challenges and the Windows 10
solutions.
 Table 1
2) Xbox app and streaming
There is good news for gamers. The OS comes with an Xbox application with the
ability of a DVR Capture for windows game and can control the Xbox One.
Furthermore, user can enjoy multiplayer games cross-platformed between Xbox One
and the Predator 17x. (Martin, 2016)
3) DirectX 12
Gamers will now enjoy their games as the DirectX 12 is included in the OS of the
predator 17x. Games will run very fast and the display will be much better. (Painter,
2016)

4) Malware resistance.
Malware resistance includes architectural changes that can isolate critical system and
security components from threats. Several new features in Windows 10 help reduce the
threat of malware. Moreover, App Containers for application sandboxing and numerous
boot-protection features, such as Trusted Boot have been improved in Windows 10.
(Microsoft, 2016)

Table 2 below lists specific malware threats and the mitigation

Table 2
MEMORY MANAGEMENT
Memory management is the functionality of an operating system which handles or manages
primary memory and moves processes back and forth between main memory and disk during
execution (tutorials point, 2016)

Virtual address space

First and foremost, the predator 17x runs with a 64bit Windows 10 having a virtual
address space of 8 terabytes. The virtual address space for a process is the set of virtual
memory addresses that it can use. (microsoft, 2016)
Furthermore, all threads of a process can access its virtual address space. However,
threads cannot access memory that belongs to another process, which protects a process
from being corrupted by another process. (microsoft, 2016)
The virtual address of the OS of predator 17x does not represent the actual physical
location of an object in memory but rather creates a page table for each process, which
consists of an internal data structure used to translate virtual addresses into their
corresponding physical addresses. Each time a thread references an address, the system
translates the virtual address to a physical address. (microsoft, 2016)

Swapping
Swapping is a mechanism in which a process can be swapped temporarily out of main memory
to secondary storage and make that memory available to other processes. At some later time,
the system swaps back the process from the secondary storage to main memory.

helps in running multiple and big processes in parallel

Swapping is also known as a technique for memory compaction. (tutorials point, 2016)
Figure 7- swapping
Memory Allocation
Windows 10 OS uses the following memory allocation mechanism:

(tutorials point, 2016)

Fragmentation
Fragmentation is when processes are loaded and removed from memory and free memory is
broken into pieces.

Figure 8- fragmentation
Paging

Paging is a memory management technique in which process address space is broken into
blocks of the same size called pages. The size of the process is measured in the number of
pages. Furthermore, main memory is divided into small fixed-sized blocks of (physical)
memory called frames and the size of a frame is kept the same as that of a page to have
optimum utilization of the main memory and to avoid external fragmentation. (tutorials point,
2016)

Figure below shows the paging process.

Figure 9-paging
Page map table
A data structure called page map table is used to keep track of the relation between a page of
a process to a frame in physical memory. A diagram is shown below.

Figure 10-page map table

Segmentation
Segmentation is a memory management technique in which each job is divided into several
segments of different sizes, one for each module that contains pieces that perform related
functions. Each segment is actually a different logical address space of the program.

The OS maintains a segment map table for every process and a list of free memory blocks
along with segment numbers, their size and corresponding memory locations in main memory.
Figure below show the segment map table. (tutorials point, 2016)

Figure 11-segmentation
Optimizations in the OS of predator 17x

I. Memory Manager
Microsoft has now enabled Memory Manager to automatically compress infrequently
used memory pages. Moreover, the new Memory compression reduces the amount of
memory used during applications, thus allowing the OS to maintain more applications
in physical memory. (Anderson, 2015)
Figure 1 below shows the task manager.

Figure 12- task manager

II. Compression Store
It is a place in the system where collected compressed pages are sorted out and contains
a mix of Windows desktop and non-Universal Windows Platform applications all vying
for memory. The compression store sorts through a collection of compressed pages by
Windows Runtime (enabling trimming and swapping). (Anderson, 2015)
Diagram below shows the compression process.

Figure 13- compression process

Algorithms for memory management

1. best fit:
Return the smallest hole which is larger than the requested size.
expensive search
external fragmentation: generates small and unusable blocks
2. first fit:
Return the first hole which is larger than the requested size.
small holes tend to accumulate near the beginning of the free list.
solution - next fit: start search where the last one left off.

3.buddy system:

All blocks and holes have sizes which are powers of two.
Every block or hole starts at an address that is an exact multiple of its
size
Then every block has its buddy with the same size. Always coalesce a
block with its buddy, generating a free block twice as large as the free
block
(University of Wisconsin- Madison, n.d.)
Conclusion
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memory
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ready/
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Available at: http://greatinformer.blogspot.my/2012/11/define-operating-system-user-
interface.html
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Jefferies, C. P., 2016. Notebook Review. [Online]

Available at: http://www.notebookreview.com/feature/technical-feature-cooling-acer-predator-
17x/
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Juarez, S., 2015. Memory Compression in Windows 10 RTM. [Online]

Available at: https://channel9.msdn.com/Blogs/Seth-Juarez/Memory-Compression-in-Windows-10-
RTM
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Martin, C., 2016. 10 best new features in Windows 10: Cortana to holograms. [Online]
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uk-july-3595041/
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microsoft, 2016. About Memory Management. [Online]

Available at: https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/aa366525(v=vs.85).aspx
[Accessed 01 august 2016].

Painter, L., 2016. Will my games run on Windows 10? Microsoft releases Windows 10 update,
enables unlocked framerate and G-Sync/Freesync support for UWP games. [Online]
Available at: http://www.pcadvisor.co.uk/feature/windows/will-my-games-run-on-windows-10-
uwp-games-apps-3620831/
[Accessed 30 july 2016].

Paul, J., 2016. Biography.

Posey, B., 2014. How To Use the New Windows 10 Command Prompt. [Online]
Available at: https://redmondmag.com/articles/2014/11/14/windows-10-command-prompt.aspx
[Accessed 30 july 2016].

Reviews., G., 2016. Acer Company History. History.

Robertson, A., 2016. Acer's Predator 17X is a VR-ready gaming laptop. [Online]
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laptop
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Robertson, A., 2016. Acer's Predator 17X is a VR-ready gaming laptop. [Online]
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laptop
[Accessed 10 July 2016].

Soqui, F., 2016. Biography.

Stone, L. A. a. C., 2016. The history of Microsoft in video. [Online]

Available at: http://www.telegraph.co.uk/technology/2016/03/21/the-history-of-microsoft-in-video/
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Available at: http://www.hardwaresecrets.com/everything-you-need-to-know-about-ddr-ddr2-and-
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tutorials point, 2016. Operating System - Memory Management. [Online]

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