elfort citizens in action fase CASE ORANGE CONTRAIL SCIENCE, ITS IMPACT ON CLIMATE AND WEATHER MANIPULATION PROGRAMS CONDUCTED BY THE UNITED STATES AND ITS ALLIES Compiled for the Belfort Group, Hooiwege 20 B-9940 Evergem BelgiumREVIEWED BY: AO ‘APPROVED BY: If we can stand up to them, all Europe may be free and the life of the world may move forward into broad, sunlit uplands. But if we fail, then the whole world, including the United ‘States, including ail that we have known and cared for, will sink into the abyss of a new Dark Age made more sinister, and perhaps more protracted, by the lights of perverted science Winston Churchill, This was their finest hour speech to the House of Commons, June 18” 1940. Date of release: May 10th 2010 1te leslie REVIEWED BY: AO ‘APPROVED = ev CONTENTS: LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS. 6 4. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY... 8 2. NOMENCLATURA 9 2.1. Contrails.. 10 2.2. Distrails... 1" 2.3. Wingtip vortices "1 2.4, ‘Chemtrails 2 : 2 3. CHARACTERISTICS OF CONTRAILS.. 8 8 3.1, Previous surveys about contrails. saves 14 3.2. Chemical composition of contrails. . 15 3.2.1. Standards for measurement. 15 3.2.2. Chemical composition of jet aircraft emissions. 16 3.2.3. Impact of fuel specification on aircraft engine emissions........ 17 3.3. Aircraft engine regulations. 19 3.3.1, Regulatory standards, 19 3.3.2. Case study: civil versus military engine emissions.. 20 3.3.2.1. Outline... - 20 3.3.2.2. Test resl....0cesee - ireeas 120 3.3.2.3, Production numbers for the KC-135 Stratotanker...... 22 3.3.2.4, Percentage of military traffic in global aviation......... 23 3.3.2.5, Conclusions of this test case... 23 4, EFFECTS OF CONTRAILS ON CLIMATE. , aeei2e 4,1. Effects of contralis on cloud formation... 25 4.1.4. Characteristics of Cirrus clouds. 25 4.1.2. Impact of Cirrus clouds on climate. 26 4.1.3, Development of contrails into Cirrus clouds. so OF 4.1.4, Impact of aviation on formation of men made Cirrus clouds... 28 4.2, Effects of contrails on temperature. 4.2.1. Variations in daily temperature range as a result of contrails... 31 4.2.2. Global warming potential of aircraft engine emissions......... 32 4.3. Effects of contrails on precipitation.. 33 4.3.1. Precipitation principles... pimageagetaen nce 4.3.2. Relation between contrails, air temperature and precipitation. 33 44, Other effects of contrails.... Hr denisteecnensatebestetee ret 35) 4.4.1. Dehydration of the stratosphere due to contrails. 35 4.4.2, Other factors affecting climate change. 36 5. CONTRAILS AND WEATHER MANIPULATION 37 5.1. From ‘Chemtrails’ to geo-engineering 38 Date of release: May 10th 2010 2