Chem 1 2nd LE

Factors that effect a GAS

The quantity of a gas, n, in moles
The temperature of a gas, T, in Kelvin (Celsius degrees + 273)
The pressure of a gas, P, in pascals
The volume of a gas, V, in cubic meters

Gas Laws
Boyles Law: volume of a sample of a gas is inversely proportional to its pressure
The pressure of a gas is inversely related to the volume
Moles/Molecules and Temperature are constant
P1V1 = P2V2
applications
The bubbles exhaled by a scuba diver grow as they rise.
Deep sea fish die when brought to the surface. Bends in humans.
explains air conditioning http://howanacworks.blogspot.com/
Charles Law
The volume of a gas is directly related to the temperature
Pressure and Moles are constant
V1/T1 = V2/T2
applications
Explains why tires shrink in cold weather and expand in hot weather.
Why turkey thermometers pop when turkey is done.
Why you shouldnt over inflate your life raft in tropical waters.
Ideal Gas Law
PV = nRT, where
P: pressure (Pa)
V: volume (m3)
n: number of moles
R: universal gas law constant = 8.31 J/(molK)
T: temperature (K)
Daltons Law of Partial Pressure
Avogadros Law: postulated that the volume of a gas is directly proportional to the number of moles of gas
Equal volumes of gas at the same temperature and pressure contain the same numbers of molecules.
One mole quantities of all gases at STP contain the same number of molecules.
N0 = 6.02 x 1023 molecules/mol

N0 = 6.02 x 1023 mol-1

Charles and Gay-Lussac demonstrated that the volume of a gas is directly proportional to its temperature (in
kelvins) at constant pressure (Charless law).
Plots of the volume of gases versus temperature extrapolate to zero volume at 273.15C, which is absolute zero
(0 K), the lowest temperature possible. Charless law implies that the volume of a gas is directly proportional to its
absolute temperature.
Viscosity: resistance to flow
honey = very viscous
oil needs to be viscous in cars
higher SAE #, the more viscous the oil
winter time: lower temp means higher viscosity (higher resistance to flow), so you want SAE 20 only
summer time: higher temp means less viscosity (less resistance to flow), so you want SAE 50 for higher viscosity

Vapor Pressure
ability of particles to go to gaseous stage
more volatile, higher VP
low atmospheric pressure, low BP
i.e. going up mountain
BP: vp and atmospheric pressure

Surface Tension
more intermolecular forces in WATER than OIL
increase in temperature, decrease surface tension
higher surface tension, more globular
mercury - high ST