PREFA
Preocuprile susinute n direcia dezvoltrii i
modernizrii statisticii i pentru integrarea sistemului
statistic n normele i standardele Uniunii Europene
au creat un fundament solid ce ne permite s punem
astzi la dispoziia utilizatorilor interni i externi o
gam tot mai divers de date statistice.
Anuarul Statistic al Romniei - ediia 2002,
lucrare de referin n sistemul publicaiilor statistice
ale Institutului Naional de Statistic, realizat ntr-o
concepie unitar i coerent, cuprinde serii de date
statistice din diferite domenii, un volum de informaii
complex i detaliat, prezentnd principalele rezultate
economice i sociale obinute de ara noastr n ultimii
ani.
Promovarea normelor i standardelor
internaionale, i n primul rnd europene, asimilarea
tehnicilor moderne de investigaie, bazate n principal
pe cercetri statistice prin sondaj, a metodelor
avansate de analiz statistic, precum i accentuarea
disponibilitii Institutului Naional de Statistic fa de
solicitrile i observaiile utilizatorilor, au condus la
mbogirea conceptual a acestei importante
publicaii.
n conformitate cu evoluia economiei romneti,
a societii noastre n ansamblu, n cuprinsul
Anuarului Statistic au fost introduse modificri menite
s asigure o sistematizare a capitolelor i o mai mare
coeren n prezentarea datelor.
Cele 21 capitole ale Anuarului, concepute
ntr-o succesiune logic, dezvluie utilizatorilor o
cantitate sporit de informaii din diverse domenii
de activitate, judicios structurat, iar n partea
final a Anuarului, sunt prezentate date de
statistic internaional, ce permit compararea
nivelului unor indicatori din alte ri cu cei realizai n
Romnia.
n ediia de fa a Anuarului au fost incluse noi
serii de date statistice, referitoare la: populaie,
veniturile populaiei, locuine, sntate, agricultur,
transporturi etc.
La capitolul Statistic internaional sunt
prezentate rezultatele ultimului Program de
Comparare European a produsului intern brut, pentru
anul 1999, la care ara noastr a participat.
FOREWORD
The sustained concerns oriented towards the
development and modernisation of statistics and
towards the integration of the statistical system into
European Union norms and standards, has created a
solid background allowing us to put today at internal
and external users disposal, a more and more diverse
range of statistical data.
The Statistical Yearbook of Romania - 2002
edition, core publication within the National Institute
of Statistics editorial system, carried out within an
unitary and coherent conception, includes series of
statistical data of various fields, a complex and
detailed volume of information presenting the main
economic and social results obtained in our country
during the last years.
The promotion of international standards and
norms, primarily the European ones, the absorbtion of
modern surveying techniques, mainly based on
sample statistical surveys, of advanced statistical
analysing procedures, as well as an increased
openness of the National Institute of Statistics against
users requests and comments, led to the conceptual
enrichment of this important paper.
In accordance with the evolution of Romania, of
our society as a whole, structural changes were
introduced in the content of the Statistical Yearbook,
meant to ensure a systematised organisation of
chapters and a greater coherence in data
presentation.
The 21 chapters of this Yearbook, organised in a
logical succession, present to the users an increased
amount of information from various fields of activity,
rationally structured, and the final section of the
Yearbook includes international statistical data,
allowing for the comparison between some indicators
level in other countries and those achieved by
Romania.
The present edition of the Yearbook includes new
statistical data series, referring to: population,
population income, dwellings, health, agriculture,
transport a.s.o.
In the chapter International statistics there are
displayed the results of the latest European
Comparison Programme of gross domestic product,
for 1999, where Romania participated as well.
 Potrivit sistemului practicat pe plan internaional,
i la elaborarea acestei ediii s-a procedat la
actualizarea nivelului unor indicatori pentru care au
aprut noi surse de date sau la care s-au adus
perfecionri metodologice, prezentnd astfel evoluii
comparabile n timp, coerente i ct mai apropiate de
realitate.
Apariia noii ediii a Anuarului se constituie
ntr-un plcut prilej de a adresa mulumiri
ministerelor, instituiilor, agenilor economici, celorlali
colaboratori, care prin datele puse la dispoziie i prin
sugestiile ce ni le-au fcut, ne-au permis s editm o
publicaie mai ampl i diversificat, care sperm, va
genera i de aceast dat un interes major,
dovedindu-se o lucrare de o tot mai larg utilitate i
audien. Aceasta a fcut posibil i respectarea
obligaiilor asumate de statistica oficial romneasc
pentru furnizarea informaiilor solicitate de organizaiile
internaionale, precum i a obligaiilor ce decurg din
angajarea rii noastre n procesul de integrare
european.
According to the system operating at international
level, for the present edition of the Yearbook we also
proceeded to updating the level of some indicators for
which new data sources were identified or to which
methodological improvements were carried out, thus
presenting comparable evolutions over time, accurate
and as close as possible to the reality.
The release of this new Yearbook edition is a
pleasant opportunity to thank ministries, institutions,
economic units, other collaborators which due to the
data put at our disposal and to their suggestions,
allowed us to issue a wider and more diversified
publication, which we hope, will entail once more a
major interest, proving to be a paper with wider
usefulness and audience. In the same sense, the
observance of the obligations assumed by the
Romanian official statistics to supply the information
requested by international organisations or of those
established in the process of European integration
became possible.
 SINTEZA
CUPRINSULUI CONTENTS

1 GEOGRAFIA I MEDIUL GEOGRAPHY AND

NCONJURTOR ............................... ENVIRONMENT

1.1 Geografia i organizarea Geography and administrative-

administrativ-teritorial ....................... territorial organisation
1.2 Meteorologia ........................................ Meteorology
1.3 Mediul nconjurtor .............................. Environment

2 POPULAIA ........................................ POPULATION

2.1 Populaia i structura Population and its

demografic ........................................ demographic structure
2.2 Micarea natural a populaiei ............ Vital statistics
2.3 Micarea migratorie a populaiei ......... Population migration

3 FORA DE MUNC ............................ LABOUR FORCE

3.1 Fora de munc ................................... Labour force

3.2 Condiii de munc ................................ Working conditions

4 VENITURILE, CHELTUIELILE POPULATION INCOME,

I CONSUMUL POPULAIEI ............ EXPENDITURE AND CONSUMPTION

4.1 Veniturile populaiei ............................. Population income

4.2 Cheltuielile i consumul Population expenditure and
populaiei ............................................ consumption
4.3 Locuine ............................................... Dwellings

5 PROTECIA SOCIAL ...................... SOCIAL PROTECTION

5.1 Protecia social a omerilor ............... Unemployed social protection

5.2 Asigurri sociale .................................. Social insurance
5.3 Asisten social ................................. Social assistance

6 SNTATE ......................................... HEALTH

7 NVMNT ; CERCETARE ........... EDUCATION ; RESEARCH

7.1 nvmnt............................................ Education

7.2 Cercetare-dezvoltare ........................... Research-development

8 CULTUR ; SPORT ............................ CULTURE ; SPORT

8.1 Cultur ................................................. Culture

8.2 Sport .................................................... Sport

9 CONTURI NAIONALE ...................... NATIONAL ACCOUNTS

 10 INVESTIII ; IMOBILIZRI INVESTMENTS ; TANGIBLE
CORPORALE .................................... FIXED ASSETS

10.1 Investiii ............................................... Investments

10.2 Imobilizri corporale ............................ Tangible fixed assets

11 PREURI ............................................. PRICES

12 REZULTATE I PERFORMANE RESULTS AND PERFORMANCES

ALE NTREPRINDERILOR ................ OF ENTERPRISES

13 AGRICULTUR ; AGRICULTURE ;
SILVICULTUR ................................. SYLVICULTURE

13.1 Agricultur ........................................... Agriculture

13.2 Silvicultur ........................................... Sylviculture

14 INDUSTRIE ; CONSTRUCII ............. INDUSTRY ; CONSTRUCTION

14.1 Industrie ............................................... Industry

14.2 Resursele i consumurile Energy resources and
energetice ........................................... consumptions
14.3 Construcii ........................................... Construction

15 TRANSPORTURI ; POT I TRANSPORT ; POST AND

TELECOMUNICAII .......................... TELECOMMUNICATIONS

16 COMER ; TURISM ; SERVICII ........ TRADE ; TOURISM ; SERVICES

16.1 Comer exterior .................................... Foreign trade

16.2 Comer interior ..................................... Domestic trade
16.3 Turism ................................................. Tourism
16.4 Servicii de pia ................................... Market services

17 FINANE ............................................. FINANCES

18 JUSTIIE I STAREA JUSTICE AND INFRINGEMENTAL

INFRACIONAL .............................. SITUATION

19 STATISTIC ELECTORAL .............. ELECTION STATISTICS

20 STATISTIC TERITORIAL ............... TERRITORIAL STATISTICS

21 STATISTIC INTERNAIONAL ...... INTERNATIONAL STATISTICS

PRESCURTRI FOLOSITE ABBREVIATIONS USED

PENTRU UNITILE DE MSUR ... FOR UNITS OF MEASUREMENT

SIMBOLURI FOLOSITE N SYMBOLS USED IN THE

TABELE ............................................. TABLES
 1
CAPITOLUL

CHAPTER

Geografia i mediul Geography and

nconjurtor environment

1.1 Geografia i organizarea Geography and administrative-

administrativ-teritorial territorial organisation
1.2 Meteorologia Meteorology
1.3 Mediul nconjurtor Environment
GEOGRAFIA I ORGANIZAREA ADMINISTRATIV-TERITORIAL
1.1 GEOGRAFIA I ORGANIZAREA
ADMINISTRATIV-TERITORIAL
CUPRINS
Tabele:
1.1.1 Poziia geografic a Romniei ............
1.1.2 Lungimea frontierelor Romniei ..........
1.1.3 Principalele altitudini muntoase ...........
1.1.4 Lungimea principalelor cursuri de ap
de pe teritoriul Romniei ....................
1.1.5 Principalele lacuri naturale ..................
1.1.6 Principalele lacuri antropice ................
1.1.7 Altitudinea medie a principalelor
orae din Romnia .............................
1.1.8 Organizarea administrativ a
teritoriului Romniei ...........................
Sursa datelor
- Institutul de Geografie Bucureti;
- Inspectoratul General al Poliiei de Frontier din cadrul
Ministerului de Interne;
- Ministerul Apelor i Proteciei Mediului.
Prezentare
Romnia este situat n sud-estul Europei Centrale,
n interiorul i exteriorul arcului munilor Carpai, pe
cursul inferior al Dunrii (1075 km) i cu ieire la Marea
Neagr, la o distan fa de extremitile exit to the Black Sea, being placed at a distance
continentului, ce variaz ntre 1050 km i 2800 km.
Situat la intersecia paralelei 45oN cu meridianul 25oE
(la 17 km nord de oraul Fgra), teritoriul Romniei
se desfoar pe 4o37'59" latitudine i 9o25'40"
longitudine.
Ieirea la mare nlesnete legturile cu rile din town Fgra).
bazinul Mrii Negre, bazinul Mrii Mediterane i prin
intermediul acesteia, cu toate rile lumii.
Litoralul romnesc al Mrii Negre se desfoar pe
245 km, ntre grla Musura (grania cu Ucraina) i
localitatea Vama Veche (grania cu Bulgaria).
Relieful Romniei se compune din trei trepte
majore i anume: cea nalt a Munilor Carpai (cel mai
nalt vrf Moldoveanu 2544 m), cea medie care
corespunde subcarpailor, dealurilor i podiurilor i
cea joas, a cmpiilor, luncilor i Deltei Dunrii. Delta
Dunrii, cea mai tnr unitate de relief, n continu
formare are altitudinea medie de 0,52 m.
Caracteristicile principale ale unitilor de relief sunt:
proporionalitatea (31% muni, 36% dealuri i podiuri,
33% cmpii i lunci), dispunerea concentric i sub
form de amfiteatru a treptelor majore ale reliefului.
Clima Romniei este temperat-continental de
tranziie, cu influene oceanice dinspre vest,
mediteraneene dinspre sud-vest i continental-
excesive din nord-est. Temperatura medie multianual
este difereniat latitudinal, respectiv 8oC n nord i
11oC n sud i altitudinal cu valori de -2,5oC n zonele
montane (Vrful Omu - masivul muntos Bucegi) i
11,6oC n cmpie (oraul Zimnicea - judeul
Teleorman).
8 Anuarul Statistic al Romniei
GEOGRAPHY AND ADMINISTRATIVE -
TERRITORIAL ORGANISATION
CONTENTS
Tables:
Geographical position of Romania
Length of Romanias borders
Major mountain peaks
The length of major rivers
on Romanian territory
Major natural lakes
Major anthropic lakes
Average height of major
towns in Romania
Administrative organisation
of Romanian territory
Data source
- Institute of Geography Bucharest;
- General Inspectorate of Frontier Police within the
Ministry of Interior;
- The Ministry of Waters and Environmental
Protection.
Description
Romania is situated in the south eastern part of
Central Europe inside and outside of the Carpathians
Arch, on the Danube (1075 km) lower course and has
ranging between 1050 km and 2800 km against the
continent extremities.
Romanian territory is unfolding on 4o37'59" latitude and
9o25'40" longitude being placed at the crossing of the
parallel 45oN with the meridian 25oE (at 17 km north of
The exit to the sea enables the connections with the
countries in the Black Sea basin, in the Mediterranean
Sea basin and by means of this with all the countries in
the world.
Romanian seaside of the Black Sea is lying on 245 km,
between stream Musura (at the border with Ukraine)
and locality Vama Veche (at the border with Bulgaria).
Romania's relief consists of three major levels
namely: the highest one in the Carpathians (the highest
peak Moldoveanu 2544 m), the middle one which
corresponds to the Sub-Carpathians, to the hills and to
the plateaus and the lowest one in plains, meadows
and Danube Delta. The Danube Delta, the youngest
relief unit under permanent formation, has the average
height 0.52 m.
Main features of relief units are: proportionality (31%
mountains, 36% hills and plateaus, 33% plains and
meadows), concentric display, in amphitheatre, of the
relief major levels.
Romania's climate is temperate - continental of
transition, with oceanic influences from the west,
Mediterranean ones from south-west and continental-
excessive ones from the north-east. Average yearly
temperature is latitudinally different, 8oC in the north
and 11 oC in the south and altitudinally with values of
 GEOGRAPHY AND ADMINISTRATIVE-TERRITORIAL ORGANISATION
Precipitaiile anuale scad n intensitate de la vest la
est, respectiv de la 600 mm la 500 mm n Cmpia
Romn i sub 400 mm n Dobrogea, pentru ca n
zonele montane s ajung la 1000-1400 mm.
Apele curgtoare ale Romniei sunt dispuse radial,
marea majoritate avnd izvoarele n Carpai,
principalul colector al acestora fiind fluviul Dunrea
care strbate ara n partea sudic pe o lungime de
1075 km i se vars n Marea Neagr.
Lacurile sunt reprezentate prin lacuri naturale
(numeroase tipuri genetice) rspndite n toate
unitile majore de relief, de la cele glaciare n zona
muntoas (Lacul Mioarelor - Fgra la 2282 m) la
limanele fluvio-maritime (Lacul Techirghiol la 1,5 m) i
lacuri antropice de asemenea, n toate unitile de
relief construite pentru valorificarea potenialului
hidroenergetic, pentru alimentare cu ap, irigaii,
piscicultur i agrement.
Vegetaia este condiionat de relief i de elementele
pedo-climatice, ntlnindu-se o dispunere etajat a
acesteia. Regiunile montane sunt acoperite de pduri
de conifere (ndeosebi molid), pduri de amestec (fag,
brad i molid) i pduri de fag. Pe culmile mai nalte se
afl pajiti alpine i tufriuri de jneapn, ienupr, afin
i altele.
n regiunile de deal i de podi se ntlnesc pduri de
foioase n care predomin fagul, gorunul sau stejarul;
pe dealurile joase i cmpiile nalte adesea principalele
specii care alctuiesc pdurile sunt cerul i grnia.
Vegetaia de step i de silvostep, care ocupa zonele
cu deficit de umiditate din Podiul Dobrogei, Cmpia
Romn, Podiul Moldovei i Cmpia de Vest, a fost,
n cea mai mare parte, nlocuit prin culturi agricole.
Fauna Romniei este grupat pe areale difereniate
n funcie de biotopul fiecrei specii. n etajul alpin apar
elemente relicte precum capra neagr i vulturul de
munte. n pdurile carpatine triesc diferite mamifere:
urs, cerb, rs, lup, mistre, cprior, veveri i un numr
mare de specii de psri. n cteva regiuni muntoase
se mai pstreaz cocoul de munte i cocoul de
mesteacn; n zonele de deal i cmpie sunt
rspndite: iepurele, crtia, ariciul, diferite psri,
oprle, batracieni .a.; pentru zonele de step sunt
caracteristice roztoarele (popndul i hrciogul).
Fauna acvatic este reprezentat ndeosebi prin
pstrv n apele de munte (lostria, mai rspndit n
trecut, a devenit destul de rar); clean i mrean n
zonele de dealuri; crap, biban, tiuc, somn, caras n
zonele de cmpie i Delta Dunrii; n apele marine
teritoriale i pe Dunrea inferioar se ntlnesc i
specii de sturioni.
Resursele minerale utile ale Romniei sunt variate.
Printre principalele resurse minerale utile pot fi
menionate: petrolul, cu vechi tradiii de exploatare;
gazele naturale; crbuni, n special huila cocsificabil,
crbunele brun i lignitul; minereuri feroase i
neferoase, zcminte de aur, argint i de bauxit; mari
rezerve de sare, precum i o serie de resurse
nemetalifere. O categorie aparte a bogiilor de subsol
o constituie cele peste 2000 de izvoare de ape
minerale, cu valene pentru consum i tratamente
medicale.
Oraele principale: Bucureti, Iai, Constana,
Timioara, Cluj-Napoca, Galai, Craiova, Braov,
Ploieti, Brila.
Porturile principale:
- la Marea Neagr: Constana, Mangalia;
- la Dunre: Moldova Nou, Orova, Drobeta Turnu-
Severin, Calafat, Corabia, Turnu Mgurele, Zimnicea,
Giurgiu, Oltenia, Clrai, Cernavod, Hrova,
Mcin, Brila, Galai, Tulcea, Sulina.
-2,5 oC in the mountain areas (Omu peak-Bucegi
massif) and 11,6oC in the plain (Zimnicea town -
Teleorman county).
Yearly precipitations decrease in intensity from west to
east, from 600 mm to 500 mm in the Romanian Plain
and under 400 mm in Dobrogea and in the mountain
areas they reach 1000- 1400 mm.
Romanian running waters are radially displayed,
most of them having the springs in the Carpathians.
Their main collector is the Danube river which crosses
the country in the south on 1075 km length and flows
into the Black Sea.
The lakes are represented by natural lakes
(numerous genetic types) spread in all major units of
relief, from glacial ones in the mountainous area
(lake Mioarelor - Fgra 2282 m) to river-maritime
banks (lake Techirghiol at 1,5 m) and anthropic lakes,
as well, in all relief units built to turn into account the
hydro-energy potential, to supply with water, irrigations,
fish breeding and recreation.
The vegetation is determined by the relief and by
pedo-climatic elements, being displayed in floors.
Mountain regions are covered by coniferous forests
(especially spruce fir), mixture forests (beech, fir-tree,
spruce fir) and beech forests. Higher peaks are
covered by alpine lawns and bushes of dwarf pine,
juniper, bilberry a.s.o.
In the hills and plateaus regions there are broad-leaved
forests, prevailing beech, common oak or durmast oak;
the main forest species often met on low hills and high
plains are Quercus cerris and Quercus frainetto.
The steppe and silvosteppe vegetation, which covered
the areas of low humidity in Dobrogea Plateau,
Romanian Plain, Moldova Plateau and Western Plain
has been mostly replaced by agricultural crops.
Romania's fauna is grouped by different areals
according to each species biotype. Relict elements as
black goat (chamois) and mountain vulture occur in the
alpine area. In Carpathian forests live various animals:
bear, buck, lynx, wolf, wild boar, roebuck, squirrel and
several species of birds. In a few mountain areas are
still met both mountain cock and birch cock. In hill and
field areas there are hares, moles, hedgehogs, various
birds, lizards, batrachia a.s.o.; rodent animals as
gopher and hamster are characteristic for the steppe
areas. Water fauna is represented especially by trout in
the mountain waters (huck which was mostly spread in
the past has become rare); dace and barbel in the hill
areas, carp, perch, pike, waller, crucian in the field
areas and Danube Delta; sturgeon species are also
met in the marine territorial waters and on the inferior
Danube.
Romania's useful minerals resources are various.
Among the main useful minerals resources we can
mention: crude oil, with old exploitation traditions;
natural gas; coal, especially coking pitcoal, brown coal
and lignite; ferous and nonferous ores, gold, silver and
bauxite ore deposits; great reserves of salt as well as
numerous nonmetalliferous resources. A special
category of subsoil riches is constituted by over 2000
mineral water springs, with consumption and medical
treatments valences.
Main cities: Bucureti, Iai, Constana, Timioara,
Cluj-Napoca, Galai, Craiova, Braov, Ploieti, Brila.
Main harbours:
- at the Black Sea: Constana, Mangalia;
- at the Danube: Moldova Nou, Orova, Drobeta
Turnu-Severin, Calafat, Corabia, Turnu Mgurele,
Zimnicea, Giurgiu, Oltenia, Clrai, Cernavod,
Hrova, Mcin, Brila, Galai, Tulcea, Sulina.
Romanian Statistical Yearbook 9
GEOGRAFIA I ORGANIZAREA ADMINISTRATIV-TERITORIAL
Aeroporturile principale: Bucureti (Otopeni,
Bneasa), Constana (Mihail Koglniceanu), Timioara,
Cluj-Napoca, Iai, Arad, Oradea, Baia Mare, Trgu
Mure, Suceava, Bacu, Deva, Sibiu, Craiova, Tulcea.
Capitala: Municipiul Bucureti (2009200 locuitori, la
1 iulie 2000). mprit n ase sectoare administrative.
Prima menionare documentar a fost n 20.IX.1459,
ca reedin a lui Vlad epe. Capital a rii was on 20.IX.1459, as residence of Vlad epe. It
Romneti ncepnd din a doua jumtate a secolului al
XVII-lea. Capitala Romniei, din anul 1862; cel mai
important centru politic, economic i cultural-tiinific al
rii.
Limba oficial: limba romn.
Srbtoarea naional: 1 Decembrie.
Drapelul este tricolor; culorile sunt aezate vertical n
ordinea urmtoare, ncepnd de la lance: albastru,
galben, rou.
Forma de guvernmnt a Romniei este republica:
- Republic, conform Constituiei adoptate n 1991;
- Puterea legislativ: parlament bicameral;
- Puterea executiv: guvern, condus de un prim-
ministru (desemnat de preedintele rii, n baza
rezultatelor alegerilor generale);
- Preedintele rii este ales prin scrutin universal
pentru un mandat de 4 ani.
Moneda naional: "Leu".
10 Anuarul Statistic al Romniei
Main airports: Bucureti (Otopeni, Bneasa),
Constana (Mihail Koglniceanu), Timioara, Cluj-
Napoca, Iai, Arad, Oradea, Baia Mare, Trgu Mure,
Suceava, Bacu, Deva, Sibiu, Craiova, Tulcea.
The capital: Bucharest Municipality (2009200
inhabitants on July 1, 2000). Divided into six
adminstrative sectors. The first documentary mention
becomes Capital of Romanian Country (ara
Romneasc) in the second half of the XVIIth century
and Capital of Romania since 1862; the most important
political, economic and cultural-scientific center of the
country.
Official language: Romanian.
National holiday: December, 1.
Flag: is three - coloured; the colours are placed
vertically in the following order from the lance: blue,
yellow, red.
Form of government in Romania is republic:
- Republic, according to the Constitution adopted
in 1991;
- Legislative power: two chamber Parliament;
- Executive power: Government led by Prime
Minister (nominated by the countrys President, based
on general elections results);
- President of the country is elected by universal
vote for a 4 years mandate.
National currency: Leu.
1.1.1 POZIIA GEOGRAFIC A ROMNIEI
GEOGRAPHICAL POSITION OF ROMANIA

Punctul extrem Longitudinea Latitudinea

1)
(localitatea) Judeul estic nordic
Extreme point County Longitude Latitude
1)
(locality) east north

Nord Satul Horoditea Botoani 26o42'05'' 48o15'06''

North Horoditea village

Sud Oraul Zimnicea Teleorman 25o23'32'' 43o37'07''

South Zimnicea town

Est Oraul Sulina Tulcea 29o41'24'' 45o09'36''

East Sulina town

Vest Comuna Beba Veche Timi 20o15'44'' 46o07'27''

West Beba Veche commune
1)
Dup Greenwich. / According to Greenwich.
1.1.2 LUNGIMEA FRONTIERELOR ROMNIEI
LENGTH OF ROMANIAS BORDERS

km
Lungimea frontierelor / Border length
Total Terestr Fluvial Maritim
Total Land River Sea
Total granie 3149,9 1085,6 1816,9 247,4 Total borders
Bulgaria 631,3 139,1 470,0 22,2 Bulgaria
Iugoslavia 546,4 256,8 289,6 - Yugoslavia
Republica Moldova 681,3 - 681,3 - Republic of Moldova
Ucraina 649,4 273,8 343,9 31,7 Ukraine
Ungaria 448,0 415,9 32,1 - Hungary
Marea Neagr 193,5 - - 193,5 Black Sea
Not: Lungimile frontierelor sunt oficializate numai cu Iugoslavia i Ungaria, celelalte frontiere fiind calculate unilateral.
Note: Lengths of borders are official only with Yugoslavia and Hungary, the other borders being unilaterally calculated.
1.1.3 PRINCIPALELE ALTITUDINI MUNTOASE
MAJOR MOUNTAIN PEAKS

Denumirea vrfului muntos Denumirea masivului muntos Judeul Altitudinea vrfului (m)
Name of peak Name of massif County Height (m)

Moldoveanu Fgra Arge 2544

Negoiu Fgra Arge, Braov, Sibiu 2535
Parngu Mare Parng Gorj, Hunedoara 2519
Peleaga Retezat Hunedoara 2509
Omu Bucegi Prahova, Braov, Dmbovia 2505
Retezat Retezat Hunedoara 2482
Iezeru Mare Iezer Arge 2462
Ppua Iezer Arge 2391
Pietrosu Rodna Maramure 2303
Gugu Godeanu Cara-Severin, Hunedoara 2291
Suru Fgra Sibiu, Vlcea 2283
Ineu Rodna Bistria-Nsud 2279
Cindrel Cindrel Sibiu 2244
tefleti Lotru Sibiu, Vlcea 2242
La Om (Piscul Baciului) Piatra Craiului Braov 2238
Godeanu Godeanu Cara-Severin, Gorj 2229
Cleanu arcu Cara-Severin 2190
arcu arcu Cara-Severin 2190
Leaota Leaota Dmbovia, Arge 2133
Vrfu lui Ptru ureanu Hunedoara 2130
Ursu Cpna Vlcea 2124
Pietrosu Climan Suceava, Mure 2100
ureanu ureanu Hunedoara 2059
Ciuca Ciuca Braov, Prahova 1954
Ocolau Mare Ceahlu Neam 1907
Toaca Ceahlu Neam 1900
Straja Vlcan Gorj, Hunedoara 1868
Budacu Bistria Neam, Suceava 1859
Giumalu Raru Suceava 1856
Cucurbta Mare Bihor Bihor, Alba 1849
ible ible Maramure, Bistria-Nsud 1839
Vldeasa Vldeasa Cluj 1836
Harghita Mdra Harghita Harghita 1800
Hmau Mare Hma Harghita, Neam 1792
Pietrosu Bistria Suceava 1791
Goru Vrancea Buzu, Vrancea 1784
Lcu Vrancea Covasna, Vrancea 1777
Saca Gurghiu Mure 1776
Penteleu Penteleu Buzu 1772
Cozia Cozia Vlcea 1668
Grindu Tarcu Bacu 1664
Raru Raru Suceava 1650
Nemira Nemira Bacu 1649
Cucu Harghita Harghita, Covasna 1558
Bivolu Stnioara Neam 1530
Vrfu lui Stan Mehedini Mehedini 1466
Piatra Goznei Semenic Cara-Severin 1447
Guti Guti Maramure 1443
Pade Poiana Rusc Timi, Cara-Severin 1374
Svinecea Mare Almj Cara-Severin 1224
Vrfu Cetii Perani Braov 1104
1.1.4 LUNGIMEA PRINCIPALELOR CURSURI DE AP DE PE TERITORIUL ROMNIEI
THE LENGTH OF MAJOR RIVERS ON ROMANIAN TERRITORY

Denumirea cursului de ap Lungimea cursului de ap (km) Suprafaa bazinului (km 2)

River name Length of the river (km) Basin area (km 2 )
Dunre 1075 33250 1)
Mure 761 27890
Prut 742 10990
Olt 615 24050
Siret 559 42890
Ialomia 417 10350
Some 376 15740
Arge 350 12550
Jiu 339 10080
Buzu 302 5264
Dmbovia 286 2824
Bistria 283 7039
Jijia 275 5757
Trnava Mare 246 6253
Timi 244 5673
Criul Alb 234 4240
Vedea 224 5430
Moldova 213 4299
Brlad 207 7220
Trnava Mic 196 2071
Prahova 193 3738
Neajlov 186 3720
Olte 185 2663
Someul Mic 178 3773
Suceava 173 2298
Bega 170 2362
Arie 166 3005
Trotu 162 4456
1)
Fr afluenii care formeaz bazine de ordinul 1. / Excluding the tributaries which form the first degree basins.
1.1.5 PRINCIPALELE LACURI NATURALE
MAJOR NATURAL LAKES

Denumirea lacului natural Judeul Suprafaa (ha) Volum (mil. m3)

Natural lake name County Area (ha) Volume (mill. m 3 )
Lacuri n circuri glaciare / Lakes of glacial circuses
Bucura Hunedoara 10,5 0,5
Znoaga Mare Hunedoara 9,0 1,0
Blea Sibiu 4,7 0,2
Clcescu Gorj 3,0 0,1
Lacuri n crater vulcanic / Lakes of volcanic crater
Sfnta Ana Harghita 22,0 0,6
Lacuri n depresiuni carstice / Lakes of karstic depressions
Zton Mehedini 20,0 1,0
Iezerul Ighiu Alba 5,3 0,2
Vintileasca Vrancea 4,7 0,1
Lacuri de baraj natural / Lakes of natural barrage
Lacul Rou Harghita 12,6 0,7
Bltu Bacu 6,0 0,1
Lacuri n crovuri (depresiune de tasare) / Clasto-karstic lakes
Ianca Brila 322,0 1,6
Movila Miresii Brila 180,0 4,5
Lacul Srat-Brila Brila 39,0 0,2
Limane fluviatile / River banks
Oltina Constana 2509,0 60,0
Iezerul Mostitei Clrai 1860,0 160,01)
Balta Alb Buzu, Brila 1012,0 5,1
Jirlu Brila 890,0 5,6
Amara-Buzu Buzu 600,0 3,6
Snagov Ilfov 575,0 17,3
Cldruani Ilfov 224,0 4,5
Hazarlc Constana 168,0 0,8
Amara-Ialomia Ialomia 132,0 2,6
Limane fluvio-maritime / River - Maritime Banks
Taaul Constana 2335,0 57,0
Techirghiol Constana 1161,0 41,8
Mangalia Constana 261,0 15,7
Tatlageac Constana 178,0 14,0
Lagune marine / Maritime lagoons
Razim Tulcea 41500,0 909,0
Sinoie Constana 17150,0 210,7
Zmeica Tulcea 5460,0 45,6
Siutghiol Constana 1900,0 88,7
Lacuri de lunc / River meadow lakes
Brate Galai 2111,0 30,0
Bistre Dolj 1867,0 28,0
Suhaia Teleorman 1094,0 18,0
Lacul Rotund Tulcea 219,0 2,0
Lacuri din Delta Dunrii / Danube Delta lakes
Dranov Tulcea 2170,0 21,7
Lacul Rou Tulcea 1445,0 21,7
Gorgova Tulcea 1377,5 13,8
Lumina Tulcea 1367,5 20,5
Merhei Tulcea 1057,5 15,9
Furtuna Tulcea 977,5 9,8
Matia Tulcea 652,5 9,8
1)
Volum rezultat din lucrrile de amenajare pentru irigaii. / Volume resulted from planning works for irrigations.
1.1.6 PRINCIPALELE LACURI ANTROPICE
MAJOR ANTHROPIC LAKES

Suprafaa la nivel Volumul la nivel normal

Denumirea lacului normal de retenie
Judeul de retenie (mil. m3 ) Categoria de folosin
antropic (ha)
County Area at normal level Volume at normal level Category of use
Anthropic lake name
of afflux (ha) of afflux (mill. m 3 )
Ostrovu Mare Mehedini 40000,0 800,0 energie / energy
Porile de Fier Mehedini 10000,0 2400,0 energie / energy
Stnca-Costeti Botoani 5900,0 735,0 complex / complex
Izvorul Muntelui- Neam 3100,0 1130,0 energie / energy
Strejeti Olt 2204,0 202,7 energie / energy
Ipoteti Olt 1692,0 110,0 energie / energy
Frunzaru Olt 1280,0 96,0 energie / energy
Izbiceni Olt 1095,0 74,0 energie / energy
Drgneti Olt 1080,0 76,0 energie / energy
Mihileti Ilfov 1013,0 76,3 complex / complex
Vidra Vlcea 950,0 340,0 energie / energy
Fntnele Cluj 884,0 212,9 energie / energy
Vidraru Arge 870,0 469,0 complex / complex
Soleti Vaslui 452,0 15,8 complex / complex
Oaa Alba 447,0 131,0 energie / energy
Gura Apelor Hunedoara 420,0 210,0 energie / energy
Siriu Buzu 360,0 126,0 complex / complex
Iovan Cara-Severin 290,0 120,0 complex / complex
Lacul Morii Municipiul Bucureti 256,0 14,2 complex / complex
Vcreti Dmbovia 234,0 14,1 complex / complex
Brdior Vlcea 230,0 38,0 energie / energy
Pucai Vaslui 230,0 8,0 complex / complex
Pecineagu Dmbovia 182,0 63,0 complex / complex
Drcani Botoani 500,0 6,1 piscicultur / fish
1.1.7 ALTITUDINEA MEDIE A PRINCIPALELOR ORAE DIN ROMNIA
AVERAGE HEIGHT OF MAJOR TOWNS IN ROMANIA

Oraul Judeul Altitudinea medie (m)

Town County Average height (m)

Alba lulia Alba 235

Alexandria Teleorman 45
Arad Arad 107
Bacu Bacu 165
Baia Mare Maramure 225
Bistria Bistria-Nsud 360
Brlad Vaslui 90
Botoani Botoani 130
Braov Braov 625
Brila Brila 20
Bucureti - 85
Buzu Buzu 95
Clrai Clrai 13
Cluj - Napoca Cluj 360
Constana Constana 25
Craiova Dolj 100
Dej Cluj 285
Deva Hunedoara 220
Drobeta-Turnu Severin Mehedini 65
Fgra Braov 430
Focani Vrancea 55
Galai Galai 35
Giurgiu Giurgiu 23
Hunedoara Hunedoara 245
Iai Iai 95
Lugoj Timi 70
Media Sibiu 285
Miercurea Ciuc Harghita 665
Odorheiu Secuiesc Harghita 385
Oneti Bacu 210
Oradea Bihor 150
Petroani Hunedoara 650
Piatra Neam Neam 345
Piteti Arge 287
Ploieti Prahova 150
Reia Cara-Severin 245
Rmnicu Vlcea Vlcea 250
Roman Neam 195
Satu Mare Satu Mare 123
Sfntu Gheorghe Covasna 555
Sibiu Sibiu 415
Sighetu Marmaiei Maramure 270
Sighioara Mure 375
Slatina Olt 135
Slobozia Ialomia 35
Suceava Suceava 325
Tecuci Galai 50
Timioara Timi 90
Trgovite Dmbovia 280
Trgu Jiu Gorj 205
Trgu Mure Mure 330
Tulcea Tulcea 30
Turda Cluj 330
Turnu Mgurele Teleorman 23
Vaslui Vaslui 110
Zalu Slaj 275

Not: Oraul situat la cea mai mare altitudine medie este Predeal (judeul Braov) - 1060 m.
Oraul situat la cea mai mic altitudine medie este Sulina (judeul Tulcea) - 4 m.
Note: The town situated at the highest average height is Predeal (county Braov) - 1060 m.
The town situated at the lowest average height is Sulina (county Tulcea) - 4 m.
1.1.8 ORGANIZAREA ADMINISTRATIV A TERITORIULUI ROMNIEI
(la 31 decembrie 2001)
ADMINISTRATIVE ORGANISATION OF ROMANIAN TERRITORY
(on December 31, 2001)
Numrul
Suprafaa oraelor din care: Numrul Numrul
total (km2 ) i municipiilor municipii comunelor satelor
Total area Number of which: Number of Number of
(km 2 ) of towns municipalities communes villages
and municipalities

Romnia 238391 265 93 2686 13092

Judeul / County
Alba 6242 11 4 65 656
Arad 7754 8 1 67 273
Arge 6826 6 3 93 577
Bacu 6621 8 2 79 490
Bihor 7544 9 1 86 435
Bistria - Nsud 5355 4 1 53 235
Botoani 4986 4 2 68 336
Braov 5363 9 4 43 150
Brila 4766 4 1 39 140
Buzu 6103 4 2 81 482
Cara - Severin 8520 8 2 69 287
Clrai 5088 5 2 48 160
Cluj 6674 6 5 74 420
Constana 7071 11 3 54 189
Covasna 3710 5 2 34 122
Dmbovia 4054 6 1 76 361
Dolj 7414 5 2 94 380
Galai 4466 4 2 56 180
Giurgiu 3526 3 1 46 166
Gorj 5602 7 2 63 414
Harghita 6639 9 2 49 236
Hunedoara 7063 14 5 55 457
Ialomia 4453 4 3 49 130
Iai 5476 4 2 85 420
Ilfov 1583 2 - 37 102
Maramure 6304 8 2 62 226
Mehedini 4933 5 2 59 344
Mure 6714 7 4 90 486
Neam 5896 4 2 70 347
Olt 5498 7 2 94 378
Prahova 4716 14 2 86 405
Satu Mare 4418 4 2 56 226
Slaj 3864 4 1 55 281
Sibiu 5432 9 2 53 173
Suceava 8553 8 5 90 396
Teleorman 5790 5 3 83 231
Timi 8697 7 2 75 317
Tulcea 8499 5 1 43 133
Vaslui 5318 4 3 71 456
Vlcea 5765 8 2 77 564
Vrancea 4857 5 2 59 331
Municipiul Bucureti 238 1 1 - -
Bucharest Municipality
METEOROLOGIA
1.2 METEOROLOGIA
CUPRINS
Tabele:
1.2.1 Temperatura aerului
(media lunar i anual) ....................
1.2.2 Temperatura aerului (maxima absolut
i minima absolut lunar i anual) ..
1.2.3 Precipitaii atmosferice
(cantitatea lunar i anual) ................
Sursa datelor
Institutul Naional de Meteorologie i Hidrologie.
Precizri metodologice
Cercetarea proceselor i fenomenelor fizice din
atmosfera terestr, care determin starea timpului i
clima, are la baz msurtorile i observaiile
meteorologice ce se efectueaz permanent sau
periodic n diferite puncte de pe suprafaa globului
terestru i la diferite nlimi n atmosfera liber.
Programul unitar al msurtorilor i observaiilor,
precum i alte activiti meteorologice se asigur prin
colaborarea internaional din cadrul Organizaiei
Meteorologice Mondiale.
Staia meteorologic reprezint punctul de
pe suprafaa terestr unde se efectueaz observaii
i msurtori asupra tuturor elementelor i
fenomenelor meteorologice, conform programului
stabilit. Majoritatea observaiilor, msurtorilor i
determinrilor meteorologice de la staii se
efectueaz pe platforma meteorologic situat pe
un teren deschis, tipic pentru regiunea respectiv,
cu dimensionarea standard de 26 m x 26 m.
Pentru cercetarea proceselor i fenomenelor
atmosferice i pentru calculul diferiilor parametri
meteorologici i climatici, este necesar raportarea
observaiilor i msurtorilor, att n spaiu ct i n
timp.
Programul climatologic reprezint complexul
observaiilor i msurtorilor meteorologice ce se
execut la staii, dup timpul solar mediu local, att
la termenele fixe, ct i continuu n 24 de ore.
Permanent, la termenele climatologice (1, 7, 13, 19
timp solar mediu local) se efectueaz observaii i
msurtori asupra: presiunii atmosferice, vntului,
temperaturii i umezelii aerului, temperaturii suprafeei
solului, nebulozitii, precipitaiilor, vizibilitii orizontale.
Continuu, n tot cursul zilei i nopii se determin
caracteristicile tuturor fenomenelor meteorologice
(hidrometeori, litometeori, electrometeori etc).
Observaiile asupra temperaturii aerului constau
n msurarea temperaturii aerului la termenele
stabilite i n determinarea valorilor maxime i minime
ale acesteia n intervalele de timp dintre aceste
termene.
Temperatura aerului se msoar cu instrumente cu
citire direct, psihrometrul cu ventilaie artificial,
termometrul de maxim cu mercur i termometrul de
minim cu alcool i cu aparate nregistratoare
(termografe). Pentru ca instrumentele cu care se
msoar temperatura i umezeala aerului s nu fie
influenate direct de radiaia solar,de radiaia terestr,
de precipitaii i de rafalele vntului, ele se instaleaz
n adpostul meteorologic situat la 2 m nlime
deasupra solului.
16 Anuarul Statistic al Romniei
METEOROLOGY
CONTENTS
Tables:
Air temperature
(monthly and yearly average)
Air temperature (monthly and yearly
absolute maximum and absolute minimum)
Precipitations
(monthly and yearly average quantity)
Data source
National Institute for Meteorology and Hydrology.
Methodological notes
The research of physical processes and phenomena
in the terrestrial atmosphere, which determines the
weather and the climate, relies on the meteorological
measurements and observations, permanently or
periodically carried out in different points on the
terrestrial globe surface and at various altitudes in the
free atmosphere. The unitary programme of measurements
and observations, as well as other meteorological
activities are assured by international co-operation
within the World Meteorology Organisation.
The meteorological station represents the point
from the terrestrial surface, where measurements and
observations on all meteorological elements and
phenomena are carried out in keeping with the
programme. Most of meteorological observations,
measurements and determinations from the stations
are performed on the meteorological area situated on
an open land, typical for the respective region with the
standard dimension of 26 m x 26 m.
In order to observe the atmospheric processes and
phenomena and to compute various meteorological
and climatic parameters, it is necessary to report
observations and measurements both in space and
over time.
The climatic programme represents the complex of
meteorological observations and measurements
performed at stations, according to the local average
solar time, both at fixed deadlines and continuously
during 24 hours. Permanently, at the climatic deadlines
(1,7,13,19 local average solar time), the observations
and measurements are done for: atmospheric
pressure, wind, air temperature and humidity, ground
surface temperature, cloudiness, precipitations,
horizontal visibility. Continuously, during all day and
night, the characteristics of all meteorological
phenomena (hydrometeors, litometeors, electrometeors
a.s.o) are determined.
Air temperature observations consist of air
temperature measurement at the observation deadlines
and of determining its maximum and minimum values,
during the intervals between the climatic observation
deadlines.
Air temperature is measured with direct reading
instruments, the psychrometer with artificial ventilation,
the thermometer of maximum with mercury and the
thermometer of minimum with alcohol and with
recording apparatus (thermographs). In view to ensure
that the instruments for measuring air temperature and
humidity are not directly influenced by the solar,
terrestrial radiation, by precipitations and by wind gusts,
they should be placed in the meteorological shelter
situated 2 meters high above the ground.
 Msurarea cantitilor de ap ce provin din
precipitaii atmosferice sau care se depun din ali
hidrometeori se efectueaz cu ajutorul pluviometrului,
iar nregistrarea continu a precipitaiilor (lichide) se
face cu pluviograful. Cantitile de ap se msoar
zilnic la termenele climatologice (1, 7, 13, 19) i se
exprim prin grosimea stratului de ap czut, n mm
(1mm=1l / m2).
The measurement of water quantities coming from
atmospheric precipitations or deposited by other
hydrometeors is carried out by means of pluviometer
and the continuous recording of precipitations (liquids)
is performed with the pluviograph. Water quantities are
daily measured at climatic deadlines (1,7,13,19) and
they are expressed by the thickness of the fallen water
layer, in mm (1mm=1l / m2).

TEMPERATURA AERULUI I PRECIPITAIILE ATMOSFERICE,

PE PRINCIPALELE STAII METEOROLOGICE, N 2001
AIR TEMPERATURE AND PRECIPITATIONS,
BY THE MAIN METEOROLOGICAL STATIONS, IN 2001

Minima absolut Maxima absolut Cantitatea anual

anual anual de precipitaii
Staia meteorologic (grade Celsius) (grade Celsius) (mm)
Meteorological station Yearly absolute Yearly absolute Yearly average quantity
minimum maximum by precipitations
(Celsius degrees) (Celsius degrees) (mm)

Satu Mare -21,9 33,8 755,1

Suceava -19,6 34,6 688,6
Oradea -21,2 36,0 821,8
Iai -20,4 37,1 660,1
Cluj-Napoca -21,0 34,3 819,4
Trgu Mure -24,5 35,0 739,9
Bacu -21,0 35,9 663,0
Timioara -15,9 37,4 685,6
Deva -18,3 35,0 746,5
Sibiu -26,7 34,8 728,7
Vrfu Omu -24,2 16,6 937,1
Galai -14,4 36,2 533,1
Trgu Jiu -15,2 35,8 695,5
Buzu -14,6 37,5 443,0
Calafat -16,4 38,2 476,9
Turnu Mgurele -17,5 38,4 515,3
Bucureti-Filaret -12,6 38,1 522,5
Constana -11,0 33,6 400,4
1.2.1 TEMPERATURA AERULUI
(media lunar i anual)
AIR TEMPERATURE
(monthly and yearly average)
grade Celsius Celsius degrees
Media lunar Monthly average Media Amplitudinea
Staia meteorologic anual anual Meteorological station
i anii de observaie Ianuarie Februarie Martie Aprilie Mai Iunie Iulie August Septembrie Octombrie Noiembrie Decembrie and observation years
Yearly Yearly
January February March April May June July August September October November December
average amplitude

Satu Mare Satu Mare

1901 - 1990 -2,9 -0,6 4,5 10,4 15,7 18,7 20,4 19,7 15,6 10,1 4,9 0,2 9,7 23,3 1901 - 1990
2001 0,5 0,7 7,4 10,5 16,8 17,5 21,2 20,9 14,1 12,0 2,4 -5,5 9,9 26,7 2001
Suceava Suceava
1901 - 1990 -5,1 -3,4 1,3 7,8 13,4 16,8 18,5 17,7 13,6 7,8 2,8 -2,2 7,4 23,6 1901 - 1990
2001 -1,8 -0,4 4,5 8,9 14,0 16,2 20,9 19,7 13,3 10,4 1,3 -6,7 8,4 27,6 2001
Oradea Oradea
1901 - 1990 -2,0 0,3 5,3 10,8 15,9 18,9 20,8 20,3 16,3 10,9 5,3 0,9 10,3 22,8 1901 - 1990
2001 2,0 2,7 8,2 10,8 17,5 17,9 21,8 22,1 14,9 13,2 2,6 -4,2 10,8 26,3 2001
Iai Iai
1901 - 1990 -3,7 -2,0 3,1 10,1 16,0 19,4 21,1 20,4 16,0 10,0 4,2 -0,7 9,5 24,8 1901 - 1990
2001 -0,2 0,5 6,6 11,2 15,8 18,1 23,7 22,7 15,9 11,6 2,8 -6,6 10,2 30,3 2001
Cluj-Napoca Cluj-Napoca
1901 - 1990 -4,3 -2,2 3,6 9,2 14,4 17,4 19,1 18,3 14,2 8,8 3,3 -1,3 8,4 23,4 1901 - 1990
2001 -0,9 0,1 7,1 9,7 15,4 16,5 19,7 20,1 13,5 10,9 1,4 -6,9 8,9 27,0 2001
Trgu Mure Trgu Mure
1901 - 1990 -4,1 -1,8 4,0 9,7 14,8 17,6 19,3 18,7 14,6 9,2 3,7 -1,3 8,7 23,4 1901 - 1990
2001 -0,4 0,4 7,1 10,5 15,5 17,3 21,0 21,2 14,6 11,2 2,3 -7,5 9,4 28,7 2001
Bacu Bacu
1901 - 1990 -3,8 -2,3 2,8 9,6 15,2 18,8 20,5 19,7 15,3 9,5 3,8 -0,9 9,0 24,3 1901 - 1990
2001 -0,7 0,8 6,1 10,4 15,7 18,4 23,0 21,7 15,8 11,5 2,6 -5,8 10,0 28,8 2001
Timioara Timioara
1901 - 1990 -1,6 0,5 5,7 11,1 16,3 19,5 21,4 20,8 16,8 11,2 5,7 1,2 10,7 23,0 1901 - 1990
2001 2,3 3,3 9,4 10,7 17,8 18,7 22,2 22,9 15,1 13,3 3,5 -3,3 11,3 26,2 2001
Deva Deva
1901 - 1990 -2,6 0,0 5,4 10,7 15,6 18,6 20,4 19,8 15,8 10,2 4,8 0,4 9,9 23,0 1901 - 1990
2001 0,5 2,1 8,5 10,8 16,4 17,1 20,8 21,2 14,3 12,1 3,0 -4,9 10,2 26,1 2001
Sibiu Sibiu
1901 - 1990 -3,7 -1,4 4,0 9,5 14,4 17,4 19,2 18,5 14,6 9,2 3,9 -1,0 8,7 22,9 1901 - 1990
2001 -0,8 0,5 7,7 9,8 15,5 16,4 20,2 19,8 13,7 11,1 1,4 -7,9 9,0 28,1 2001
Vrfu Omu Vrfu Omu
1901 - 1990 -10,7 -10,8 -8,4 -4,4 0,3 3,4 5,4 5,6 2,8 -0,8 -4,8 -8,4 -2,6 16,4 1901 - 1990
2001 -7,6 -10,0 -4,8 -3,9 0,8 2,4 7,4 8,0 2,6 1,8 -7,7 -13,4 -2,0 21,4 2001
Galai Galai
1901 - 1990 -2,7 -1,1 4,0 10,7 16,5 20,3 22,4 21,8 17,4 11,3 5,2 0,1 10,5 25,1 1901 - 1990
2001 1,1 2,4 7,8 11,5 16,7 19,0 25,5 24,4 17,5 13,0 4,2 -4,4 11,6 29,9 2001
Trgu Jiu Trgu Jiu
1901 - 1990 -2,5 -0,4 4,8 10,9 15,9 19,3 21,4 20,8 16,6 10,5 4,9 0,1 10,2 23,9 1901 - 1990
2001 0,9 2,8 8,0 11,3 16,5 18,5 22,1 23,0 15,6 12,1 4,0 -3,3 11,0 26,3 2001
Buzu Buzu
1901 - 1990 -2,4 -0,3 4,4 10,8 16,6 20,2 22,2 21,8 17,4 11,2 5,1 0,5 10,6 24,6 1901 - 1990
2001 1,0 2,5 7,9 11,5 17,2 19,8 24,9 24,8 17,6 13,5 4,4 -3,6 11,8 28,5 2001
Calafat Calafat
1901 - 1990 -1,6 0,4 5,6 11,9 17,3 20,9 23,2 22,7 18,2 11,9 5,8 1,1 11,5 24,8 1901 - 1990
2001 1,1 3,2 9,5 11,5 18,3 20,2 24,5 25,3 17,8 14,4 5,3 -2,5 12,4 27,8 2001
Turnu Mgurele Turnu Mgurele
1901 - 1990 -2,4 0,2 5,6 12,2 17,6 21,2 23,2 22,4 18,1 11,8 5,8 0,6 11,4 25,6 1901 - 1990
2001 1,0 2,7 9,1 11,5 17,5 20,2 24,6 25,3 18,5 13,6 4,7 -3,7 12,1 29,0 2001
Bucureti-Filaret Bucureti-Filaret
1901 - 1990 -2,4 -0,3 5,2 11,6 16,9 20,6 22,8 22,3 17,8 11,8 5,5 0,4 11,0 25,2 1901 - 1990
2001 1,4 3,3 8,8 11,5 17,3 19,9 24,6 24,9 18,5 13,8 4,7 -3,4 12,1 28,3 2001
Constana Constana
1901 - 1990 0,0 1,1 4,4 9,5 15,1 19,6 22,1 21,9 18,2 13,2 7,6 2,8 11,3 22,1 1901 - 1990
2001 4,1 4,2 9,1 10,4 15,9 19,2 25,8 24,6 19,5 14,9 6,5 -1,9 12,7 27,7 2001
1.2.2 TEMPERATURA AERULUI
(maxima absolut i minima absolut lunar i anual)
AIR TEMPERATURE
(monthly and yearly absolute maximum and absolute minimum)
grade Celsius Celsius degrees
Maxima absolut Minima absolut
Staia anual i data anual i data Meteorological
meteorologic Ianuarie Februarie Martie Aprilie Mai Iunie Iulie August Septembrie Octombrie Noiembrie Decembrie nregistrrii nregistrrii station and
i anii de January February March April May June July August September October November December Yearly absolute Yearly absolute observation
observaie maximum and minimum and years
its date its date

Satu Mare Satu Mare

1901-1990 1901-1990
maxima lunar 14,7 17,9 26,0 30,7 32,4 35,5 37,2 39,4 37,3 28,3 24,2 18,0 39,4 absolute maximum
anul 1990 1989 1974 1950 1937 1963 1939;1987 1952 1946 1943 1968 1989 21 august 1952 year
minima lunar -29,3 -27,6 -20,6 -6,4 -2,6 0,6 4,9 3,5 -4,7 -9,3 -19,6 -30,4 -30,4 absolute minimum
anul 1982 1940 1940 1954 1976 1977 1961 1980 1970 1971 1989 1961 24 decembrie 1961 year
2001 2001
maxima lunar 13,6 16,2 21,8 26,3 29,3 31,6 33,4 33,8 25,5 26,2 13,2 6,4 33,8 absolute maximum
ziua 7 9 25 30 18 11 16 10 5 3 8 30 10 august date
minima lunar -11,9 -15,8 -2,4 -1,9 3,0 5,9 12,0 6,1 4,0 -3,5 -7,0 -21,9 -21,9 absolute minimum
ziua 22 27 8 14 24 2 19 31 28 28 19 25 25 decembrie date
Suceava Suceava
1901-1990 1901-1990
maxima lunar 15,0 20,4 26,6 28,4 34,5 33,4 35,2 38,6 32,9 32,0 21,8 17,6 38,6 absolute maximum
anul 1984 1990 1952 1943 1958 1963 1988 1952 1986 1952 1952 1961 17 august 1952 year
minima lunar -29,6 -31,0 -21,9 -9,2 -2,0 1,5 5,9 4,6 -3,5 -8,0 -21,2 -25,0 -31,0 absolute minimum
anul 1954 1954 1955 1963 1976 1958 1954 1966 1953;1977 1951;1979 1942 1957 20 februarie 1954 year
2001 2001
maxima lunar 10,5 17,1 20,5 26,6 26,4 33,5 32,9 34,6 25,8 29,4 19,8 9,2 34,6 absolute maximum
ziua 8 9 13 30 18 11 16 10 24 3 1 30 10 august date
minima lunar -12,0 -10,5 -6,0 -4,2 2,2 6,0 12,9 6,4 0,4 -5,1 -12,0 -19,6 -19,6 absolute minimum
ziua 15 4 7 12 24 2 2 31 30 25 28 18 18 decembrie date
Oradea Oradea
1901-1990 1901-1990
maxima lunar 17,1 19,5 26,4 32,6 33,4 36,6 39,5 39,5 37,0 32,7 23,6 19,2 39,5 absolute maximum
anul 1939 1914 1974 1934 1968 1935 1936 1943 1942 1932 1926 1957 29 iulie 1936 year
22 august 1943
minima lunar -29,2 -24,5 -18,6 -10,0 -4,0 1,0 5,0 4,2 -1,9 -10,5 -17,2 -27,9 -29,2 absolute minimum
anul 1942 1935 1932 1944 1943 1918 1943 1942;1943 1970 1943 1915 1902 24 ianuarie 1942 year
2001 2001
maxima lunar 17,4 17,5 23,5 27,1 30,4 30,7 35,4 36,0 27,8 28,0 16,0 5,0 36,0 absolute maximum
ziua 7 8 25 30 18 10 15 10 1 9 1 30 10 august date
minima lunar -8,5 -11,5 -1,5 -2,5 3,6 5,3 13,3 7,1 4,8 -0,7 -8,3 -21,2 -21,2 absolute minimum
ziua 15 27 28 14 13 6 1 30 28 28 27 25 25 decembrie date
Iai Iai
1901-1990 1901-1990
maxima lunar 16,7 22,5 27,0 31,5 36,5 38,0 40,0 39,7 38,0 33,9 28,5 19,5 40,0 absolute maximum
anul 1921 1990 1926 1909 1950 1927 1909 1905 1946 1952 1926 1989 27 iulie 1909 year
minima lunar -30,6 -36,6 -22,7 -9,4 -3,0 3,5 6,3 4,6 -3,5 -9,6 -18,6 -29,5 -36,6 absolute minimum
anul 1963 1937 1952 1963 1935 1934 1929 1914 1921 1912 1942 1946 1 februarie 1937 year
2001 2001
maxima lunar 10,1 14,6 23,0 24,7 28,3 33,7 36,3 37,1 28,1 28,2 19,8 8,1 37,1 absolute maximum
ziua 29 8 13 30 17 11 16 10 5 3 9 30 10 august date
minima lunar -10,0 -11,1 -5,4 -3,4 4,3 7,2 15,1 8,6 3,5 -3,6 -8,0 -20,4 -20,4 absolute minimum
ziua 25 28 7 2 14 2 6 31 30 25 28 18 18 decembrie date
Cluj - Napoca Cluj - Napoca
1901-1990 1901-1990
maxima lunar 14,0 19,3 26,6 30,2 32,5 36,0 37,0 38,0 33,7 32,6 26,0 18,5 38,0 absolute maximum
anul 1903 1966 1975 1926;1950 1924 1935 1936 1952 1927 1926 1926 1957 16 august 1952 year
minima lunar -34,2 -32,5 -22,0 -8,4 -3,5 0,4 5,2 3,5 -3,0 -7,7 -22,3 -27,9 -34,2 absolute minimum
anul 1963 1929 1932 1923 1935;1952 1955 1980 1933 1939 1988 1948 1927 23 ianuarie 1963 year
2001 2001
maxima lunar 11,0 13,7 26,4 24,4 27,5 34,3 31,4 33,2 26,7 24,9 18,9 6,3 34,3 absolute maximum
ziua 8 9 25 30 18 11 16 10 24 3 9 30 11 iunie date
minima lunar -12,6 -12,2 -4,5 -2,3 2,3 7,1 11,2 5,5 4,9 -4,4 -10,8 -21,0 -21,0 absolute minimum
ziua 15 28 7 16 14 5 19 31 14 27 27 18 18 decembrie date
1.2.2 TEMPERATURA AERULUI
(maxima absolut i minima absolut lunar i anual)
AIR TEMPERATURE
(monthly and yearly absolute maximum and absolute minimum)
grade Celsius - continuare Celsius degrees - continued
Maxima absolut Minima absolut
Staia anual i data anual i data Meteorological
meteorologic Ianuarie Februarie Martie Aprilie Mai Iunie Iulie August Septembrie Octombrie Noiembrie Decembrie nregistrrii nregistrrii station and
i anii de January February March April May June July August September October November December Yearly absolute Yearly absolute observation
observaie maximum and minimum and years
its date its date

Trgu Mure Trgu Mure

1901-1990 1901-1990
maxima lunar 14,0 18,7 27,0 32,5 34,4 35,3 39,0 38,5 38,2 31,5 26,5 18,3 39,0 absolute maximum
anul 1936 1977 1975 1934 1950 1963 1936 1946 1946 1952 1926 1960 29 iulie 1936 year
minima lunar -32,8 -32,0 -27,3 -7,5 -1,6 0,3 5,8 2,7 3,3 -8,4 -19,6 -25,9 -32,8 absolute minimum
anul 1942;1963 1929 1932 1929 1976 1928 1924 1958 1970 1988 1989 1929 25 ianuarie 1942 year
23 ianuarie 1963
2001 2001
maxima lunar 16,5 16,6 26,6 25,7 28,4 34,0 34,0 35,0 28,2 27,5 19,3 5,7 35,0 absolute maximum
ziua 8 9 25 30 18 11 17 10 24 3 9 30 10 august date
minima lunar -12,7 -15,1 -5,5 -3,7 2,2 7,2 11,6 6,4 3,9 -5,0 -8,3 -24,5 -24,5 absolute minimum
ziua 21 28 7 2 14 8 19 31 14 27 18 25 25 decembrie date
Bacu Bacu
1901-1990 1901-1990
maxima lunar 18,2 22,4 29,6 30,8 35,6 36,5 39,6 38,8 35,8 34,6 26,6 19,0 39,6 absolute maximum
anul 1984 1977 1952 1968 1908 1908 1988 1952 1946 1952 1990 1903 6 iulie 1988 year
minima lunar -30,8 -32,5 -21,5 -11,3 -3,0 2,7 6,0 3,0 -4,5 -10,0 -17,5 -27,8 -32,5 absolute minimum
anul 1963 1954 1986 1963 1912 1939 1904 1940 1977 1912 1915 1946 20 februarie 1954 year
2001 2001
maxima lunar 13,0 14,5 22,4 22,7 27,4 35,7 34,0 35,9 27,1 28,5 19,7 11,4 35,9 absolute maximum
ziua 29 6 13 29 18 11 16 10 2 4 1 30 10 august date
minima lunar -9,2 -16,1 -5,4 -3,5 1,9 8,2 14,6 7,5 3,3 -4,3 -10,5 -21,0 -21,0 absolute minimum
ziua 15 28 8 2 14 5 4 31 30 25 28 18 18 decembrie date
Timioara Timioara
1901-1990 1901-1990
maxima lunar 17,4 19,7 28,2 32,0 34,5 38,4 39,6 41,0 39,7 33,8 24,8 20,2 41,0 absolute maximum
anul 1979 1966 1952 1950 1950 1938 1939 1952 1946 1935 1969 1957 16 august 1952 year
minima lunar -35,3 -29,2 -20,0 -5,2 -5,0 2,2 5,9 5,0 -6,5 -6,8 -15,4 -24,8 -35,3 absolute minimum
anul 1963 1935;1956 1932 1931 1935 1962 1962 1949 1946 1971 1922 1927 29 ianuarie 1963 year
2001 2001
maxima lunar 18,0 18,9 27,2 26,5 30,3 34,3 35,2 37,4 29,5 27,2 16,7 7,6 37,4 absolute maximum
ziua 7 8 25 30 18 11 16 10 1 4 8 30 10 august date
minima lunar -7,4 -9,7 -2,3 -2,2 3,0 6,7 11,0 9,2 6,2 -0,7 -5,3 -15,9 -15,9 absolute minimum
ziua 21 28 8 16 14 5 4 30 28 27 21 18 18 decembrie date
Deva Deva
1901-1990 1901-1990
maxima lunar 15,3 20,8 28,5 32,3 34,6 35,6 39,4 39,7 38,2 32,7 27,4 19,8 39,7 absolute maximum
anul 1953 1977 1952 1956 1950 1952 1931 1952 1946 1932 1926 1957 16 august 1952 year
minima lunar -31,6 -28,1 -20,1 -6,0 -2,4 2,2 3,7 4,4 -4,2 -6,5 -16,6 -24,1 -31,6 absolute minimum
anul 1963 1929 1932 1926 1953 1933 1962 1961 1970 1943 1922 1927 24 ianuarie 1963 year
2001 2001
maxima lunar 15,3 17,0 28,4 25,1 28,8 34,6 33,8 35,0 29,3 27,5 20,7 7,3 35,0 absolute maximum
ziua 7 8 25 30 18 11 16 10 24 3 9 30 10 august date
minima lunar -12,0 -8,4 -4,5 -2,5 2,8 4,0 11,0 7,0 4,8 -3,6 -6,6 -18,3 -18,3 absolute minimum
ziua 21 28 8 2 15 6 19 30 13 27 18 18 18 decembrie date
Sibiu Sibiu
1901-1990 1901-1990
maxima lunar 15,6 21,3 30,6 30,2 32,1 35,4 37,5 38,4 39,5 32,5 27,0 19,3 39,5 absolute maximum
anul 1903 1966 1952 1934 1973 1963 1987 1946 1946 1932 1926 1957 7 septembrie 1946 year
minima lunar -31,8 -31,0 -24,5 -12,0 -3,6 1,0 5,2 1,0 -3,6 -9,0 -21,3 -29,8 -31,8 absolute minimum
anul 1963 1929 1932 1942 1963 1934 1933 1981 1970;1977 1988 1948 1927 23 ianuarie 1963 year
2001 2001
maxima lunar 17,8 17,2 28,2 23,9 29,1 34,8 32,1 32,7 27,4 27,1 17,6 6,9 34,8 absolute maximum
ziua 8 8 25 30 18 11 16 10 24 4 9 30 11 iunie date
minima lunar -15,7 -13,4 -8,1 -6,4 1,7 5,7 10,4 2,8 1,5 -5,9 -8,7 -26,7 -26,7 absolute minimum
ziua 15 28 7 2 14 2 24 31 14 27 27 18 18 decembrie date
1.2.2 TEMPERATURA AERULUI
(maxima absolut i minima absolut lunar i anual)
AIR TEMPERATURE
(monthly and yearly absolute maximum and absolute minimum)
grade Celsius - continuare Celsius degrees - continued
Maxima absolut Minima absolut
Staia anual i data anual i data Meteorological
meteorologic Ianuarie Februarie Martie Aprilie Mai Iunie Iulie August Septembrie Octombrie Noiembrie Decembrie nregistrrii nregistrrii station and
i anii de January February March April May June July August September October November December Yearly absolute Yearly absolute observation
observaie maximum and minimum and years
its date its date

Vrfu Omu Vrfu Omu

1901-1990 1901-1990
maxima lunar 5,6 6,0 12,2 12,8 16,6 22,0 22,1 20,8 19,0 20,0 13,6 8,2 22,1 absolute maximum
anul 1949 1950 1974 1986 1986 1939 1984 1957;1958 1982 1935 1945 1972 14 iulie 1984 year
minima lunar -32,3 -38,0 -29,6 -26,0 -16,0 -12,0 -8,0 -7,0 -15,0 -19,0 -30,8 -32,4 -38,0 absolute minimum
anul 1964 1929 1987 1940 1940 1939 1933 1949 1935 1946 1957 1957 10 februarie 1929 year
2001 2001
maxima lunar 3,8 1,8 3,6 6,5 14,7 15,5 16,2 16,6 10,4 14,8 5,6 -2,5 16,6 absolute maximum
ziua 8 9 26 3 2 11 8 9 24 4 1 3 9 august date
minima lunar -21,0 -21,4 -15,2 -13,8 -8,8 -6,4 0,4 -3,2 -5,2 -9,3 -20,2 -24,2 -24,2 absolute minimum
ziua 14 4 7 14 14 5 6 30 13 26 21 17 17 decembrie date
Galai Galai
1901-1990 1901-1990
maxima lunar 17,0 22,4 27,8 32,5 36,2 36,7 38,6 39,0 35,4 33,5 25,6 20,0 39,0 absolute maximum
anul 1949 1990 1952 1905 1950 1905 1988 1904 1952 1952 1926 1947 8 august 1904 year
minima lunar -26,5 -28,6 -17,2 -5,2 -0,1 4,8 7,6 6,4 -0,5 -6,7 -17,9 -20,2 -28,6 absolute minimum
anul 1929 1929 1985 1904 1935 1913 1933 1987 1915 1912 1933 1902 10 februarie 1929 year
2001 2001
maxima lunar 14,5 17,7 23,4 23,5 27,8 34,0 35,3 36,2 30,4 28,4 22,6 5,4 36,2 absolute maximum
ziua 29 9 26 22 28 11 16 10 2 4 1 30 10 august date
minima lunar -9,5 -12,7 -2,8 0,0 5,6 9,2 16,8 9,3 5,2 -1,9 -5,8 -14,4 -14,4 absolute minimum
ziua 25 28 1 2 24 5 3 31 28 26 21 18 18 decembrie date
Trgu Jiu Trgu Jiu
1901-1990 1901-1990
maxima lunar 18,3 21,7 26,4 31,8 37,5 36,6 39,3 39,0 40,6 31,5 26,4 20,0 40,6 absolute maximum
anul 1983 1990 1957 1926 1950 1947;1963 1985 1922;1946;1952 1946 1935 1926 1986 8 septembrie 1946 year
minima lunar -31,0 -28,3 -24,7 -4,6 -1,2 2,0 5,5 2,6 -4,0 -9,0 -15,1 -26,9 -31,0 absolute minimum
anul 1942 1954 1987 1968 1938 1918 1989 1939 1906 1918 1904 1940 24 ianuarie 1942 year
2001 2001
maxima lunar 12,8 18,8 22,2 23,5 29,1 33,1 34,0 35,8 28,4 28,5 20,6 6,6 35,8 absolute maximum
ziua 8 10 26 29 30 11 16 10 1 4 1 1 10 august date
minima lunar -5,4 -11,8 -4,3 -2,6 4,3 7,2 12,4 8,0 3,7 -4,6 -6,6 -15,2 -15,2 absolute minimum
ziua 16 28 8 2 15 24 19 30 13 27 18 18 18 decembrie date
Buzu Buzu
1901-1990 1901-1990
maxima lunar 18,4 22,2 27,9 31,5 37,3 38,5 39,2 39,6 37,0 35,3 25,0 21,6 39,6 absolute maximum
anul 1936 1990 1947 1909;1947 1950 1908 1987 1951 1946 1952 1963 1989 10 august 1951 year
minima lunar -29,6 -25,0 -17,0 -5,3 -2,0 4,6 7,5 5,4 -2,0 -8,0 -17,6 -23,0 -29,6 absolute minimum
anul 1942 1929 1901 1944 1915 1973 1902 1939 1977 1988 1975 1902 24 ianuarie 1942 year
2001 2001
maxima lunar 16,2 18,1 28,0 23,2 29,7 35,5 36,7 37,5 31,5 29,3 21,1 7,1 37,5 absolute maximum
ziua 29 9 26 8 18 11 17 10 2 4 1 23 10 august date
minima lunar -7,5 -9,5 -2,2 1,5 3,6 9,3 16,2 11,3 7,5 -1,9 -6,2 -14,6 -14,6 absolute minimum
ziua 15 4 9 2 15 24 25 30 27 26 27 18 18 decembrie date
Calafat Calafat
1901-1990 1901-1990
maxima lunar 20,4 22,4 27,6 34,5 36,5 39,5 41,5 41,3 39,8 31,3 25,9 21,2 41,5 absolute maximum
anul 1984 1990 1952 1985 1908 1908 1916 1945 1946 1943 1970 1989 5 iulie 1916 year
minima lunar -29,2 -24,6 -15,7 -3,0 1,6 6,2 9,0 7,3 -1,3 -6,2 -16,2 -21,8 -29,2 absolute minimum
anul 1947 1950 1963 1912 1952 1962 1913 1904 1977 1988 1988 1948 8 ianuarie 1947 year
2001 2001
maxima lunar 15,2 18,4 23,6 24,4 31,6 38,2 37,2 37,5 31,3 30,6 22,5 13,4 38,2 absolute maximum
ziua 4 6 24 26 31 11 20 10 24 4 1 30 11 iunie date
minima lunar -5,0 -11,6 -3,0 -0,5 6,5 10,5 15,0 11,8 5,4 -1,2 -5,8 -16,4 -16,4 absolute minimum
ziua 23 28 8 2 15 4 4 31 28 26 17 26 26 decembrie date
1.2.2 TEMPERATURA AERULUI
(maxima absolut i minima absolut lunar i anual)
AIR TEMPERATURE
(monthly and yearly absolute maximum and absolute minimum)
grade Celsius - continuare Celsius degrees - continued
Maxima absolut Minima absolut
Staia anual i data anual i data Meteorological
meteorologic Ianuarie Februarie Martie Aprilie Mai Iunie Iulie August Septembrie Octombrie Noiembrie Decembrie nregistrrii nregistrrii station and
i anii de January February March April May June July August September October November December Yearly absolute Yearly absolute observation
observaie maximum and minimum and years
its date its date

Turnu Mgurele Turnu Mgurele

1901-1990 1901-1990
maxima lunar 18,0 22,6 29,6 34,2 38,8 38,2 43,2 41,4 40,0 36,4 26,0 22,0 43,2 absolute maximum
anul 1983 1903 1951 1985 1950 1957 1987 1952 1946 1952 1990 1903 25 iulie 1987 year
minima lunar -30,0 -26,0 -22,2 -4,6 0,5 5,0 9,0 6,6 -2,5 -5,8 -18,0 -25,0 -30,0 absolute minimum
anul 1942 1950 1929 1923 1938 1911 1974 1981 1977 1988 1975 1933 24 ianuarie 1942 year
2001 2001
maxima lunar 14,6 17,5 26,2 25,0 31,3 38,4 37,3 38,0 33,2 29,0 24,0 10,4 38,4 absolute maximum
ziua 29 7 26 8 30 11 20 10 2 3 9 30 11 iunie date
minima lunar -5,2 -11,7 -3,5 -1,7 4,6 8,5 14,3 9,9 6,5 -2,9 -6,4 -17,5 -17,5 absolute minimum
ziua 26 4 8 3 15 7 19 30 13 26 5 27 27 decembrie date
Bucureti-Filaret Bucureti-Filaret
1901-1990 1901-1990
maxima lunar 16,8 21,0 28,8 34,4 36,6 40,3 40,6 41,1 39,6 35,5 29,4 20,8 41,1 absolute maximum
anul 1983 1990 1947 1934 1950 1918 1916 1945 1946 1952 1926 1903 20 august 1945 year
minima lunar -30,0 -24,2 -13,6 -5,5 -0,2 4,2 8,6 6,6 -1,6 -10,7 -17,8 -26,4 -30,0 absolute minimum
anul 1942 1929 1929 1923 1915 1918 1933 1981 1906 1920 1904 1927 25 ianuarie 1942 year
2001 2001
maxima lunar 17,6 18,1 26,0 24,0 31,6 36,5 36,8 38,1 33,6 31,6 22,0 8,5 38,1 absolute maximum
ziua 29 8 26 21 30 11 17 10 2 4 1 23 10 august date
minima lunar -5,0 -7,9 -0,2 0,0 5,5 8,2 14,5 11,0 6,5 -1,6 -3,8 -12,6 -12,6 absolute minimum
ziua 15 4 9 2 13 5 22 31 29 27 21 18 18 decembrie date
Constana Constana
1901-1990 1901-1990
maxima lunar 18,8 23,3 30,8 31,9 36,5 36,9 38,5 36,8 34,8 31,0 26,5 21,0 38,5 absolute maximum
anul 1988 1990 1952 1985 1969 1982 1927 1902 1987 1928 1990 1903 10 iulie 1927 year
minima lunar -24,7 -25,0 -12,8 -4,5 1,8 6,4 7,6 8,0 1,0 -12,4 -11,7 -21,6 -25,0 absolute minimum
anul 1942 1929 1929 1923 1915 1913 1942 1936;1949 1931 1920 1953 1948 9 februarie 1929 year
2001 2001
maxima lunar 17,6 15,2 27,9 19,7 27,4 28,8 33,6 32,6 30,4 23,7 27,0 8,3 33,6 absolute maximum
ziua 9 9 26 27 28 23 18 12 25 5 1 23 18 iulie date
minima lunar -3,5 -6,0 0,0 2,5 7,4 10,3 18,8 13,2 8,4 3,5 -2,1 -11,0 -11,0 absolute minimum
ziua 22 4 8 4 15 5 4 30 28 25 18 10 10 decembrie date
1.2.3 PRECIPITAII ATMOSFERICE
(cantitatea lunar i anual)
PRECIPITATIONS
(monthly and yearly average quantity)
mm mm
Staia meteorologic Ianuarie Februarie Martie Aprilie Mai Iunie Iulie August Septembrie Octombrie Noiembrie Decembrie Anual Meteorological station
i anii de observaie January February March April May June July August September October November December Yearly and observation years

Satu Mare Satu Mare

1901 - 1990 40,7 35,8 36,3 44,3 63,1 82,4 69,7 64,1 43,7 45,2 47,9 52,1 625,3 1901 - 1990
2001 44,7 34,0 95,8 28,8 19,7 138,1 120,0 67,3 143,8 9,5 35,4 18,0 755,1 2001
Suceava Suceava
1901 - 1990 25,1 25,1 24,3 47,0 74,6 92,9 90,4 68,5 42,5 29,4 34,3 24,6 578,7 1901 - 1990
2001 20,1 17,2 33,3 60,5 29,9 94,1 91,4 73,4 148,4 42,6 63,5 14,2 688,6 2001
Oradea Oradea
1901 - 1990 37,5 32,2 36,7 47,5 66,0 84,3 61,9 56,4 45,1 43,4 48,5 51,0 610,5 1901 - 1990
2001 42,5 20,0 108,2 102,1 17,6 167,1 67,2 59,5 164,9 4,8 43,2 24,7 821,8 2001
Iai Iai
1901 - 1990 30,4 27,2 27,4 44,0 55,8 82,8 68,6 55,3 43,0 31,3 37,4 29,5 532,7 1901 - 1990
2001 20,1 12,3 35,0 54,6 54,2 114,6 40,6 16,2 179,0 30,5 77,9 25,1 660,1 2001
Cluj - Napoca Cluj - Napoca
1901 - 1990 26,6 26,9 25,6 45,9 74,4 90,0 78,9 74,3 40,8 37,0 31,4 29,9 581,7 1901 - 1990
2001 36,2 21,6 59,8 86,9 30,8 108,6 218,4 51,6 134,6 14,2 43,0 13,7 819,4 2001
Trgu Mure Trgu Mure
1901 - 1990 29,7 29,5 26,8 49,6 74,5 89,1 80,0 71,5 42,1 41,7 37,7 31,7 603,9 1901 - 1990
2001 32,2 20,7 37,7 84,4 70,8 102,2 79,6 57,7 127,3 35,9 72,2 19,2 739,9 2001
Bacu Bacu
1901 - 1990 25,9 26,3 25,7 37,3 66,6 85,4 80,8 63,4 46,7 35,6 34,0 29,5 557,2 1901 - 1990
2001 18,4 17,7 35,7 42,7 32,9 121,8 161,0 24,0 105,0 29,1 48,9 25,8 663,0 2001
Timioara Timioara
1901 - 1990 40,2 38,6 37,6 48,1 64,6 81,1 57,7 50,9 42,9 49,5 49,3 48,9 609,4 1901 - 1990
2001 35,4 18,6 58,8 79,6 31,8 130,2 58,6 30,6 146,5 15,4 66,1 14,0 685,6 2001
Deva Deva
1901 - 1990 32,7 30,3 28,6 47,9 64,7 78,6 70,2 59,5 42,2 41,6 37,8 37,8 571,9 1901 - 1990
2001 37,9 20,9 42,0 78,4 39,6 112,3 160,8 37,6 104,5 20,6 63,5 28,4 746,5 2001
Sibiu Sibiu
1901 - 1990 29,2 26,8 30,7 54,7 78,6 107,6 86,3 72,0 53,5 44,4 34,0 28,8 646,6 1901 - 1990
2001 12,9 19,9 24,0 88,4 42,4 149,0 112,2 54,5 151,6 10,8 56,6 6,4 728,7 2001
Vrfu Omu Vrfu Omu
1901 - 1990 75,8 84,0 78,3 88,8 109,9 142,4 136,1 105,8 65,3 60,5 56,8 70,9 1074,6 1901 - 1990
2001 28,1 61,8 33,9 44,0 64,4 193,5 125,6 94,6 139,7 33,4 80,1 38,0 937,1 2001
Galai Galai
1901 - 1990 30,7 26,6 23,6 37,4 49,2 66,3 47,3 40,5 38,7 33,4 34,5 32,3 460,5 1901 - 1990
2001 4,8 22,7 50,7 41,0 40,3 136,8 28,8 12,5 119,4 19,4 30,8 25,9 533,1 2001
Trgu Jiu Trgu Jiu
1901 - 1990 53,9 52,0 46,6 64,3 85,3 93,0 61,9 56,9 51,5 66,3 64,9 62,9 759,5 1901 - 1990
2001 55,5 25,0 58,5 93,8 50,8 143,0 96,6 18,3 91,8 7,7 45,3 9,2 695,5 2001
Buzu Buzu
1901 - 1990 27,3 27,1 22,8 40,5 63,6 79,6 61,2 50,5 37,0 34,7 39,7 33,1 517,1 1901 - 1990
2001 11,1 25,0 49,2 41,6 37,4 69,1 58,2 9,2 111,7 7,6 9,9 13,0 443,0 2001
Calafat Calafat
1901 - 1990 40,0 38,0 38,0 47,9 61,0 65,6 45,6 35,6 38,7 48,9 53,1 48,8 561,2 1901 - 1990
2001 14,5 36,6 49,0 66,1 26,4 111,3 64,5 8,4 71,4 2,2 14,4 12,1 476,9 2001
Turnu Mgurele Turnu Mgurele
1901 - 1990 37,4 32,5 35,0 42,2 56,9 67,1 50,8 38,7 37,3 41,3 46,3 41,3 526,8 1901 - 1990
2001 21,6 41,6 42,5 82,6 43,0 87,7 39,8 17,1 76,4 2,6 26,0 34,4 515,3 2001
Bucureti - Filaret Bucureti - Filaret
1901 - 1990 40,6 34,0 37,4 44,4 68,1 86,0 57,8 51,2 39,1 41,1 48,5 41,1 589,3 1901 - 1990
2001 19,6 66,8 65,1 54,6 31,7 123,6 38,0 16,4 29,4 3,1 53,0 21,2 522,5 2001
Constana Constana
1901 - 1990 29,4 27,1 23,5 27,9 36,0 41,7 33,4 29,5 28,0 33,7 38,4 34,0 382,6 1901 - 1990
2001 5,5 58,5 53,1 48,6 30,1 30,9 2,7 29,6 71,4 2,8 47,3 19,9 400,4 2001
1.3 MEDIUL NCONJURTOR
CUPRINS
Tabele:
Resurse naturale
1.3.1 Fondul funciar, dup modul de folosin
1.3.2 Ariile protejate, n 2001 .......................
1.3.3 Rezervaii ale biosferei, n 2001 ..........
1.3.4 Parcurile naionale i naturale, n 2001
1.3.5 Resursele de ap asigurate, potrivit
gradului de amenajare, n 2001 ..........
Calitatea factorilor de mediu
1.3.6 Calitatea apelor de suprafa, n 2001
1.3.7 Defolierea arborilor la principalele
specii i la toate vrstele, pe clase de
defoliere, n 2001 ................................
1.3.8 Localiti n care s-au nregistrat
depiri de concentraii maxime
admisibile ale substanelor poluante
n aer, n 2001 ....................................
1.3.9 Repartizarea terenurilor agricole
pe clase de pretabilitate,
la 31 decembrie 2001 .........................
1.3.10 Suprafaa terenurilor agricole afectate
de diveri factori limitativi ai capacitii
productive, n 2001 .............................
Msuri de protecie
1.3.11 Investiii de protecia mediului, pe
categorii de productori i grupe
de activiti specifice, n 2001 ............
Sursa datelor
Rapoarte statistice completate de inspectoratele
judeene de protecia mediului, pentru datele privind
calitatea aerului n unele localiti i rapoartele
statistice ale anchetei anuale privind cheltuielile de
protecia mediului, completate de agenii economici i
de unitile administraiei publice locale.
Surse administrative:
- Oficiul Naional de Cadastru, Geodezie i Cartografie,
pentru datele privind fondul funciar;
- Ministerul Apelor i Proteciei Mediului, pentru datele
privind ariile protejate;
- Regia Naional a Pdurilor, pentru datele privind
defolierea arborilor;
- Compania Naional "Apele Romne", pentru datele
privind resursele de ap i calitatea apelor de
suprafa;
- Institutul de Cercetri pentru Pedologie i Agrochimie
Bucureti, pentru datele privind calitatea solului.
Precizri metodologice
Fondul funciar cuprinde totalitatea terenurilor
indiferent de destinaie, de titlul pe baza cruia sunt
deinute sau de domeniul public sau privat din care fac
parte.
Resursele de ap reprezint potenialul hidrologic
format din apele de suprafa i subterane n regim
natural i amenajat, inventariate la nceputul anului,
din care se asigur alimentarea diverselor folosine.
ENVIRONMENT
CONTENTS
Tables:
Natural resources
Total land fund, by use
Protected areas, in 2001
Biosphere reservations, in 2001
National and natural parks, in 2001
Water resources assured, according to the
arrangement level, in 2001
Environmental factors quality
Superficial water quality, in 2001
Trees defoliation, by defoliation
classes, for the main species
and all ages, in 2001
Localities which recorded
exceeds of the maximum
admitted air concentration
of pollutants, in 2001
Distribution of agricultural
land by suitability classes, on
December 31, 2001
Agricultural land area affected by
various factors restraining the
productive capacity, in 2001
Protection measures
Investments in environmental protection,
by category of producers and by group
of specific activities, in 2001
Data source
Statistical reports filled in by county inspectorates of
environmental protection for data on air quality in some
localities and statistical reports of yearly survey on the
expenditure for environmental protection, completed by
economic units and by public and local administration
units.
Administrative sources:
- National Office of Cadastre, Geodesy and Cartography
for data concerning the land fund;
- The Ministry of Waters and Environmental Protection,
for data concerning the protected areas;
- Forests National Body, for data on trees defoliation;
- Romanian Waters National Company, for data concerning
the water resources and the superficial water quality;
- The Institute for Pedological and Agrochemical
Researches Bucharest, for data concerning the quality
of soil.
Methodological notes
Land fund includes all lands no matter of destination,
title based on which they are owned or public or private
sector to which they belong.
Water resources represent the hydrological potential
consisting of the superficial and underground waters,
under natural and arranged conditions, enlisted at
the beginning of the year, from which the utilities
are fed.
 Ariile protejate reprezint zone n care s-a pus la
punct o serie de instrumente de gestionare care s
rspund cerinelor de supraveghere, protecie i
asigurare a valorii ecologice a spaiului natural i
cuprind:
- rezervaii ale biosferei - zone destinate
conservrii diversitii i integritii comunitilor biotice
animale i vegetale n ecosistemele naturale i pentru
protejarea diversitii genetice a speciilor de care
depinde evoluia viitoare. Acestea cuprind exemple
reprezentative de biomuri naturale, comuniti unice
avnd caracteristici naturale de interes deosebit;
- parcuri naionale - zone naturale, de
importan naional sau internaional, protejate
mpotriva interveniilor sau instalrii oamenilor i unde
speciile de faun i flor constituie subiect de mare
interes tiinific , educativ , recreativ sau estetic, n
care exploatarea resurselor naturale
prohibitiv;
- parcuri naturale - ariile naturale protejate, al
cror scop este protecia i conservarea unor
ansambluri peisagistice n care interaciunea activitilor
umane cu natura, de-a lungul timpului, a creat o zon
distinct, cu valoare semnificativ peisagistic i
cultural, deseori cu o mare diversitate biologic;
- rezervaii tiinifice - zone rezervate protejrii
naturii i meninerii proceselor naturale, pentru a avea
exemplare ale mediului natural reprezentative ecologic,
disponibile pentru studii tiinifice;
- rezervaii naturale - zone n care se asigur
condiiile naturale necesare protejrii speciilor
semnificative la nivel naional, comunitilor biotice sau
caracteristicilor fizice de mediu;
- monumente ale naturii - zone protejate i
prezervate datorit elementelor naturale semnificative
pe care le conin prin rariti sau caracteristici unice.
Poluarea atmosferic const n modificarea
compoziiei chimice a aerului datorat, n principal,
proceselor industriale, producerii energiei electrice i
termice i circulaiei vehiculelor. Una din caracteristicile
polurii aerului n mediul urban const n faptul c
poate varia considerabil nu numai de la o localitate la
alta, dar i n interiorul aceleiai zone urbane.
Substanele poluante reprezint acele substane
rezultate n urma desfurrii activitilor economice sau
de trafic rutier, emise n atmosfer, care, datorit
caracterului lor nociv, pot nruti calitatea aerului.
Concentraiile efective de substane poluante n
aer i mediile anuale ale acestora sunt stabilite pe
baza normelor cuprinse n STAS 12574-87 i a
msurtorilor sistematice efectuate de inspectoratele
judeene pentru protecia mediului. Ele se exprim prin
valoarea concentraiei maxime, care se nregistreaz
la cel mai mic nivel (minima) i la cel mai mare nivel
(maxima), la toate punctele de supraveghere dintr-o
localitate.
Concentraia medie anual se calculeaz ca medie
aritmetic a concentraiilor medii zilnice, iar variaia
acesteia se exprim prin valoarea nregistrat la cel
mai mic nivel (minim) i la cel mai mare nivel
(maxim) la toate punctele de supraveghere dintr-o
localitate.
Frecvena depirii concentraiei maxime
admisibile reprezint raportul dintre numrul valorilor
medii zilnice situate peste valoarea concentraiei
maxime admisibile (conform STAS 12574-87) i
numrul total de valori medii zilnice calculate ntr-un
an, exprimat n procente.
A fost selectat un numr de 63 localiti n care s-au
nregistrat depiri ale concentraiei maxime
admisibile, msurate n 183 de puncte de
supraveghere, aparinnd reelei naionale de
observare.
Protected areas represent zones where a lot of
management instruments has been set up in order to
meet certain supervision and protection requirements
and to assure the ecological value of the natural space
and include:
- reservations of biosphere - areas intended
to preserve the diversity and integrity of animal and
vegetable biotic communities in natural ecosystems
and to protect genetic diversity of species on which
future evolution depends. They include representative
examples of natural biomes, unique communities
having natural features of special interest;
- national parks - natural areas, of national or
international importance, protected against human
interventions or settlements, where fauna and flora
species represent scientific, educative, recreative or
aesthetic subjects of interest, where exploitation of
este natural resources is forbidden;
- natural parks - natural protected areas,
whose purpose is the protection and preservation of
landscape, where the maintenance of human units
with nature, in time, has created a disting zone of
significant landscape and cultural value, offen of great
biological variety;
- scientific reservations - areas intended for
protecting nature and preserving natural processes in
order to have natural exemplaries, ecologically
representative and available for scientific studies;
- natural reservations - areas where natural
conditions necessary to protect significant species at
national level, biotic communities or environmental
physical conditions are ensured;
- natural monuments - protected and
preserved areas due to significant natural elements,
rarities or unique features.
Air pollution consists of changing the chemical
composition of the air, mainly due to industrial
processes, to electric and thermal energy production
and to vehicles traffic. One of air pollution
characteristics in urban area is that it considerably
varies, not only from one locality to another, but also
inside the same urban area.
Pollutants represent those substances resulting from
the economic activity or road traffic, emitted in the air
and which, because of their noxious character, can
worsen the air quality.
Effective concentration of pollutants for air and their
yearly averages are set up based on the norms
comprised by STAS 12574-87 and systematic
measurements carried out by county inspectorates for
environment protection. They are expressed by the
value of maximum concentration recorded at the lowest
level (minimum) and the highest level (maximum) for all
observation points from one locality.
Yearly average concentration is calculated as a
mean of daily average concentrations and its change is
expressed by the value recorded at lowest (minimum)
level and at highest (maximum) level at all observation
points within one locality.
The frequency of exceeding the maximum admitted
concentration represents the ratio between the number
of daily average values situated above the value of
maximum admitted concentration (according to STAS
12574-87) and total number of daily average values
calculated during one year expressed in percentages.
63 localities were selected here being registered
outruning of maximum admissible concentration
measured in 183 supervision points, belonging to the
national network of observation.
 Evaluarea calitii apelor de suprafa const n
msurarea parametrilor fizico-chimici, biologici
bacteriologici stabilindu-se pn la ce nivel sunt
respectate normele standard. n fiecare punct de
msurare, apa este analizat dup coninutul n materii
organice, toxice i n diveri germeni. Potrivit
standardului, se disting 4 categorii de calitate: I, II, III i
apa care depete limitele categoriei III, avnd la
baz domeniul de utilizare, astfel:
- categoria de calitate I reprezint apa utilizat
la alimentarea centralizat cu ap potabil,
alimentarea centralizat a unitilor de cretere a
animalelor, alimentarea centralizat a unitilor din
industria alimentar, precum i alte activiti ce
necesit ap de calitatea celei potabile;
- categoria de calitate II reprezint apa
utilizat pentru reproducerea i dezvoltarea fondului
piscicol natural din apele de es, precum i
alimentarea cu ap a amenajrilor piscicole, a unor
procese tehnologice industriale, precum i a altor
activiti care necesit ap de categoria de calitate II;
- categoria de calitate III reprezint apa
utilizat pentru alimentarea sistemelor de irigaii, a
hidrocentralelor, a instalaiilor pentru rcirea
agregatelor, alimentarea staiilor de splare, precum
i a unitilor cu alte activiti care necesit ap de
categoria de calitate III;
- apa care depete limitele categoriei III
este inapt pentru o mare parte din folosine i
constituie o ameninare pentru sntatea public i
mediul natural.
Evaluarea calitii solurilor agricole const n
identificarea i caracterizarea factorilor care limiteaz
capacitatea productiv a acestora.
Clasa de pretabilitate reprezint aptitudinea terenului
pentru o anumit folosin agricol.
ncadrarea terenurilor ntr-una din cele 5 clase de
pretabilitate se face n funcie de potenialul productiv
al acestora:
- clasa I: foarte bun;
- clasa II: bun;
- clasa III: mijlocie;
- clasa IV: slab;
- clasa V: foarte slab;
Starea de sntate a pdurilor este influenat de
poluarea aerului, de insecte, boli, incendii, intemperii i
alte agresiuni climatice.
Datele privind starea pdurilor provin din sondajele
efectuate de ctre Regia Naional a Pdurilor prin
reeaua naional de monitoring a pdurilor (4x4 km),
efectundu-se 4355 sondaje permanente fiind
inventariai selectiv 110004 arbori, din care 27909 la
specia rinoase i 82095 la specia foioase.
Unul din indicatorii care exprim nivelul de deteriorare
al arborilor este gradul de defoliere a coroanei
copacilor.
Defolierea este evaluat prin proporia frunzelor czute
n raport cu normele stabilite i se detaliaz n 5 clase:
- clasa 0: 0-10%= neafectat;
- clasa 1: 11-25% = uor;
- clasa 2: 26-60% = mediu;
- clasa 3: 61-99% = sever;
- clasa 4: 100% = uscat.
Cheltuielile pentru protecia mediului includ
cheltuielile efectuate pentru desfurarea activitilor
de supraveghere i protecie a mediului, i care se
refer la prevenirea sau repararea pagubelor aduse
acestuia.
The evaluation of the superficial waters quality is
i carried out by measuring the physico-chemical, biological
and bacteriological parameters, setting up the extent to
which standard norms are observed. In each measuring
point, the water is analysed by its content in organic,
noxious matters and in different embryos. According to
the standard, 4 quality categories are distinguished:
I,II,III and the water which oversteps the third category
limits, having as basis the use, field as follows:
- the first quality category represents the
water used for centralized drinking water supply,
centralized water supply of animal breeding units,
centralized water supply for the food industry units, as
well as other activities which need drinking quality water;
- the second quality category represents the
water used for reproducing and developing natural
piscicultural fund from the plain waters, as well as the
water supply of the piscicultural arrangements, of
industrial technological processes as well as other
activities which need the second category water quality;
- the third quality category represents the
water used for the irrigation systems supply, the hydro-
power stations, the installations for the cooling
aggregates, the washing stations supply, as well as
other activities which need the third category quality
water;
- the water which exceeds the third
category limits represents the water unable to be
used for a wide range of purposes and which is a threat
for the public health and for the environment.
The evaluation of agricultural soil quality consists
in identifying and characterizing the factors which
restrain the soil production capacity.
The suitability class represents the soil suitability for a
certain agricultural use.
The soil is included in one of the 5 suitability classes
according to their productive potential:
- I class: very good;
- II class: good;
- III class: medium;
- IV class: weak;
- V class: very weak;
Forests health is influenced by air pollution, insects,
diseases, fires, bad weather and other climatic
damages.
Data on forests state come from sampling surveys
carried out by Forests National Body through the
forests monitoring network (4x4 Km) being carried out
4355 permanents samplings, being selectively
inventaried 110004 trees of which 27909 resinous and
82095 broad - leaved species.
One of the indicators expressing the trees deterioration
level is the defoliation degree of trees wreath.
The defoliation is evaluated by the ratio of leaves fallen,
according to the set up norms and is divided into 5
classes:
- 0 class: 0-10% = unaffected;
- 1 class: 11-25% = slight;
- 2 class: 26-60% = medium;
- 3 class: 61-99% = severe;
- 4 class: 100% = dry.
The environment protection expenditure include
all the expenditure for carrying out the activities of
environment observation and protection and refer to
environment damages prevention or repair.
 Investiiile de protecia mediului includ bunurile de
capital tangibile noi sau existente cumprate de la teri
sau produse pentru utilizri proprii, avnd o durat de
funcionare mai mare de un an, cu scopul de protecie
a mediului. Acestea includ i bunuri tangibile
neproduse cum ar fi terenurile. Se includ adugrile,
renovrile i mbuntirile care prelungesc durata de
via sau cresc capacitatea echipamentelor. De
asemenea, se includ bunuri i servicii ncorporate
terenurilor, servicii legate de transferul de proprietate
asupra terenurilor, a construciilor existente, a altor
active ncorporabile.
Categoriile de productori de servicii pentru
protecia mediului sunt:
- productorii nespecializai sunt acele uniti
care execut o activitate de protecia mediului ca
activitate secundar sau auxiliar la o activitate
principal. Activitatea principal nu este una de
protecia mediului. Aceste uniti se regsesc n sectorul
producie (CAEN 10-45, exclusiv diviziunile: 37, 41);
- productorii specializai sunt acei
productori care execut o activitate de protecie a
mediului ca activitate principal definit n CAEN. Ei
figureaz, n principal, n clasa CAEN 9000 (asanarea
i ndeprtarea gunoaielor; salubritate i activiti
similare), n diviziunea CAEN 37 (recuperarea
deeurilor i resturilor de materiale reciclabile), n
clasa CAEN 5157 (comer cu ridicata al deeurilor i
resturilor) i n diviziunea CAEN 41 (gospodrirea
resurselor de ap, captarea i distribuia apei);
- administraia public local cuprinde toate
unitile administraiei publice ale cror competene
privesc numai forma administrativ-teritorial pentru
care au fost constituite.
Activitile caracteristice proteciei mediului
corespund, pe de o parte, unui sistem omogen,
independent, de gestiune, iar pe de alta, unui tip
omogen de elemente componente ale mediului natural
i sunt grupate astfel:
- prevenirea i reducerea polurii (protecia
calitii aerului, protecia calitii apelor, gospodrirea
deeurilor, protecia calitii solului i a apelor
subterane, reducerea zgomotelor i a vibraiilor);
- protecia resurselor naturale
conservarea biodiversitii (protecia speciilor, arii
protejate, remediere i reconstrucie ecologic,
refacerea mediului acvatic, prevenirea fenomenelor
naturale periculoase);
- alte activiti (cercetare-dezvoltare,
administrare general a mediului, protecia mpotriva
radiaiilor, educaie, instruire, informare).
Investments for environmental protection include
new or existent tangible goods bought from third parties
or products for own use having a functioning duration
higher than one year for environmental protection
purpose. They also include reproduced tangible goods
such as lands. There are also included annexes,
renovations and unimprovements prolonging the living
duration or increasing the equipment capacity. At the
same time goods and services are included being
incorporated in the lands as well as services related to
ownership transfer on lands, existent construction,
other incorporated assetes.
Categories of producers of services for
environmental protection are:
- non-specialised producers are those units
carrying out an activity of environmental protection as
their secondary or auxiliary activity. Their main activity
is not the environmental protection. These units are
found in the sector of production (CANE 10-45,
excluding 37, 41 divisions);
- specialised producers are those producers
carrying out an activity of environmental protection as
their main activity defined in CANE. They mainly apper
in CANE class 9000 (garbage reclamation and
removing, sanitation and similar), in CANE division 37
(recovery of waste and remains of recycled materials),
in CANE class 5157 (wholesale of waste and remains)
and in CANE division 41 (administration of water
resources, water collection and distribution);
- local public administration comprise all
units of public administration whose competences
regard only territorial-administrative type for which they
have been created.
Characteristic activities of environmental
protection correspond, on the one side, to a
homogeneous system, irrespective, of management
and, on the other side, to a homogeneous type of
environment component elements grouped as follows:
- pollution prevention and fall (air quality
protection, water quality protection, waste
management, soil and underground waters quality
protection, lower noises and vibrations);
i - natural resources protection and
biodiversity preservation (species protection,
protected areas, ecologic remedy and reconstruction,
aquatic environment restoration, prevention of
dangerous natural phenomena);
- other activities (research-development,
environmental general administration, protection
against radiations, education, training, information).
1.3.1 FONDUL FUNCIAR DUP MODUL DE FOLOSIN (la sfritul anului)
TOTAL LAND FUND BY USE (end of year)

mii hectare / thou hectares

1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001

Suprafaa total a fondului funciar 23839,1 23839,1 23839,1 23839,1 23839,1 23839,1 23839,1 23839,1 23839,1 23839,1 23839,1 23839,1
Total area of the land fund

Suprafaa agricol 14769,0 14798,3 14790,1 14793,1 14797,5 14797,2 14788,7 14794,0 14801,7 14730,7 14856,8 14852,3
Agricultural area

din care: / of which:

Arabil 9450,4 9423,5 9356,9 9341,5 9338,0 9337,1 9338,9 9341,4 9350,8 9358,1 9381,1 9401,5
Arable

Puni 3262,5 3309,8 3349,2 3362,6 3378,4 3392,4 3391,7 3409,8 3402,7 3322,8 3441,7 3421,4
Pastures

Fnee 1465,3 1467,9 1480,6 1489,3 1493,7 1497,7 1498,5 1490,8 1503,4 1512,0 1507,1 1510,0
Hayfields

Vii i pepiniere viticole 277,4 285,8 298,6 303,9 298,4 292,4 289,0 286,3 281,8 281,1 272,3 267,4
Vineyards and nurseries

Livezi i pepiniere pomicole 313,4 311,3 304,8 295,8 289,0 277,6 270,6 265,7 263,0 256,7 254,6 252,0
Orchards and nurseries

Pduri i alte terenuri cu 6685,4 6680,1 6681,8 6681,1 6680,2 6680,1 6690,3 6688,5 6672,3 6790,6 6457,31) 6605,7
vegetaie forestier
Forests and other forest
vegetation lands

din care: / of which:

Pduri 6252,3 6253,4 6253,5 6249,2 6245,8 6244,7 6240,2 6236,6 6227,4 6225,8 6223,1 6366,7
Forests

Construcii 622,3 624,2 630,5 627,9 629,6 627,2 626,3 626,2 630,5 627,4 632,9 628,3
Construction

Drumuri i ci ferate 388,9 390,9 393,4 394,0 392,5 396,2 397,0 397,2 395,7 388,4 388,2 390,0
Roads and railways

Ape i bli 903,6 893,4 892,8 892,6 888,3 889,8 886,9 886,0 880,4 879,3 867,8 868,4
Waters and ponds

Alte suprafee 469,9 452,2 450,5 450,4 451,0 448,6 449,9 447,2 458,5 422,7 636,1 494,4
Other areas

1)
Din fondul forestier naional (nu include toat vegetaia forestier din afara fondului forestier).
1)
Of national forest fund (does not include all forest vegetation outside forest fund).
1.3.2 ARIILE PROTEJATE, N 2001
PROTECTED AREAS, IN 2001

Numr Suprafaa (ha)

Number Area (ha)

Rezervaii tiinifice 53 101207 Scientific reservations

Parcuri naionale 11 300544 National parks

Monumente ale naturii 231 2177 Natural monuments

Rezervaii naturale 543 128265 Natural reservations

Parcuri naturale 5 251632 Natural parks

Rezervaii ale biosferei 3 664446 Biosphere reservations

1.3.3 REZERVAII ALE BIOSFEREI, IN 2001
BIOSPHERE RESERVATIONS, IN 2001

Denumirea rezervaiei Judeul Suprafaa (ha)

Name of reservation County Area (ha)

Total 664446

Delta Dunrii / Danube Delta Tulcea, Constana 580000

Retezat Hunedoara 38047
Rodna Maramure, Bistria-Nsud, Suceava 46399
1.3.4 PARCURILE NAIONALE I NATURALE, N 2001
NATIONAL AND NATURAL PARKS, IN 2001

Denumirea parcului Judeul Suprafaa (ha)

Name of park County Area (ha)

Parcuri naionale / National parks - total 300544

Retezat Hunedoara 38047
Rodna Bistria-Nsud, Maramure, Suceava 46399
Domogled-Valea Cernei Cara-Severin, Mehedini, Gorj 60100
Cheile Nerei-Beunia Cara-Severin 37100
Semenic-Cheile Caraului Cara-Severin 36665
Ceahlu Neam 8396
Cozia Vlcea 17100
Climani Bistria-Nsud, Mure, Suceava 24041
Piatra Craiului Arge, Braov 14800
Cheile Bicazului-Hma Harghita, Neam 6575
Munii Mcinului Tulcea 11321

Parcuri naturale / Natural parks - total 251632

Grditea Muncelului-Cioclovina Hunedoara 10000
Porile de Fier Cara-Severin, Mehedini 115656
Munii Apuseni Alba, Bihor, Cluj 75784
Balta Mic a Brilei Brila 17529
Bucegi Arge, Braov, Dmbovia, Prahova 32663
1.3.5 RESURSELE DE AP ASIGURATE POTRIVIT
GRADULUI DE AMENAJARE, N 2001
WATER RESOURCES ASSURED ACCORDING
TO THE ARRANGEMENT LEVEL, IN 2001

Surse de ap / Water sources milioane m3 / an

Bazine hidrografice / Hydrographic basins million m 3 / year

Total 39836
Ape de suprafa / Superficial waters 34004
Ruri interioare / Inland rivers 14004
Tisa 250
Some 721
Criuri 397
Mure 1232
Spaiul Banat 1) 608
Jiu 2109
Olt 1682
Vedea 40
Arge 1671
Ialomia 430
Siret 1955
Prut 726
Alte bazine 2) / Other basins 2) 2183
Dunrea / The Danube 20000
Ape subterane / Underground waters 5832

1)
Spaiul Banat / Banat Space = Bega, Cara, Brzava, Timi, Cerna, Nera.
2)
Alte bazine / Other basins = Clmui - Olt, Clmui - Buzu.
1.3.6 CALITATEA APELOR DE SUPRAFA, N 2001
SUPERFICIAL WATER QUALITY, IN 2001

km
Total lungimi din care: / of which:
pe ruri
Bazine hidrografice Peste limitele
supravegheate Categoria I Categoria II Categoria III
Hydrographic basins categoriei III
Total length of The first The second The third
Above the third
monitored category category category
category's limits
rivers

Total 22031 14979 4117 1401 1534

Tisa 467 410 - 21 36

Some 1681 1291 331 - 59
Criuri 1093 995 23 34 41
Mure-Aranca 2434 1483 686 59 206
Spaiul Banat 1) 1377 1294 83 - -
Jiu 944 866 78 - -
Olt 2335 1430 523 271 111
Vedea 875 670 57 55 93
Arge 2344 2011 278 24 31
Ialomia 2) 1327 415 246 401 265
Siret 4135 2551 1006 234 344
Prut 1588 757 181 302 348
Dunrea / The Danube 1073 646 427 - -
Litoral / Seaside 358 160 198 - -

1)
Spaiul Banat / Banat Space = Bega, Cara, Brzava, Timi, Cerna, Nera.
2)
Inclusiv rul Clmui. / Including Clmui river.
1.3.7 DEFOLIEREA ARBORILOR LA PRINCIPALELE SPECII I LA TOATE
VRSTELE, PE CLASE DE DEFOLIERE, N 2001
TREES DEFOLIATION, BY DEFOLIATION CLASSES, FOR
THE MAIN SPECIES AND ALL AGES, IN 2001

Suprafaa Clasa de defoliere

pdurilor Defoliation class
(mii ha) (%)
Forests area neafectat uor mediu sever uscat
(thou hectares) unaffected slight medium severe dry

Total ar 6225 62,5 24,2 12,0 0,9 0,4

Total country

- rinoase 1853 69,6 20,8 8,6 0,6 0,4

coniferous

- foioase 4372 59,9 25,4 13,2 1,0 0,5

broad-leaved
1.3.8 LOCALITI N CARE S-AU NREGISTRAT DEPIRI DE CONCENTRAII
MAXIME ADMISIBILE ALE SUBSTANELOR POLUANTE N AER, N 2001
LOCALITIES WHICH RECORDED EXCEEDS OF THE MAXIMUM
ADMITTED AIR CONCENTRATION OF POLLUTANTS, IN 2001
Frecvena depirii
Variaia / Change in
Denumirea judeului, concentraiei
localitii i a substanei Concentraiei Concentraiei maxime admisibile
U.M.
poluante maxime efective medii anuale Frequency of exceeding
M.U .
Name of county, locality Effective maximum Yearly average the maximum admitted
and pollutants concentration concentration concentration
min. max. min. max. (%)

ALBA
Ora Ocna Mure
Pulberi sedimentabile g / m2 23,20 25,10 18,40 19,60 91,67
Deposited powder
Ora Zlatna
Pulberi n suspensie mg / m3 - 0,23 - 0,16 66,00
Suspended powder
Plumb i compui microgr / m3 - 1,10 - 0,50 30,40
Lead and lead compounds
Pulberi sedimentabile g / m2 12,40 25,60 10,10 20,00 55,00
Deposited powder

ARAD
Municipiul Arad
Pulberi n suspensie mg / m3 - 0,26 - 0,14 59,07
Suspended powder

ARGE
Municipiul Cmpulung
Pulberi sedimentabile g / m2 32,70 35,00 17,36 24,03 68,42
Deposited powder

BISTRIA-NSUD
Municipiul Bistria
Pulberi n suspensie mg / m3 0,33 1,16 0,12 0,24 41,17
Suspended powder

BRAOV
Municipiul Braov
Pulberi n suspensie mg / m3 - 0,37 - 0,14 29,13
Suspended powder
Pulberi sedimentabile g / m2 - 228,15 - 45,92 75,00
Deposited powder
Cuciulata
Pulberi sedimentabile g / m2 21,66 38,99 12,34 17,74 25,71
Deposited powder
Ruor
Pulberi sedimentabile g / m2 - 18,77 - 14,33 33,33
Deposited powder

BRILA
Chicani
Pulberi sedimentabile g / m2 - 19,20 - 6,27 8,30
Deposited powder

BUZU
Rmnicu Srat
Pulberi sedimentabile g / m2 8,11 20,87 3,80 7,93 5,60
Deposited powder

CARA-SEVERIN
Municipiul Reia
Pulberi n suspensie mg / m3 - 0,35 - 0,16 19,63
Suspended powder
Constantin Daicoviciu
Pulberi sedimentabile g / m2 - 22,35 - 16,25 58,33
Deposited powder
1.3.8 LOCALITI N CARE S-AU NREGISTRAT DEPIRI DE CONCENTRAII
MAXIME ADMISIBILE ALE SUBSTANELOR POLUANTE N AER, N 2001
LOCALITIES WHICH RECORDED EXCEEDS OF THE MAXIMUM
ADMITTED AIR CONCENTRATION OF POLLUTANTS, IN 2001
continuare / continued
Frecvena depirii
Variaia / Change in
Denumirea judeului, concentraiei
localitii i a substanei Concentraiei Concentraiei maxime admisibile
U.M.
poluante maxime efective medii anuale Frequency of exceeding
M.U .
Name of county, locality Effective maximum Yearly average the maximum admitted
and pollutants concentration concentration concentration
min. max. min. max. (%)

CLRAI
Municipiul Clrai
Pulberi sedimentabile g / m2 - 33,00 - 16,71 33,33
Deposited powder

CLUJ
Municipiul Turda
Pulberi sedimentabile g / m2 10,86 73,82 3,20 39,32 41,60
Deposited powder
Aghireu
Pulberi sedimentabile g / m2 - 55,09 - 20,58 41,00
Deposited powder

CONSTANA
Municipiul Constana
Pulberi sedimentabile g / m2 - 647,00 - 167,16 100,00
Deposited powder
Municipiul Medgidia
Pulberi sedimentabile g / m2 - 26,20 - 13,81 20,00
Deposited powder

DMBOVIA
Municipiul Trgovite
Pulberi n suspensie mg / m3 - 0,33 - 0,15 41,09
Suspended powder
Ora Fieni
Pulberi sedimentabile g / m2 10,41 36,82 6,66 26,22 37,50
Deposited powder

DOLJ
Ialnia
Pulberi sedimentabile g / m2 17,25 25,11 14,87 19,82 33,30
Deposited powder

GALAI
Municipiul Galai
Pulberi sedimentabile g / m2 4,70 83,24 4,01 19,17 25,47
Deposited powder

GORJ
Ora Rovinari
Pulberi sedimentabile g / m2 12,24 154,95 8,96 75,80 67,30
Deposited powder
Ora Motru
Pulberi sedimentabile g / m2 24,78 176,12 17,03 97,19 92,00
Deposited powder
Frceti
Pulberi sedimentabile g / m2 - 83,31 - 35,58 100,00
Deposited powder
Mtsari
Pulberi sedimentabile g / m2 - 27,64 - 20,92 91,70
Deposited powder
1.3.8 LOCALITI N CARE S-AU NREGISTRAT DEPIRI DE CONCENTRAII
MAXIME ADMISIBILE ALE SUBSTANELOR POLUANTE N AER, N 2001
LOCALITIES WHICH RECORDED EXCEEDS OF THE MAXIMUM
ADMITTED AIR CONCENTRATION OF POLLUTANTS, IN 2001
continuare / continued
Frecvena depirii
Variaia / Change in
Denumirea judeului, concentraiei
localitii i a substanei Concentraiei Concentraiei maxime admisibile
U.M.
poluante maxime efective medii anuale Frequency of exceeding
M.U .
Name of county, locality Effective maximum Yearly average the maximum admitted
and pollutants concentration concentration concentration
min. max. min. max. (%)

HARGHITA
Ora Gheorgheni
Pulberi sedimentabile g / m2 9,82 57,60 5,06 22,32 29,00
Deposited powder
Volbeni
Pulberi sedimentabile g / m2 - 39,64 - 23,33 83,34
Deposited powder
Ora Vlhia
Pulberi sedimentabile g / m2 - 56,00 - 22,63 50,00
Deposited powder
Chileni
Pulberi sedimentabile g / m2 - 53,42 - 24,99 54,54
Deposited powder

HUNEDOARA
Municipiul Hunedoara
Pulberi sedimentabile g / m2 11,95 39,71 9,31 10,73 12,69
Deposited powder
oimu
Pulberi sedimentabile g / m2 12,99 117,99 5,53 16,58 35,46
Deposited powder

IAI
Municipiul Iai
Pulberi sedimentabile g / m2 7,74 105,15 4,28 61,53 34,28
Deposited powder
Pacani
Pulberi sedimentabile g / m2 - 23,62 - 15,02 40,00
Deposited powder

MARAMURE
Municipiul Baia Mare
Cadmiu microgr / m3 - 0,20 - 0,03 49,00
Cadmium
Plumb i compui microgr / m3 - 23,07 - 4,19 81,00
Lead and lead compounds

NEAM
Municipiul Piatra Neam
Pulberi sedimentabile g / m2 - 30,93 - 15,57 41,66
Deposited powder
Municipiul Roman
Pulberi n suspensie mg / m3 - 1,42 - 0,28 79,50
Suspended powder

OLT
Ora Piatra Olt
Pulberi sedimentabile g / m2 - 23,77 - 9,96 27,27
Deposited powder

PRAHOVA
Municipiul Ploieti
Sulfai n suspensie microgr / m3 0,18 0,30 0,12 0,17 24,61
Suspended sulphates
1.3.8 LOCALITI N CARE S-AU NREGISTRAT DEPIRI DE CONCENTRAII
MAXIME ADMISIBILE ALE SUBSTANELOR POLUANTE N AER, N 2001
LOCALITIES WHICH RECORDED EXCEEDS OF THE MAXIMUM
ADMITTED AIR CONCENTRATION OF POLLUTANTS, IN 2001
continuare / continued
Frecvena depirii
Variaia / Change in
Denumirea judeului, concentraiei
localitii i a substanei Concentraiei Concentraiei maxime admisibile
U.M.
poluante maxime efective medii anuale Frequency of exceeding
M.U .
Name of county, locality Effective maximum Yearly average the maximum admitted
and pollutants concentration concentration concentration
min. max. min. max. (%)

SATU MARE
Municipiul Carei
Amoniac mg / m3 - 0,29 - 0,15 15,31
Ammonia

SLAJ
Municipiul Zalu
Pulberi sedimentabile g / m2 6,40 18,30 3,10 16,30 33,30
Deposited powder

SIBIU
Municipiul Media
Cadmiu microgr / m3 0,30 0,44 0,02 0,03 40,66
Cadmium
Plumb i compui microgr / m3 5,34 7,18 0,56 0,66 23,74
Lead and lead compounds
Ora Copa Mic
Cadmiu microgr / m3 0,38 1,22 0,03 0,07 82,19
Cadmium
Plumb i compui microgr / m3 4,62 46,31 0,64 2,01 68,77
Lead and lead compounds
Micsasa
Cadmiu microgr / m3 - 0,98 - 0,10 90,00
Cadmium
Plumb i compui microgr / m3 - 45,68 - 3,35 76,94
Lead and lead compounds

SUCEAVA
Municipiul Suceava
Metil mercaptan microgr / m3 - 7,12 - 0,50 52,60
Methanethiol

TIMI
Municipiul Timioara
Pulberi sedimentabile g / m2 16,85 25,74 6,48 17,26 24,80
Deposited powder
Municipiul Lugoj
Pulberi sedimentabile g / m2 7,61 30,04 7,40 22,76 40,00
Deposited powder
Ora Snnicolau Mare
Pulberi sedimentabile g / m2 - 29,82 - 11,76 25,00
Deposited powder
Ora Jimbolia
Pulberi sedimentabile g / m2 - 25,18 - 11,20 20,00
Deposited powder
Banloc
Pulberi sedimentabile g / m2 - 29,83 - 11,54 25,00
Deposited powder
Moravia
Pulberi sedimentabile g / m2 - 30,64 - 14,32 33,30
Deposited powder
Utvin
Pulberi sedimentabile g / m2 - 30,68 - 14,18 25,00
Deposited powder
1.3.8 LOCALITI N CARE S-AU NREGISTRAT DEPIRI DE CONCENTRAII
MAXIME ADMISIBILE ALE SUBSTANELOR POLUANTE N AER, N 2001
LOCALITIES WHICH RECORDED EXCEEDS OF THE MAXIMUM
ADMITTED AIR CONCENTRATION OF POLLUTANTS, IN 2001
continuare / continued
Frecvena depirii
Variaia / Change in
Denumirea judeului, concentraiei
localitii i a substanei Concentraiei Concentraiei maxime admisibile
U.M.
poluante maxime efective medii anuale Frequency of exceeding
M.U .
Name of county, locality Effective maximum Yearly average the maximum admitted
and pollutants concentration concentration concentration
min. max. min. max. (%)

Sag
Pulberi sedimentabile g / m2 - 26,40 - 18,13 44,40
Deposited powder
Pdureni
Pulberi sedimentabile g / m2 - 24,33 - 13,81 33,30
Deposited powder
Birda
Pulberi sedimentabile g / m2 - 22,35 - 13,76 36,30
Deposited powder

TULCEA
Municipiul Tulcea
Pulberi sedimentabile g / m2 9,98 22,17 5,48 10,84 13,63
Deposited powder

VASLUI
Municipiul Vaslui
Pulberi sedimentabile g / m2 26,70 29,00 21,13 23,53 86,10
Deposited powder
Municipiul Brlad
Pulberi sedimentabile g / m2 28,80 33,40 23,26 27,59 96,70
Deposited powder
Municipiul Hui
Pulberi sedimentabile g / m2 24,80 25,40 18,75 20,76 78,30
Deposited powder
Ora Negreti
Pulberi sedimentabile g / m2 21,50 23,40 18,96 19,18 79,20
Deposited powder

VLCEA
Municipiul Rmnicu Vlcea
Pulberi n suspensie mg / m3 0,33 0,34 0,06 0,08 9,36
Suspended powder
Stolniceni
Pulberi n suspensie mg / m3 - 0,28 - 0,08 6,09
Suspended powder

VRANCEA
Municipiul Focani
Pulberi sedimentabile g / m2 - 23,66 - 16,25 16,66
Deposited powder

BUCURETI
Municipiul Bucureti
Pulberi n suspensie mg / m3 - 0,71 - 0,11 10,53
Suspended powder
1.3.9 REPARTIZAREA TERENURILOR AGRICOLE PE CLASE DE
PRETABILITATE, LA 31 DECEMBRIE 2001
DISTRIBUTION OF AGRICULTURAL LAND BY
SUITABILITY CLASSES, ON DECEMBER 31, 2001

Modul de folosin / Use

Puni i fnee Vii i livezi
Total agricol Arabil
Pastures and Vineyards and
Clasa de pretabilitate Total agricultural Arable Suitability
hayfields orchards
mii ha mii ha mii ha mii ha
(%) (%) (%) (%)
thou ha thou ha thou ha thou ha

Suprafaa total 14852 100,0 9402 100,0 4931 100,0 519 100,0 Total area
din care, n clasa de pretabilitate: of which, in the suitability class:
I - foarte bun 410 2,8 355 3,8 54 1,1 1 0,2 I - very good
II - bun 3656 24,6 3353 35,7 220 4,5 83 16,0 II - good
III - mijlocie 3083 20,7 2364 25,1 597 12,1 122 23,5 III - medium
IV - slab 3623 24,4 1728 18,4 1767 35,8 128 24,7 IV - weak
V - foarte slab 4080 27,5 1602 17,0 2293 46,5 185 35,6 V - very weak
1.3.10 SUPRAFAA TERENURILOR AGRICOLE AFECTATE DE DIVERI
FACTORI LIMITATIVI AI CAPACITII PRODUCTIVE, N 2001 1)
AGRICULTURAL LAND AREA AFFECTED BY VARIOUS
1)
FACTORS RESTRAINING THE PRODUCTIVE CAPACITY, IN 2001
Suprafaa afectat
(mii ha)
Denumirea factorului Name of factor
Affected area
(thou hectares)

Secet frecvent 7100 Frequent drought

din care: cu amenajri pentru irigaii 2) 3211 of which: arrangements for irigations 2)

Exces periodic de umiditate n sol 3781 Humidity periodical excess in soil

din care: cu amenajri de desecare - drenaj 2) 3196 of which: arrangements for dryness - drainage 2)

Eroziunea solului prin ap 6300 Water soil erosion

din care: cu amenajri antierozionale 2) 2274 of which: antierosion arrangements 2)
Alunecri de teren 702 Landslide
Eroziunea solului prin vnt 378 Wind soil erosion
Schelet excesiv de la suprafaa solului 300 Excessive skeleton from soil surface
Srturarea solului 614 Soil salt
Compactarea solului datorit lucrrilor Soil compaction due to inadequate
necorespunztoare ("talpa plugului") 6500 works ("plough sole")
Compactarea natural a solului 2060 Soil natural compaction
Formarea de crust 2300 Crust formation
Rezerv mic i foarte mic de humus n sol 7485 Small and very small humus deposit in soil
Aciditate puternic i moderat 3424 Strong and moderate acidity
Alcalinitate ridicat 223 High alkalinity
Asigurarea slab i foarte slab Very weak and weak ensuring with
cu fosfor mobil 6330 mobile phosphorus
Asigurarea slab i foarte slab Very weak and weak ensuring with
cu potasiu mobil 787 mobile potassium
Asigurarea slab cu azot 5110 Weak ensuring with nitrogen
Carene de microelemente (zinc) 1500 Scarcity of microelements (zinc)
Poluarea chimic a solului datorit Soil chemical pollution due to different
diferitelor activiti social-economice 900 socio-economic activities

1)
Aceeai suprafa poate fi afectat de unul sau mai muli factori limitativi.
1)
The same area can be concomitantly affected by several factors.
2)
Amenajrile menionate sunt n cea mai mare parte nefuncionale, datorit nentreinerii lor.
2)
Mentioned plannings are mostly not functioning due to their unmaintenance.
1.3.11 INVESTIII DE PROTECIA MEDIULUI, PE CATEGORII DE PRODUCTORI I
GRUPE DE ACTIVITI SPECIFICE, N 2001
INVESTMENTS IN ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION, BY CATEGORY OF PRODUCERS
AND BY GROUP OF SPECIFIC ACTIVITIES, IN 2001
milioane lei preuri curente / milion lei current prices
Prevenirea i Protecia resurselor
combaterea naturale i conservarea Alte
Sectoare de activitate polurii biodiversitii activiti
Total
Activity sectors Prevention and Natural resorces Other
control of protection and activities
pollution biodiversity preservation

Total 6203708 5914367 88978 200363

Productori nespecializai / Non-specialised producers

Total 4713291 4457448 86666 169177

Industrie extractiv 80845 80328 282 235

Mining and quarrying

Industrie prelucrtoare 3575626 3379133 46123 150370

Manufacturing

Producia, transportul i distribuia

de energie electric i termic,
gaze i ap cald 928703 887795 33964 6944
Electric and thermal energy,
gas and hot water production,
transport and distribution

Construcii 128117 110192 6297 11628

Construction

Productori specializai / Specialised producers

Total 1144336 1136423 - 7913

Recuperarea deeurilor i resturilor

de materiale reciclabile 147374 146119 - 1255
Recovery of waste and of
remains of recycled materials

Gospodrirea resurselor de ap,

captarea, tratarea i distribuia apei 880670 874513 - 6157
Administration of water resources,
water collection, treatment
and distribution

Comer cu ridicata al deeurilor

i resturilor 4501 4501 - -
Wholesale of waste and remains

Asanarea i ndeprtarea gunoaielor,

salubritate i alte activiti similare 111791 111290 - 501
Draining and removal of garbage,
salubrity and other similar activities

Administraie public local / Local public administration

Total 346081 320496 2312 23273

Administraie public 346081 320496 2312 23273

Public adminstration