Indias No 1 Stress and Strain

IES Academy Chapter-1

A Ao
And true strain at maximum load ()T = ln o or = e T
A A
Pmax P A
Eliminating Pmax we get , (u )T = = max o = u e T
A Ao A
Where Pmax = maximum force and Ao = Original cross section area
A = Instantaneous cross section area
Let us take two examples:
(I.) Only elongation no neck formation
In the tension test of a rod shown initially it was Ao
= 50 mm2 and Lo = 100 mm. After the application of
load its A = 40 mm2 and L = 125 mm.
Determine the true strain using changes in both
length and area.

Answer: First of all we have to check that does the (If no neck formation
member forms neck or not? For that check occurs both area and
Ao Lo = AL or not? gauge length can be used

Here 50 100 = 40 125 so no neck formation is for a strain calculation.)

there. Therefore true strain

L
dl 125
(T ) = = ln = 0.223
l 100
Lo

Ao 50
(T ) = ln = ln = 0.223

A

40

(II.) Elongation with neck formation

A ductile material is tested such and necking occurs
then the final gauge length is L = 140 mm and the
final minimum cross sectional area is A = 35 mm2.
Though the rod shown initially it was Ao = 50 mm2
and Lo = 100 mm. Determine the true strain using
changes in both length and area.

Answer: First of all we have to check that does the (After necking, gauge
member forms neck or not? For that check Ao Lo = AL length gives error but

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