LTE Cell Planning

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LTE Cell Planning

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LTE Cell Planning

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LTE Cell Planning

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 LTE Cell Planning

The general process includes information collection, pre-planning, detailed planning,

and cell planning. In the cell planning, main concerns are frequency planning, TA
planning, PCI planning, and PRACH planning.

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LTE Cell Planning

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 LTE Cell Planning

There are several new frequency band options for LTE, some of which are available now or
should be within the next few years. These include the 700MHz, AWS (Advanced Wireless
Services) and 2.6GHz bands, as well as the re-use of existing GSM 900MHz and 1800MHz
bands. In addition, due to poor harmonization, there are other spectrum bands available,
including: 850MHz, 1500MHz, 1700MHz and 1900MHz.

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LTE Cell Planning

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LTE Cell Planning

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 LTE Cell Planning

Application scenario: Adapt to situations with integrated operator frequency resources

and consecutive frequency bands. If the frequency point bandwidth is wide (>=10MHz), it
can be used as the initial network construction mode of the urban or densely-populated
urban areas. Basically satisfy the phase one capacity requirements. Use relatively narrow
frequency point bandwidth (<=10MHz) to implement wide coverage of suburban and rural
areas; thus reducing the initial network construction cost.

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 LTE Cell Planning

Application scenario:
Adapt to situations that the operator frequency resources are rich or frequency
bands dispersed and bandwidth is narrow.
The system capacity is dependent on the bandwidth of single frequency point. If
the bandwidth of frequency point is wide (>=5MHz), it can be used on initial
network construction of dense or common urban. If the bandwidth of frequency
point is narrow (<5MHz), it can be used on coverage of suburban and rural areas.

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 LTE Cell Planning

ICIC is a technology that mitigates inter-cell interference together with the scheduling and
power control technologies. ICIC is applied at the Medium Access Control (MAC) layer.
ICIC restricts highly interfering CEUs within the orthogonal bands at the edge of cells or
schedules the CEUs in neighboring cells at different points of time. In this way, ICIC
mitigates inter-cell interference, increases the CEU throughput, and improves the system
coverage. This document provides the details on ICIC.

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LTE Cell Planning

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 LTE Cell Planning

TA: Similar to the location area and routing area in 2G/3G networks, the tracking area
(TA) is used for paging. TA planning aims to reduce location update signaling caused
by location changes in the LTE system.

TA list : A list of TAIs that identify the tracking areas that the UE can enter without
performing a tracking area updating procedure. The TAIs in a TAI list assigned by an
MME to a UE pertain to the same MME area. In LTE system, if an UE changes the
TAs in the TAI list, TA update wont be triggered.

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 LTE Cell Planning

In the Los Angles, there are several independent density area that connected by the main
road (like island) . The UE may go across the different area through this road.

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LTE Cell Planning

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 LTE Cell Planning

In this scenario, users are average distributed in each area

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LTE Cell Planning

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 LTE Cell Planning

A TA coverage should be proper setting according to the capability of EPC

When the suburban area and urban area are covered discontinuously, an independent TA
is used for the suburban area.

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 LTE Cell Planning

LTE can be operated on different frequency band, we can plan the TA based on both
frequency band or geographical area
A TA should be planned for a continuous geographical area to prevent segmental
networking of eNBs in each TA.
The mountain or river in the planned area can be used as the border of a TA to reduce the
overlapping depth of different cells in two TAs. In this way, fewer location updates are
performed on the edge of a TA.
The LAC planning in the existing 2G/3G networks can serve as a reference for
planning TAs.

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LTE Cell Planning

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 LTE Cell Planning

PCI: Physical Cell ID, is used to generate scrambling code to identify the different cell

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 LTE Cell Planning

Differences between a scrambling code and a PCI: The scrambling code ranges from
0 to 511 whereas the PCI ranges from 0 to 503. In addition, the protocols do not have
specific requirements for scrambling code planning. Therefore, only the reuse
distance needs to be ensured in scrambling code planning. For PCI planning,
however, 3GPP protocols require that the value of PCI/3 should be 0, 1, or 2 in each
eNB.

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LTE Cell Planning

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 LTE Cell Planning

The random access procedure is used in various scenarios, including initial access,
handover, or re-establishment. Like other 3GPP systems the random access procedure
provides a method for contention and non-contention based access. The PRACH (Physical
Random Access Channel) includes RA (Random Access) preambles generated from ZC
(Zadoff-Chu) sequences.
There are five preamble formats defined which four of them are for FDD

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 LTE Cell Planning

PRACH configuration is defined by the following parameters

Root sequence, setting in the eNodeB
Ncs: Automatically setting based on the cell radius configuration
PRACh frequency offset: Scheduled by eNodeB
High speed flag: Indicate whether the cell is for high speed
All the parameters all carried by Sib2

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LTE Cell Planning

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 LTE Cell Planning

There are 64 available preamble sequences in each cell. The 64 preamble sequences
are first generated from a root Zadoff-Chu sequence using cyclic shift. If less than 64
preamble sequences are generated, the remaining are generated from the root
Zadoff-Chu sequence corresponding to the logical index.
The preamble sequences are generated from the root Zadoff-Chu sequence through the
cyclic shift.

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 LTE Cell Planning

Here is an example for the root sequence planning, suppose the cell radius is 10km
The Ncs value is determined by the cell radius. If the cell radius is 10 km, the
Ncs value is 76
The value of 839/76 is rounded down to 11, that is, each index can generate
11 preamble sequences. In this case, six root sequence indexes are required
to generate 64 preamble sequences.
The number of available root sequence indexes is 139 (0, 6, 12828)
The available root sequence indexes are assigned to cells. The assignment
principles are similar to those for PCIs.

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LTE Cell Planning

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