NEW SYSTEM oF MINERALOGY, 1M THE FORM OF CATALOGUE, BARON BORN'S SYSTEMATIC CATALOGUE of THE cotteeTioN oF vossita oF MULE ELEONORE DE RAAB. By WILLIAM BABINGTON, M.D. ASSISTANT PHYSICIAN, AND LECTURER IN CHEMISTRY, AT GUY'S HOSPITAL. ®Lonpown PAINTED OR THE AUTHOR, BY 7. MEXALEY, BOLT-COURY, FLEET-eTREET; AWD SOLD BY W, PHILLIM, GROROE-YARD, LOMBARD-STREET; 6. 0. AND J. ROMIXtOX:, PATERNOSTER-ROW ; AND T. Cox, ST. TIKOMAS's-STRELT, BOROUGH. 1799SIR JOHN ST. AUBYN, BART. SIR, Axtuoucu I am’ far from confidering the following per- formance as worthy of a formal Dedication, I cannot help availing myfelf of the opportunity which it offers (the only public one I may ever have) of acknowledging the many civilities which you have condefcended to fhow me, Permit me, at the fame time, to affure you, that, however imperfe& the Work may be, my folicitude in executing it has not been the lefs, that the Colleétion to which it re- fers has paffed into your poffeffion: that Collection it may tend to render more valuable, and thereby entitle me in fome degree to a continuance of the confidential freedom with which you have hitherto allowed me to confult it. I am, Sir, with moft fincere refpea, your obliged and grateful fervant, Bafngbaitfre, 02 4, 17996 W. BABINGTON.ADVERTISEMENT. ” Iu committing the following Work to the prefs, the Author has been influenced by the fame motives that induced him t6 publith his srstéMatic ARRANGEMENT oF MINERALS in 17953 of which this may be confidcred a continuation, neceflary to complete the defign with which that arrangement was undertaken, He had been employed, as then mencion- ed, in forming from the extenfive and valuable colleétion of the late Ear! of Bute a more compendious and fele& cabinet, now in the polfefion of Sir Jobe Sr. Aubyn, Bart, and as this required not only a con(iderable length of time, but alfo a degree of attention much beyond what was at firit conceived necettiry for firch an undertak- ing, the author chought, thatin making public the fyitem which he had adopted, he might confidersbly abridge the labour of thofe who thould hereafter engage in a fimilar tafk, and likewife render an acceptable fervice to fuch as withed to acquire a comprehenfive knowledge of mineralogy, but who had neither leifure nor inclination, even ifthey had an opportunity, to canfult the numerous works through which the neceflary information lay feattered. Befides, as no endeavours had been {pared to render the collection from which that fynoplis was drawn up, one of the molt perfec in a fcientifie point of view, it was hoped chat the annexed catalogue would afford to fisch as had advanced a confiderable way in the butine(s of colletting, an opportunity of de- termining the comparative value of what they already poffeffed, as well as what articles -might yet be wanting to render their cabinets more complete. ‘The Work itfelf will thew of what affitance the author has principally availed himfelf; that in the diltribution of his fyftem into cuasss, ORDERS, CEWaRa, and sPEciEs, as founded on chemical, and the varieties on external charagters, he has nearly adopted the arrangement of Baron Berm, in his catalogue of the colleétion of Medemojflle Etlenore de Reaby that R. de Life has been bis guide on the fubjeét of cryftallifation s that moft * Digitized by Googlevi ADVERTISEMENT, moft of the generic deferiptions correfpond with thole of Widoumam and Emmerling, difeiples of the celebrated Ferner ; and that he is chiefly indebted to Mr, Kirtan for what refpeds the chemical properties and analyfes of the different Species. The conclufion of the advertifément prefixed to the “Author's former work may, be thinks, with (till greater propriety, be applied to this, namely, that however fimple the performance may appear to fome, yet fach as are beer acquainced with che nature of the fubject muft know, that to execute it, even with tolerable correctneféy requires much Jabour in colledting, and fome judgment in arranging, the materials, He had then eccalion to acknowledge his obligations to his fricnd Dr. Mifebell, and now he feels it ‘equally incumbent on him to retum his grateful thanks for the affiftance which he has fince received from his friends Mr. Richard Stocker, of Gay's Hlypital, and Mr. r= tbur Akin, of Bread ftreet, CLASSCLASS Lo SALTS. "Tiwe bodies comprehended under this clits are diftinguithed by being fapid to the tate, readily foluble in water, incombuftible, and incapable of being metallized, They poflefs a ftrong difpofition to unite with other bodies, therefare feklom found uncombined. ‘When in a concrete form, they are differencly affected by expofure to air, fome becom- ing deliquefcent, others cffloreleent, whilft fome remain unalcered, By folucion in water they produce a change of temperature. Moft of chem are capable of being more or Jefe perfeétly cryftallifed, in which ate, if expofed to heat, they underge true or watery Fution, decrepitation or decompofition, according to the degree and mode in which it is applied. They may be divided into fimple and compound. ORDER Lo SIMPL GENUS lL #CrD. ‘The acids are ufually diftinguifhed by their being of a four tafte and changing vee getable blues to red. ‘They all unite readily with water. In combination with alkalis they form, for the mott part, what are called neutral faltss with earths and metallic oxyds, earthy and metallic fats. Mofl of the acids are antifeptics fome powerfully cortofive. From modern experiments, they appear to confitt of different inflammable fubftances united to the balis of oxygen. ‘The mineral acids hitherto found in an uncombined (tate are, SPECIES L €ARBONIC ACID. Misia! Acid, Fixed dir, Acide Carbonique, Fr. Liftfaure, Germ. Found cither in a gufeous flate in caverns and other fubterrancan fituations, or impreg- nating the water of certala fpeings. Analyfis—Carbon 17, Oxygen 33. Chepfal SPECIES IL BORACIC ACID. Sedative Salt. Acide Beracique, Fr. Seditinfalz, Germ, B VARIETYVARIETY L ‘FN SOLUTION, Difcovered free from combination with alkali, by Adr. Heifer, in the waters of certain lakes in Tufeany. SPECIES I. SUPHURIC ACID. acid of Vitried Acide Sulphoorique, Fr. Fitri ire, Germ, VARIETY Lo co Glacial Vitrielis acid, CRETE. Found concrete and even cryftalifed in certain voleanie grottss of Tulcany and Jana, Analylis Sulphur 72, Oxygen 28. Bertbollet, VARIETY LIQUID. VARIETY WL G4SEOUS. ealatite Virviolie sei. GENUS IL ALKALI ‘The alkalis are diftinguithed by being of a pungent, Uxivial, or urinous taftey and changing molt vegetable blue colours to gieen, and many of the yellows to brown, “They have, like molt of the acids, a ftrong atteaétion for moifture, and when applied to the living body are very powerfully cauftie, In conféquence of their great tendency to union with other bodies, they have not, at yet, been found uncombiaed, ORDER Ik cCoMPOUND, GENUS L BASE, POTASH. To this and the two following genera the alkalis and acids, of which they are compofed, are united in foch proportions as thar, except in the cafe of carbonates, neither are found to predominate, SPECIES I. CARBONATE OF POTASH. Aerated Vegstable Aikali, Carbonate de Potajfe, Pr. Gevoicbs Laugenfalz, Germ. Analyliss—Acid 23, Alkali 70, Waver 5. Bergan, VARIETY(3) VARIETY IL IN SOLUTION. SPECIES I. MURIATE OF POTASH. Diggfive Sale af Syloius. Muriate de Patafe, Fe. Analyfis.—Acid 31, Alkali 61, Water 8. Beg. VARIETY I. IN SOLUTION. SPECIES Ill. NITRATE OF POTASH, Nitre, Salt Peire. Nitrate de Potaffe, Fr. Analyfis,—Acid 33, Alkali 49, Water 18. Berg. VARIETY L IN SOLUTION. SPECIES IV. SULPHATE OF POTASH. Vitrislared Tartar, Sulfate de Potoge, Fr. Analylis—Acid 40, Alkali sa, Water 8. Berg. VARIETY L IN SOLUTION, GENUS I B4SE, SODA. SPECIES lL CARBONATE OF SODA. Natrow, Carbonate de Soude, Fr. Mineralifbes Langeafalz, Germ. Analyfis—Acid 16, Alkaliao, Water 64. Beg. VARIETY I . EFFLORESCENT. Tax. Native mineral alkali, concrete, of a dull white colour, Teneriffé. OF this very large quantities have been imported into this country in the courfe of athe lath few years. VARIETY I, IN SOLUTION. SPECIES IL BORATE OF SODA Borax, Borate de Sowde, Fr. Tiwal, Germ, Ba VARIETY Digitized by Google| | VARIETY CRISTALLISED, Acid 34, Alkali 17, Water 47. Delametberie. Analpfis, Ml. 21, In truncated hexhedral prifims of a brownith colour. Thiber, The refinement of rough borax, of which this is a varie tied on by feveral artifts in this country, and probably dep a great meafure upon eryftallization on the large feale. ‘The quantity annually imported from the Fatt Indies amounts to feveral tons. Ir lofes in refinement trom 4 ¢9 + per cent, is now fuccefsfiully car- VARIETY IN SOLUTION, SPECIES I MURIATE OF SODA. Common Salt, Sea Salt, Muriate de Soude, Fr, VARIETY ko CRISTALLISED. Analyfis—Acid 52, Alkali ga, Water 6 Berg. JIL @ ty Tn colourles cubes aggregated on cryftallifed gypfum, Tyra IV. a2. In tranfparent cubes and reétangular paralelopepids of a fmaller fize and ir- regularly aggregated. Salabourg. ¥, cg In large tranfparent cubic cryftals with opake muriae of fada imbedded in indurated clay. Tprak VL. a4, Fragment of a large redtangular tranfparent cryftal. Salebouirg, VARIETY UU, 4¢MORPHOUS, VIL. a1. in an irregular mali competed of parallel fibres, of a yellowith white co- Jour with blue veins, Same Places VINE 2, tn detached pieces tranfparent and of a fibrous texture. Mirteméerg. 1X. 81, Inan amorphous maf of a flefh. red colour and granular texture. Sabebwurg. The fame ofa whitith red colour, in fome parts fibrous. Same place, XLéCs) XL. 83. The fame of a Mill paler colour. Same place. XID #4. Of a milk white colour, irregularly tuberculated om the furface of im pore murlate of foda, Upper Aulria. XIIL 5. Tn an irregular ma of a pale fleth red colour and granular texture, Northwich, Chefbire, The produce of the mines from which this fpecimen is taken is- greater than that of any other we are acquainted with, exceeding even the celebrated mines of Wilizka, Vide Wayjin's Chemical Effays, Vol. 1. SPECIES Iv, SULPHATE OF SODA. Glauber's Salt. Salpbate de Soude, Fr, Analylis—Acid a7, Alkali 1g, Water 58. Berg. VARIETY Lo IN SOLUTION. GENUS IIL #48EF AMMONIAC SPECIES Il CARBONATE OF AMMONIAC Atrated Volatile Alkali. Carbonate Anmoniacal, Er. Analyfis—Acd 45, Alkali 43, Water 12. Beg, VARIETY L. IN SOLUTION SPECIES IL MURIATE OF AMMONIAG Crude Sal dmmoniac, Muriate d' Ammoniague, Fr. Salmiac, Germ. VARIETY I CONCRETE, Analyfis—Acid 52; Alkali 40, Water 8; Delametb. 1. a1. Native Sal Ammoniac in detached picces. Pepsin. SPECIES Il. NITRATE OF AMMONIAG Nitrate P Ammoniaque, Fre Analylix—Acid 46, Alkali ga, Water 14. Delamerb, ea VARIETY \ Digitized by GoogleC6) VARIETY | Mixed with NITRATE OF POTASH. SPECIES IV, SULPHATE OF AMMONIAG Sulfate Ammoniscal, Br. VARIETY Lo CONCRETE. AnalyliseAcid 42, Alkali go, Water 18, Dnlomecb. CLASS IL. EARTHS. Tress are diftinguithed by their britdenels, fixity, (paring folubiliy in water, fipidicy, wane of edour, incapacity of communicating a tinge to glats or of being me- tallifed, and their Specific gravity not exceeding that of water more than in the proportion of sto 1, Some of the earths however poffefa thefe characters more perfedtly than others, and hence the diftinétion inte faline and infipid. “They are all naturally of a white com Jour; chey are all af foluble in one or other of the acids, from their folutions in which they cannot be precipitated by pruiiiate of potafh or of lime, a3 is the café with all metals, platina excepted. The pure earths at prefent known are lime, flrontian, baryt, magnefia, alumine, Glex, adamantine earth, jargon earth, of which the fix Brit are the moft common, ORDER lL HOMOGENEOUS. GENUS Lo LIME The ftate to which the properties of this earth more particularly refer, is thet in which it is obtained ftom carbonate of lime for various purpofes, by the continued application of a rong heat. Its form is either concrete or powderys colour, whi tate, hot, pungent, cauflics Specific gravity 2.3. It is foluble in about 700 times its weight of water at a common temperature, and in this form, like the alkalis, changes vegetable blue colours to green. On expofiire vo ais, if in the concrese thaie, it lofes tadually its attradlion of cohefion, and in procefs of time recovers its original hard- nef,C7) nels, by the abforption of carbonic acid gas from the atmofphere. On being fuddenly moittened, ic fills more immediately into powder, becomes luminous in the darky and, by the fadlen evolution of its caloric, produces a remarkable increafe of temperature. ‘Though ky iff infulible, it promoces very powerfully the fufion of all the uther earthy bodies, and is therefore facceisfully employed asa flux on feveral very important ocea fions. Te meles with borax and microcofimic falt without effervefcence. It meks allo with oxyd of Icad_ With the fulphuric and carbonic acids, it forms compounds of little folubility in water, unlels thefe acids be in excels; but with the nitric and muriatic, fales which are flrongly deliqusfcent. ‘Though fuppofed in many inftances to be of animal origin, yet in others it would fem impofible that it thould be derived from this _ fource, as in the cafe of primitive marble and lime-ftone, and more efpecially granite. SPECIES lL PURE LIME, VARIETY I. AMORPHOUS. I. at, Pure lime of a dull yellowifh white colour and earthly texture, Bath. "8 Looe, ‘The uncombined calcareous earth contained in this ftone was difcovered by Dr. Falconer, We learn alfa from Mf. Monet that pure lime, of a yellowith sober, is found in great abundance in the mountains of Upper Auvergne. SPECIES IL. CARBONATE OF LIME, Airated or mild Lime. Carbonate caleaire, Chaux Arie, Fr. ‘All the varieties of this fpecies effervefee with the flronger acids, and burn into quick, lime. VARIETY 1 CRISTALLISED. Caicareons Spar. Spath calcaire, Fr. Kall/path, Germ. Anolylis Acid 34, Lime 55, Water 11. Berg. Befides the great diverfiry obfervable in the colour, tranfparency, and configuration of the individuals of this variety, they are allo remarkable for being of a laminated texture and {feparating into rhomboidal fragments, which, when tranfparent, have the property of giving a double reffadion, When expofed to heat, they become opake and decrepitate, if it be fxddenly applied ; but are infufible without addition even in the facus of a born ing glafs. ‘They are found principally in mountains compoled of horizontal ttrata, and have been confidered as pofterior in their formation to primitive marble and lime-ftonc, a I a Digitized by Google38) I, #1, In fmall compreffed thomboidal paraliclopepids colourlefs and tranfparent, grouped on the furkice of white erpftalifed quarte, with orange coloured pearl (par. Rant de Wife, Plate 4. Figure 1 Scbonsnits, Hiowgary IIT. a2. Tn larger aranfparent cryftals of the fame figure, with dodecahedral cryitals of whice tranfpareit Mlavrolite, on laminaced calcareous fpar, Stromtiam, Argylebire, IV, 23. In very compreifed shomboidal parallelopepids, femitranfparent and of a whitith colour, fer edgeways on laminated barofelenive. Andreajberg, Harts, Ride Le Phas Fie § V. a. The fame, of a finoke grey colour, aggregated and wichout matrix. Britany. VI. ag. The time; in more compretied cryflals, aggregated fa as to produce the femblance: of cocks! combs, Froberg, Saxtny. Vil. 26. ‘The fame, in fall eryftals, white, femi-teanfparent, implanted onc on the other, fo as 10 form numerous columns on quartz interthixed with pyrites, Schertmits, VHL «7, The fame, in very thin lenticular cryftals, femitranfparent, and forming 8 groupe in whi crpftals are fet edgeways. ‘Foachinftbal, Bebrwia, IX. #8. In tranfparent compreffed rhomboidal paralielopepids, having the folid angles, at the junétion of heir wihedral pyramids, truncated; with black blende and fluor. Durban, de Fu Phage Figs 6 ag. ‘The fame, in aggregated cryftals, tranflucid and of a whey colour, the fo- cx more deeply traceatcd, Cunber land, Rade L Lg. Pig. 6. XI. #10, ‘The fame, alo tranflucid and of a whey colour, fill more deeply trun= ated, on jyyramsidal quattz, Same place, Ride hth a. bgt ain ‘The fancy numerous finall columns, which fupport a large coyllal of the fame configuration (hewing the tranGition into the hexahedral prifn) -ter- mninatel by tihedral pyramids wih pentagonal faces, Andrecjberg, Hari, Ku ddt dn Ph Ae Figs Ie XML «