'.

CAPTIJLO 19

S./rl'Of{Il'lA5'

I g. L l*,rlii{lllll^l-I DAD L5
LlAl1.;\C'r-[irl.sl'lcrr.s: ]1r5.-slponin;ir; r;on llcl,.: r':;i,.lo.s (rrz.Licti"rlglicrr) (]llc '5(l c:tt;tr-tct.iz';ttr
c.Jlr.rrir r,rriilt,tlo .sc agite t,rilr -sOlttcidrlr lLt-tlol;rt qtic Ies
1r,r, ,., crr,;ri-lri;rrl l)iriir l)rr,:i,,rcil

rlcl a:;u.;,. Sori tor lcl tatlto lcll,!ioxctivol; llriir'lt;tlr:s'

i,,,.:c,riri,lo:; I,..s ,,,iirlacl,:s clr: az-t-rri l,rLcllr:11 sct rrcLrtJ il.s o ;icicla's'
t-lcttc'trriitrrir:
Sc1. cl rrcro cic rurlr;rc.s r[r: las rLtrjclailcs glLrcclic.r.s al aglrccit-, sc
I ii.lrolrir-r.s rr.rr)rlrl c.s,roscl i<.,r.s: i:] ,r iir, r-o t't.il-:ci(:ij:jc rltl(:ll l)rJr iltll ri;riclr 1;cl'siciIl
;r1 ;,liictin;ci Ol'l cic 1l rosiclri -i

(-.'. -'-- -'--l

ac1'eom ^'*'' [^'i;lr]l'l,l
I l'^

Sa ponitt it:; tr,)r'orIIl :;rol; lrJic s

- --- - '- - ---)

lllr," ^ ,*.-"':l *^ -[ N lrerr tr
I -:--__----_-'*
nGtie I
l\1]'5-'-" l-ll'll'l'..r
l. l

5 a ponirra:; l>iclc:,nloscJir; s

Z. Srrporri.;is biti grroscl ic;rs, ci uzrir.;rr o rz.ricarcti Iic tl tlcrr l)ol'tio:;1lrrlllor,;rl 'r;lir-rl'
Sc cl;,sifir-.rrl .scg(rtr
jl lrrt''ti';rjcz- clcl J-s qlrc ticrtcrl;r;lict5il trirr:tpilrlico sc t'lr:rrtl-
'tglic:iirl'
irrir',t ri;r'i:iri,i,,,, t,ltcr.lldir:r:;1, 1,,,,,i,c lo tlcn,:lt c()lr c:; (l'ucttlrr;r c.ltclo,.lir:;r l;c rlcnr;irii-
n1ir sl lo n i lr as (:stc ro cl icll;'

S/\f'Ol'lIl'lAS
-1
nl'l-i:f:lI)[:l\JI(]AS C)n [:/il]'Of'lil'lirIi i:5t f.nr.rIDICf :i C,,

-,2^"-

-y' ""'- "\.

^./ '1-r: {-lr:;ivatir.s tlol Dcr'atiol; dtrl
P c n i irc t:li,:: s l ;lclr.lic;.i t;

rl u ros lit rr::l

[-Antirlrl it (i a rl ni ult0 c l; ltir os 1a r'

.: r
cr.A nri ri tt a

LLrpnol

iir:t-,r:rt r:l ;i ir.ii ir i:c-rt :)0 :lot'rIrrrr II ' i,i,ll(, (rri tr:r'i,r,:tro). I );.
I . Ii.'t ii l-, I ;.ti'r..-ii.i i !l.L i lr1 tl :
Lt' il :
1i ',,
(,tirrlti,tl il,:'
I
I

c.lro aqlictirt rt-,cr:clr: clr: l.t r rL t u l, i t-.,r;i r r t,.!i.ir-;i i.l i: I rr ,.:r; tl r"i it i , - ;;r Crricrr,
 Ilornir)x(l1 I'LrtiI clci :iciclo tttr:v:tl'ico,
rrrri,irl rlc 6 rrrlitlrclcs C, L:rs .s.rpo.ilr:rs
piric;rs clcriv,rl rocl:r.s ricl clar,ilr^r^,,,, 1:oi rrircr-
y.sc sLrbciivic[c^ 1r sLr \/cz c.:
I '1' sa;otttttrt: tt'ittt'ltitticrtt
-tcrt,tccli,ritr .s"; i;;r^1r,,,.,;,.,,,, ll.,:cr.rc.res y ,Lrcc{c. scr
clc.ivaclc.'s cicl olc"Lrro o clc,'iv,clo.s ^lrs
rlcl ..,,r*,1n.- iLI; ,r., g,,',1ros rcr)rcse .trcros por. r:r
p-ariilina, o.-emirin;r y c1 l,,pcol.

l.l

(Sio OI.l on J y $lrr rJobtc onlaco olcirno)

jJ-l\rntftnil (Sin Ol I oil 1) yjin (tolrlc cnlacci ursano)
,Antirina

a. p-Arnirinr: c.s t-rn clcrivrrclo clcl

olcrno cr)il 5 ciclo.s clc 6 :iror)lo.s y 2 rncrilo-s
cin 20 clcl rr.rillo f_. cn ll 1;o.si-
Ltrs:r,o c,,, 5 ciclo.s clc 6 ,iio,,,os y 2 r,cLiros, r)e,o
i":#l:'J'l;;;;'.;'];]fil;dcl c. r;rs
c I-Lrrr:cl: ric.c L.rrr,.re rr 5 cicros, Pcro cr .lril]t.L: cs crc 5 ,ricr,rr.os,
con rrc.s ciclos clc 6 nijcn-rlr.os y Lrir ciclo clc
5 rnic,_,,b',u.r.

DanJnltrir.,o

lrr

:
/ /rlJ C.o,,rIo,rcrtcs rlL,f trric<.'s
1

2, -.!rp-qLriLl-i1,s,-f:.1!sl!iqJl-c.,1:
rtc birl'srtrtctiz';ttr llrrt[;rrr ;ot i:r t'trtrr rlr:l citlo trrcvrtl15trictr
,,r;;;r;;..r"1 ,r.,,,,.,os ['rcc-LLcrirc,s qLrc l:rs.s.1:.,irrr.s tritr-:1,rricr.s pcn t accl icls. Sc 1>r-tccicrr
c[;r.sificr crr:

'6 21

,/t--rl
ll:'l l-rs
:l
:22 )
l-\ ./
\/nrr,rr,r r-
|

lis;irostano = l'1

[:spiroslariol [l '= Ol'1

?,.1. Dcl.iurtrlo t{cL c.rf.:it0start0.' .solr cstrucir[;1s ilcxrcclicr

s clc")--/ ,ir:tl''c'''t clc caL[o'ro sLr
(:l; .irLr.l'r. cl cr ir,:r ci cl ,-,cio1;(tlr tittlol ,:r hici I cl[c,ll;ttltt'c11o
col'' clo's ]lctcr.tlciclos c[c )' 6
tir:r'ibros 1' cott \t lrr c:rclcll:i iatcrlrl crr l;t i-'ol;ir-i<5r l7'
"
tllrlbiCn tic-
7.2. Dc'iyrtc/0,.r cir:1.[,rt'ostrtttol; posccll r.,,',.i',.1,, r11cr1{)' qrrc ci cslliLosr;rllO, l](lfo
r-l ,: r-lr[or''rt;, C,t:tlcr',tl,r',a,.,,t, lr.s.slrllotrilrs
tictcn r:tr cl vr:-
r.r c. Lr rr c.sclrrclct o rlc).7,it'o,rrcr:;
Ltl']l cicl;rcirr titrc ci't ltr;rrr
f...-r ,.,.lin cl,: frro.sr,r,rc.,l , cirrre.tc l;r cxtr;ir-cititt ;totiLlcc
.';r:

c'vc,:
lrtll:,,'l::l'i:,':','u"';li'|,r.",.r.r;, s,.r))iiiri.i (i;or cjc.rlo, ,:, sol,rrt ,,r sir )
(r1rc, c{c
nitr.1t:rlo (rtri-
O crr ci arrilio I;o clc Cl-l cn l, c.,1,:,,,, ,,,,icli cr,'la 1io:;icin ?.?-, tir:t"tc:rr
rr;r) , Por lo ctt,ri sc totr-sicl clli srl-rotlitras )'alcaloiclcs
a ilt vcz''
DISI-lUBUCiN: sc crrcuc11 rrarr sapotrirl1s txil Lo cn vc;ctalcs
iil[criolcs (trlges, lc'uctrr:'s'
,.I...',go,, ilclcr-lros).n,-,..,o.,,..,.8"."1cs l;t-t p.:rirlrc.s. ].:rr Dicotilccltrcl.s
lra1, :rrrlciraltnc.ntc

.s;r'oui.;rs ti,.,.1r,i,',,ic,,i y n..riir;rlt.lrctt('c.sal)orrille.s c:;t-t:t.ciic;r's'

lllr h'fo.ocotilcc[t5.ces
r.iir.r \/c: .sc crrcucnIr.an silL)or'uui\]j rr rtcr'1.r,itrir-ts
y Ilri' c.lr.si cxclr't:;ii'lttrtllrtc ri:rl)()tlitr:t's c'str:-
r,;rr.ro clcl vc1ctal,.ilcro
r.octicus, I-as sl1,.ouiu:rs 1rr,.,l,,ir c.sriil loc,lilr;rtlas clt c\talqLricr
Ilcls (tlfz'
ticlrc. tc,c[ctrcia ;1 i](-Ll ,','r',,1,,,ra cll lrl:li'ol collccrltlrtc-itiri cil i:ls il1 ltcs 'srtbtr:ltf
Thrlr6iirr sc l',an crlcolrtrrclo :;r1',otrilr;rr; cr lrirrl:rlcs ilrf:ciiclLcl;'
'izor-r-ra),
P l(O P li:DAD 1.5:

. Tittsirc'tiurt,r; (:c)lrlo y' sc hl colll(:ll tlcl':' ll rr irlt.i1-';il 1'r ol'ir:rl;rrl fisic'r cl': I:rs s;rPoI]Iil;rs
1
[-,.,l',.1 1,,] .,,1r,,nta (pottcr ;r[i t:tro) y fb"'t'..'
cs quc .sott aLlcn tc's icll.sio;tctivo's, cap;tccs cl r:

c rl u Ls itt t", c.s (c i-,-t t, lic rr i,:s)

lt,.tn,liriti.. l^r r,,pr:rrir,:; tic..crr L;r*li,ji rtlrlt accirSll itct.oltic'r'
L'l ,oclcL lic-
2., poclr;.
lc,lcg1lr los 'stt's.titLr-
l,olrico cs carrcrcr.sricir,1. l^.r.srporrin;u; ttitctprirtic.-s []cro cs \/x1.1:rf
i,,";,;.;,.;;.,.,,,, (1,ur cjc.r1:lo, los !rtrp.s c.,,f'..',rilic"s Cool l
clisrtritttr'ctt cl po-
,;:;;.;;. , t. I .1: --.....-..- 1...,--^ll,;.^,.,',..r,.rr1oc

<r,"r,: l.; 6iclr:.s,",-,n,r,]'i.,,,r';;;, i;r r";., il.lri..t,, r sri rnclc'hcrr.lr'icr: tc.sirltrrr r,rry t(rxrc;rs si

''
.,. -,: --
 .sc rcl nlirri.srr.:trr Dor.
,o,'ur,,'.,,1.;;'.,,' j.:l-Yr1l.1,jltt'rIVCrtosrl (corrtlcriul clii'ccr;rnrcnLc con l:r .slngrc)
sLr Lrxici.t,,.f .r ,,*,i;irj): rnierr rlns c1 Lrc
f ";..y]1.?,ri
4. ';:;,';::l;:;:,'li'::l';:.,.1r:l::::*:l::ll
? sottthit,ttr/.:! sc,' r,crcj,sid;r.,,;;;,';;i, i1r:-:,, 1:,ra
a.i,r,rrcs clc srrrp,,c
1os antrtrrllcs s,r,g,c frii;r
ri (pcccs)
(cLarlol,rrleLrrtoi)citlsrlirll.,l.,",lzli,.^l.,.,,,'....
(cL'rtrc.,l, il.i'.::n':t
tliLlil ' clr rlr:;olvc tttc.s o.r, lirticos
,l;rarL'rtrrllc)^ 'lr
rrrctlrrtrJ) c rrlso jirl,.,lc.s .,, 1,..rllr.cs
i,,,'.n,'i,'.rl;;;;'L"'. r,,rir-r,,,,.c rir. ,lju: 'Lc's.t:rtic.-s,P..,J:rrc.; (Lcr clc p'cLr1.o, crc,,r.r-
^
l:;lx,;l;lH;
vcll rcs Lgriiicos f:l::Ii..'i,;ili;;i;:Jti:i[:::i,i;i;i,,ll,ll,,l;ffi:[;
o
lr1:ollre.s. :i:::"
Solrrlili<larl (\
Jll)() r)
.

rrrtr.s (lr.rcr s i rlo.s) Stp o 1;c rr.irr:r-s (l gLi con c_r)

.l irr;rgrr:r
So I Lr L lcs
lirr :rl.,rlrol rlilrritl<r Il,solLil-ics
SolLr l-: lcs
Ln rliso Ivcr tcs or.;tn icos rr1>oIl
.l rr.s o I Lr l I c.s
r.c.s Insolul>lcs
Soltlles

i
19.2. OT}"I]JNCIN Y ]JNSAYOS
:*
ILx'[lL\ccl()N: 1la'a
'stl rjxl'rlccirr -sc LrLiii.:r, L.c'z.cl;rs hic]r.c:rlcohlicus
i:i, (60-70") ccirl o[''icro clc cvir..-.,.,,or;r,";i.,r-.':r'i..,..r. clc elcv:rcllL gr.uciLr;r_
coll ngtrx o ..rcz'cirts lricl'orlcchlic:is pr.odrrce . cua.cio sc c]fr.rrc,
cl.., Lrrle gr.,i,,.-0,,. d.',rr,rr.;i
Jr,rtrtlLr'-'ir ttrr:t Pir'li'ir' rlt l:L Lrrr,-l:r.l ,i,' ,,,,,i. ;;"...so, sc 1>Lrcclc
1 yi,, .;:li,.i;,, ,r.ii;,"r,,,"fi'rr
cJ 1l;tsotlc s;Lllt''ttill:ls lliclc'srttosriic:rs,,,,,n,,,r,l..snro.srlic:rs. cs1;ir.usr.rr)of (r
tl.o:rlcolrli,:,r.s .i,, clcvuci. I-a cxrr.lcclrr corr rncz_clas
,r,:,,i,,,,.:iO,l
rrLr'rr j)(ir lnirc hi-
INSAyOS; lrr-rrrlllc cl vlllll'c1-l
cvirrrr. cr Blilll f):ir.tc csLos
toltlcrtr:ts.
L. Cu:rlif :rri'r,\.^;ir..r l:r ri..tcccirj,
clc
,lsc v: t,, ,,,,,,,1,Ji0,, ,r. r,p,,,,;
[iirl sc llLtcclctt o[sctvr. l""a.a.io,,ar ;;:l::l]fi,ii:.,.i:lj:;llrlj[::ni:?J[::;!Ji:
(rL.lrclritlo rcitico/ricitlo a,r]or.,,.1..r.o,,.i r.e;rcrivo cie Licrcr.rna..-rJirr.crl:rrci
"'1fr"tot,;,, cl rcrcrivo c1. a..-rr,.icc (rricror.uo crc rurrinrorrio)
y co,.lilchclos:itr,t-rr;iric.rs.,,,i.io
rt,rli,;..'i"l;;i;,;, se pLrccrc,, anrri:ur r.i-srrcichclo).
,i..,,1r,, fr,-.,, (ii,'Li)',..".i,in,toros
l::,:If::,f,j,ll i,i"^''trog'el'e co,r ios ..clcri,os crc coro-
lr:[:
::iil ;i: r:* H r r
A co,-,ri,,,,,,.ii,r'r.-,.rL"
;1
if:::, : : : : ![i .,jir:i*:rii, :ffi
. :': i:: i::- :"']l
ir)c ) r.s ; i,,.,,;,ii:l',;:,'l'd::':iJ,,:1:::::lr',ilili;j,l:::n:;,,'
Irr.s;r;,1
.z\i;iicaci rr
l\l:rlit irr..lc cs1,rr irr:r
Slr>o niirlr-i r:rr gcrrci l1
Ilfecro lre,roiLico (. __
Jirl)oilr i):15 r.l icls
tcr.:c1rt
(r'crccivo clc -s:rrrgr c, llI_) L

ro :i IJO rl r n lr s c.s rc r.o 11 i crs n r

o no clc-s rr_r oscl i cs
;:i ]L:rcLivo clc
j :'..
Li el-c rrrrl rr n- ll r-r r.clr u r rl
(Ac,O/t l,SO,) (l-.t]) -P tr I tr rx;
l)
I rrs c.sr,:r o ,1 i c,,s,r,.,,
;"1;,;;, ;,;',,r., ll::r ]
Ilc:r c
:!9:
VrLiriillirrr
L
h::!1!cl,r
ivr>
Slt>..rr,ir,:rs
-,IT,-
L ri rcl
---:-*---
r.rr r ie:rs
(l fr,sO4) J:rJ)L)lli t):tS--It tI ci llcttr tr. :r.S
\rr is:rlclr:lr clo (l-lrSO,) (AS) .):lJ)OtLt l):ri tI rti.t't-_"'
t)((lr iL:lJ
'

::r:'ri
' . :$rl'
.:::l:1. L1.i,.
7.52 . Cr,rtl)(.)rrc,')tcs rltrf trrico.s

D r o 1;a cs r ccic Co trt p o rr clt t.cs A rlicaciorrc.s Ce 1;.

1'
ilr z 1, riz-olrrr tlc S tr ro rr i n rs cs tc ro tiic:rts [:rrcn tc clc cstct oici.:s, 3l
Srirrlrr-t sr. (.srr.srpotrina) rlr:irrr r rtivo, <li ;cstivrr
Zl rzap arri llt
1(iz.o nr a cl<: S;rrotrin;rs c.src lr 111 1;-1 o r' .,;u;,:tt I ;r t, 2."/

l?tt.rctt ltcrt Lcrt I.t./-r ( r'tr.sco;r:n i rr,r), vcirot<itrico

I{tr.s co fl evo n o ici t:s

[;;; t,n,,,,1, ,t. Sa.ro r', i rrr.s c.sti:r ocl icrs l--rrcn t,: rlc cstcroiclcs 31

IJ i osctr :ca, t;r rlt c (riio.sgr: n in r)

I-lojrrs y La2. clc /1,'r,,,, tt .Srpon i ri;ts,-:s tct o lti it.lts ir:rrc' ri t( tlc c.'; tcroir.lr,:s, 71

Si.sil, a5a'c (lrccogcninl) rl<:lrtr rrttivo, <litr t tico

IiJI1I{CI CI OS D L. AtJ' I'O ii\/r\LUACI N

A. iriciicar ci car;icrcr'r,cclaclcro o Fal.so clc ias rrfllnraciorrcs siBLricntcs.so[)r'c lts.r,tl,ottittrr-r;
i. Son iictclrisici os (-lLlc xcttiar'I conro tcilsio;tc.ti1/ot; llattl[illc'..s.
2. Sc clcoprian biiicsr.nosclicas sicmprc.(lLrc cl aglicrr c:;'rii unicio a clos urliclaclcs tlc
a;;Li c I r.
3. aglicn qric [ornr Ir.s sl)or]inas pticclc scl'tl-itcri;irrico o [ctiatcLplrico.
ill
1i. I-as i.1r.-r,.,i,,as so lr:taIoiitss scc,.ttr<.1rios qttc .sc i:orl',lrn I tl.avi.s tlc l'r rlrta clci
:iciclo inc',,a1tt jco o lr-rt;I clc la cr,ri-lclcrr.sacirt isoirl'rric;r'
Il, 1r'rc[ir::rr i:I cal;ictcr vcrclrticro o ft1:;,; clr: ]lrs ;rllrtt-racioltcs .sitltiir:tlics:
i. ],;rs siipolrinrs tritLrriri,,rr,r lii:rlr:rr rrrr rr,lictr (,,n ), clctivrtli cl ,.:l ri,ttlllllill;illo.
2. i-,rs .sx[)oniltas tr itcr;C.tric;rs 'sort sictl'iptc 1:ctrracclic:rl;'
3. I-;rs.slironiiras cstc:r'oclicls l)ol;ccn trrt;rglicrirr Cr, ), locls lictlcli tlll;l c.tl'Llcti.lia clc-
t ivrcl ,t rlcl c:'1',iro:l;trlo.
4. Las saporlins sc: cir-rrclrt.r,rn solarncntc cn vcgclalcs st-l tcrittrc,s.
5. I-,, Jr4Jlocorilcclnc;r.s sc cnr-l.rcntLal",.so.brc totlo sa1;otrittas c.str:torlrc;r.s I cn Dico-
tilc,ltltrt:;,s sol;tc ro(l () .5ri)ollitlr:; tlitcr'P,i tric;ts.
6, Ijlo sc cllc.rrc.rr;rn s;rponirra:; cn los rg;tnos.stttrtctl':iltcos clc los \/cgctxl(1.5 (rtb,, r't-
:
z.ome)
C. 1ciic;rr r-rrlc.s r{c l;rs .sigrrir:rrtcs 1;rollittcl;rclc..s.solr c(t)'(.(;t t'.\ticds tlr: ld.r srr't:ttittrrr"
t] SolLri;lr:s c;r tltt; ctlrc,: L-1 l'Lcci1:il;trl t:rr rtllrrrt
-txicas parr iintilalc.s
[-l'.[csioacivrs [-] rJc .s;rngi'c [ra

[l Solrrblc.s crr ;rrlt];1 L I :'i"ri lictr:r ri.rirlos

L-l l-lcrrrolftics t-J Sc cxIr'ircn (:oir .solir<,.iorrc.s lrici ro,ri.-olrrllicr.s
Plocirrccn csi)ttltt;t clr: 1:rj r gr.rcltraciti rr
D. inclicar cl c.arictcr vcidaclclo o [tlso cic i;ls;ifitrtaciotlcs l;igrticntcs rc[criclr:; a lo.s cr.r-
1,os rlc clctcccili 11 6r.,",.,tificacin
clc las 'sapotrinas:
-llocle:;
i. las saportirras li.sarr irctnatcs.
2. El rcacr.ivo cl" T-,i:bcrnrann-llulcherc[ i-rcrtr-rirc cJi[clcti<-iat l:rs sa;onillr]s csicioclrc.as
clc Ia.s sal:ot-iitrirs tritcr'pirric,as,
3. Con cl lcacrivo clc Crrlr-Pricc (Sl;CI,,) sc ptrcclctr clctcclar lrrs slror.,itra.s c.stctoclicas.
4.1-t clcrclrlinacitr clcl lrclic.c cic cs:,.tttre cs lttl1 r'lot-rciritr ctlaill.itativa clc l;rs .5a[)o-
rr i il;rs.
 I
I
l)
)
t , libcr.,rn
J
tosl.,rgticonc.s (s,rpogcni
l ]:']] :.,,,l"llj,ll,
p,-,.crc,i ,r.,.,1,,,,,l::,:rif:H,l;i::1::,,,ra-s)
por r,icr,15lisis, io.s cr-rllc,s
1:rcci
)
I :1,'y
-1,^ I I .
'--- f ". b..,rrrrlLrl l.l,
I prrl;ilclr rlcrcrr.ir*r.irc,r.rrcicliricLr.ir.
!rlrrrcrr lrL'r ;tui(lllllelrla'
)

i7" I-:r
,,lll]l ],r,],.rrl;.^i^;Ls,:c
vairrillrnr c'-- -t' tr'
l r t, t.l rrrrlL
l.t clcrcccin
Ll(.LCa cle saponinrrs rriLcrpinicas
,
l, l,riicrrr cl crrcrer ;:::il:l,lcr.o
c:r r;tc.rc.r. vcrl :::,:,1;i"1,:i.l,ll,.
t; f llso .lc i;u :rfir.rlr:rcr
)
lrl(tic:rr
ciontr iolle s srgLricri Lcs , clLr l.ltrs :r llLs -
rhrnttco Igir:as tle frts srtton
r "- I rtrtt;
r
t
)
I C'-- "'-'

)
, i
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il:],:ll'::ji,::::'l':l::l:1,T.'l'::
r* cf,ccr
're l/vrrlrrL LJLLLCiI 1,,,
lo':'r::: 1jc;ccn tlll cfecfo i, rimncc li rrivcl
crecro lllltllrtte ,ivcr 1:L r,,,onar
y x^rji,rfl,rnrerrrio a.rvcl, sobrc ,o,tu;1:Lrl.ronar,
I Lrcr*iclaclc,
Lrcrniclacl cs inferio
i"r",.?"1.1]ticcic.r:rLoso
rcs. clc lrs cx_
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i,r.:r, e. (rcivr
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vt/ rL,t .ll) ri._ricLic:r
t n rrs biclc.sn ro.stl icu.s
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,, i,, t.
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 150 . Con'lponcntcs tlttInricos

2. Crralltitatjr,o.s: ltrra ix.s.s:rltorrirrl:; sc irrtcrlcn c.stn[:lcccr clos :;tlli ttrctt'os qtlc lct'tnitclr
srr valor':rcirin si l;c cor'lrilar xn col'i sx[)oltitr;ts 1;;tLt'ti:
2.). nrlict r/,: c.r1".'ttt't cs la tlrrixilla c[ilrrcititl clcl cxtr:acto clt: le tlLo1;t a l;r quc sc pt.ocitrcc
Lilr1 csi)r,ul1 l)cr.srsrcntc cn c[ctcnriuacllis corrciicioncs. Sr: dr:tct'ltrilt;r tltilrzrncio rtra scric
,l,r tbo.r.l n,'r,-i..sc ccloca ci cxtrr:tc) xcos.o )/ rgil1 lr;icicrrclo tl ifcLcltt.cs c[iitrciorlcs, S,:
;rr;itt c;rci ;r tito ci trtalrrc l5.sc1rrcios 1,.sc t{cj ;r ctl l.cl)(l:;o [5 llijrri.r (olj Dcllirio;r llt;t',it.'t-
.iii,', t. [r,r.r csl]L11 i1 1, ll rcr6s1r cl trivr:l r-lc c.sl)ulrrx cicl;cicrtrl c. Sc corl.siclct';r csl)ttrlla
(icltr: tt tt:t ;tlttll1 .sll;crior . I ccil-
1lcr.l;istcntc, si IL;rrr.scrrlLlcl os lcls 15 tlitrttto.s, l;r r:spr.rtl-lrt
tn-rcllt-r.
?..?.. ftrJicc lc 1l nrxil'ia clilr-rci<1rn cJcI cxrracro cic it clro1a;r l ctr;tl sc lrtocltt-
bcntrJl.isi.r.'cs
cc ilcrnli.si.s rorll. S.: cir:tcrlnir Iracicncir rii[crcnrcs cliltrciolrcs tlr:i cxti.;tcto ).c aaclc
unir susi)cnsirln cl c.r1 Irgtc citl'lr-[1.
Adcrr-ris, ias sll;clllitra:; sc p,-t cclctt cl ctcllrrirrrt rrlt:
7.1 . Gmuuttc/t'itt; sc llalt.c cic la solucitl acuosn clc la.s.salotiitl;t.s ), sc rc;rliza ttna hiclLli-
.si.';, cott lo qtLc.sc oirticticrr les sa;o;cnit-l;rs (;rglicorrcs) Jit;rc.s cltrc 1:r ccirit :rtr 1' sr- <lr:t crlIri-
rlln ll.:l'1-rcslcla.
C'onttolrrtflrt cl,: ,t.l/,t 'csolttr;irJtt ((LAli, ff PLC)
2..1.1.
Sc1n i^., .^r,,.r.rsrica.s i)rrricLil:llcs c[c la srponitra objcto cic valoracirr, ir;r1'otros ilo.si-
blcs ni.ltorios. A continracin, sc c.squcmatizan clt la siltLicrttc tab[a:

V;r.loracidr r\p I ic;r ci ir n

fnc[icc cic c.srri rti:t Ii;r-lorr irra.s crr icn'crrl

f ncl icc ric hcnrrilisi; lir1;oninas itcn-roIltic:rs

C r;rvitlct.r f a liepogcninas ctr icncral

lilporrirrr.s crr icttcr al
_!!ll!ln'_cl
Acicl irnctlf;r li'rrorrillt.s cr-n f:ircilr COOI-l

i:.s rcr-tt o [o tornctrla,.i it rvi o lcr a Srrortinas cot'r [trncir'rtt cari;orrilo r-onjtritrr.lo
l
(c,..c-c-o)
lt
I
Va lo rlci15 n co lo t'i tut!trica [)ctr:r llr i ttcl ;t., s,' ptl it i It.rs
L
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t).3. ACCIONIiS Y USOS

ACCIONLIi Ir\lli\,lACOI-CtCrtS Ir 1N'llrltfis lrl.l I^RN4^CiA: ],t:; tlrog'ts cor .s;lPOtritras 1;uccl.lr
acciollc. lccolloci(la
irr-cscnrer cliIcrcLrrc.s rrplicrcioncs ltlrrrn;rcoir,liicl.s. L;r.s ;rirrcit;rlcs
llilr:r s;ri)orrin;rs clc cfifcrr:l'rtcs csPccics.so]li
l, Accin it't'it.rtntc dc l.rs ct!ltrl.as, quc sc tat'iificsta prirrcip;tltnctrtc a tl'u; ll i'cles:
1,i, Pironar: ltroclucr1 Lln arllrtcJtrc ctc ja.s.s,ccl'ccioilc,s )/, por cotr.sigtiictttc, ticlrcl'l,un
c[ccto ('.Ylcclo)'d tt l.c',r x,, .;,.,,.t',,0.
1.2. Rc.rial: arullclrr.an lx ciLcrrlacir] .salrgunca a I-iit,cl lcnltl, arttlctttxtl(lo collsccllct.ll.c'
lncntc la frltracitr glotrtcrt,lar y sttrtir:ltt[o tLll c[ccto ,:littrtico
1.3. I-lcrrtric.9: lisrli Ios henrltc.s, lo cLlal t'c.sirlta ti:.rico si sc: rItlritrist.ralr 1-,or va iLltt;r-
vcuo.\r. Pol va oral la to;iicici;tci cs pr{ctic;rl'rlclltc cicsrrcci;r[;ic.

lls r:xIrcnriclrclcs ilrli:r io r r:s.

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rnolrl(os' 'lo crrrrl c'r'''ic irt'.,.', p.,,,

rrrLrrrclci'
t,,.1,'.,1 .;;;;; ir, cscri.sr.s.rrrirrsis cic
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col)' so. rtrolLtsq,icicias .itt'''1.ntc irrLe r.mcciir;;;; ,, r-rr
,rolusco (crrr.rr_
lus s,1roil:J; ,-,roi)o([c.slnoscric:rs
'sis i,s lirlcsrlrosiiitt' tt p''t.[.,',
co,vcri. cr'] "ii,.n*
r)cro hicrrciii-
rlc licl as'.'ryo.i r ;rr ir r)rc.r 'or
ri, l;:. ;,,po 'ro.ocresrrsciic,.r accic,r.rc.s .s.rr ri i..s Lr.i icr.,i^ica.s.
I-ls .srr;orr inus sc Lr Lili.,;1,, .,, f,,r,,
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rrclico''j cltic 5:rt I)'t.,,,,-ru,.,
.cxa:rlc.s, 1r, t,.,,,;.ri',lL..lirl .l. lr-, r,r,,,,,,.;;:,;;;;"fcricr.s (lro'rroir,r.s
'rrLL')i'\ (rc
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coN sA p oNrvAS .r,Rl,r,IrRr.ENrCrs
l-li ra[:]:l qtlc lrl)el(r(-e I cor-ttirlLr;tcirr
c-!(rrrc.rlLc.iz-.r lrs
's:tiro.cisiclos L'ircr;rlicns, cirrilrclA.r,lo Prr.cil:;r1c.s clro1as procl Lrcrorir.s cicl
sris lrrl',r.;p,,f .,r,,.pu,,.lircs:], sLrs rrcciorcs rnls
.,. i,,.ti.,r.l ..i,i,,.,t,, ci,,rctc,,.. "i
:I,::,:li:Ilo,l,,,,,ti,, 1r,,.d.,J,,.,pi;,,, .1 1.,,,.,.tio c': l:r cspc_
l
I)rog:L y e.s1;ccic
Co rrrl>on cntc.s
.\ccio rr cs
Ii.ir fcr:s y csLolt_,ncs ric
C;rp.
S:11 r(r i r i rl:rs I r.i cl.lrLr r iL.;rs Ji.,:-rcctor.;r rr r r., llr ri
G lyt7, ' /1,:.rl p l,t b r.rr (ili< ir rrcirrrr), fl,rvrrr,ri,lcs, t rr jiv, 2B
Ilcglliz, rrrriinflrnr:irorio,
lrlJr_r rlrr lcc c r n-r lr l i r r rt.s
lnriulccoso,
L

r n ricsp lsrr r ciicr:

ftail dc lolygrrlrt r(:)tttil

Pol;:rla
S:i1.oir i,i ;i.s ir.i r r. r pr r ic:r.s lixl-,.cLo r.,r rr Lr:, b:rls:nr ico
(scrrclrsiclc,.s) 2-B

Scrrilll.s clc (
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,'1 c t l, t t /t i1.,1t o t tt
c
I)rotccrr:r' rlc lr
t
s ! rr t t tr t it (csci r rr), gl,rcrisiilos i,,rrlccl 27
Ca,rrrLo cl c Ilrrli;r-r vl.sclr I:r , r,clrorrl icL,
crr ltr:r r'rr ic<s, csrcro]c.s l rl ri i rl il r rlr ;i cr r.i cr
R:r 'r. lc /)tt t t,t.t,t, t )r.;:,
t,g
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(i r rr -rc rr Lisi ti crs), 3I
rtir ric.rrr.d-s, :i rr ri oxicl
urr re,
i):l rlr-xiln os, r,i t:t r.r.l i rr :Ls,
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oligoclcnrcrr ro.s
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l":'/ u t L t t o to t t ! l-' n ico-vi iel izrrr rc,
t t , t t I i t.o r t 31
l-'li c Lr t cro cr. cr_r r rr Lic.s rr.cr.s, cl.ll ci g:rn Lc

l9'5' I)tlf NcIr'/\Lr-i.s DItocr\s

coN.s-AI)()NIrvz\s rrs.I,,,,Iror)]c,,\.s.
llrl rlrl:l:t tlc 1, plillirll
'l:L
'silLiicrrtc sc c':i(r.crilLiz-a. ras
sir[)orlsicios csLbr ocli..,-r, rr.ir,ci,rrics crr.oga-s,rociurcror.rs crc
l,r,,ricrrrcro ,r,-,
1r,j.ci1rrrlc:; .",i];;lllll::_r'::,?.r: ]l
sLrs ;rrrlicaciorcs
'rlr)orr^'re.s y cl c:r1>rLr1r rro..r. r,, pu.,i.:,,,,r1rtu,,:;; ;;;:l:"rcJr{e-\' r..rs

t :l'l: