HVAC Systems & Air Side Econimizers

a Trane Engineers Newsletter Live satellite broadcast
HVAC Systems and Airside Economizers 3 May 2006
HVAC Systems and

Airside Economizers
an
Engineers
Newsletter Live
telecast
2006 American Standard All rights reserved
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Learning Objectives
Participants will learn the following about airside
economizers:
ASHRAE/IESNA Standard 90.1-2004
requirements
How issues, such as building
pressurization, affect economizer
operation
Ways to control airside economizer

systems based on HVAC system type
and location
airside economizers
Todays Topics
What an airside economizer is
Reasons and exceptions for use
Types of control
Performance in constant- vs. variable-

air-volume systems
Implementation in different systems
Application considerations
Todays Presenters
Dennis Stanke Brian Fiegen John Murphy

staff applications manager, sr applications
engineer applications engineer
engineering
What Is an Airside
Economizer?
HVAC systems and

airside economizers
definitions
Airside Economizer
1. Device that, on proper variable
sensing, initiates control signals or
actions to conserve energy
2. Control system that reduces

the mechanical heating and cooling
requirement
ASHRAE Terminology
of Heating, Ventilation,
Air Conditioning & Refrigeration
definitions
Airside Economizer
A duct-and-damper arrangement and
automatic control system that together
allow a cooling system to supply outdoor
air to reduce or eliminate the need for
mechanical cooling during mild or
cold weather
ASHRAE/IESNA
Standard 90.1-2004
Single Zone, Constant Air Volume (CAV)
RA
RL
OA SA
space
Supply-air temperature
varies to match cooling load
CAV system
Operating Modes
heating mechanical cooling
100
OA intake flow, %
heating
capacity
min outdoor air
0
cold OA temperature hot
CAV system without economizer

Operating Modes
100
OA intake flow, %
cooling
capacity
outdoor air
min
0
CAV system with economizer

Operating Modes
modulated
heating econ
100
OA intake flow, %
outdoor
air
min mech clg

capacity
0

Operating Modes
modulated integrated
heating econ econ
100
OA intake flow, %
outdoor
air
mech clg
capacity
min
0

Operating Modes
modulated integrated mech
heating econ econ cooling
100
OA intake flow, %
outdoor
air
mech clg
capacity
min
0

Operating Modes
integrated
economizer
100% OA
modulated
economizer
min to
100% OA

min OA min OA
high-limit shutoff
Why Use an
Airside Economizer?
HVAC systems and

airside economizers
airside economizer
Why Use It?
Comply with ASHRAE 90.1-2004,
Section 6.5.1
or local energy code
U.S. climate zones*

*Alaska = Zones 7, 8
Hawaii = Zone 1a 7a
6b
4c
7b 6a
5a
5b
4a
3c 4b
warm,
3a humid
3b 2a
2b
1a
c b a
marine dry moist
1 very hot 3 warm 5 cool 7 very cold
2 hot 4 mixed 6 cold 8 subarctic
Canada Climate zones of cities

listed in Table B-2,
climate zone examples ASHRAE 90.1-2004
5 cool
Inuvik 8 6 cold
7 very cold
Whitehorse 8 subarctic
8
Ft. Nelson 8 8 Ft. Smith
7 Prince George
Goose Bay 7
Kamloops
5 St. Johns 6
5 7 7 Saskatoon Kapuskasing
Qubec
Vancouver Calgary 7 7 7
7 6 Halifax
Regina Montreal 6
Winnipeg
6 Toronto
Mexico
climate zone examples
1 very hot
2 hot
3 warm
4 mixed
3 Monterrey
1 Tampico
Guadalajara 1 1 Mrida
Mexico City 3
4 Veracruz
Climate zones of cities

listed in Table B-3, ASHRAE 90.1-2004
Std 90.1s economizer requirements

Exception (a)
System 135,000 Btu/h?
Economizer required
4b
Economizer
NOT required
System 65,000 Btu/h?
Economizer required
c b a
marine dry moist
airside economizer use

Std 90.1s Exceptions
(a) Individual fan-cooling units with
less-than-minimum capacities installed in
specific climate zones
(b) Systems with gas-phase outdoor air cleaning

to meet ASHRAE Standard 62
(c) Systems with > 25% of supply air

serving spaces humidified above
35F DP for process needs
(d) Systems with condenser heat recovery
airside economizer use

Std 90.1s Exceptions
(f) Residential space systems with capacities
< 5 limit in Exception (a)
(f) Space sensible cooling load transmission

+ infiltration load at 60F
(g) Systems that operate < 20 hr/wk
(h) Supermarket applications, where outdoor air

for cooling affects open refrigerated cases
(i) Systems with high mechanical cooling

efficiency ( Table 6.3.2 requirements)
airside economizer
Why Use It?
Section 6.5.1
Reduce operating costs

airside economizer (Columbus)

HVAC Energy Savings
100
HVAC energy consumption,
95
% of base
90
85
80
75
base VAV CAV
airside economizer (Cincinnati)

HVAC Energy Savings
100
95
% of base
90
85
80
75
base VAV CAV
airside economizer
Why Use It?
Section 6.5.1
Reduce operating costs
Earn LEED-NC v2.2 certification

EA Prerequisite 2: Must comply
with ASHRAE 90.1-2004

EA Credit 1:
Optimize energy cost
Economizer
Control Types
HVAC systems and

airside economizers
Allowed Types of Economizer Control

Disable econ Enable econ
(up to 100% OA) (minimum OA)
Control type when OA is: when OA is:
Fixed dry bulb Warmer than Cooler than

fixed setting fixed setting
Differential dry bulb Warmer than RA Cooler than RA
Fixed enthalpy Higher thermal Lower thermal

energy than fixed energy than fixed
setting setting
Electronic enthalpy Above fixed DB Below fixed DB

vs. DP curve vs. DP curve
Differential enthalpy Higher thermal Lower thermal

(comparative enthalpy) energy than RA energy than RA
Dew point & dry bulb Warmer or wetter Cooler and drier
(fixed DB with than fixed DB,DP than fixed DB,DP
DP lockout) settings settings
economizer control type:

Fixed Dry Bulb
wet-bulb temperature, F
humidity ratio, grains/lb of dry air

high-limit
shutoff
minimum
OA intake
dry-bulb temperature, F
econ economizer econ
OFF ON OFF
Prescribed High-Limit Settings

for economizer shutoff
For Fixed DB,

OA > 70F
For Fixed DB,

OA > 75F
4b For Fixed DB,

OA > 65F
c b a
marine dry moist
missed opportunities:
Fixed Dry Bulb

high-limit shutoff
75F DB
possible increased
cooling tons
55F
minimum
OA intake
econ economizer econ
OFF ON OFF

Fixed Enthalpy
high-limit shutoff
28 Btu/lb
minimum
OA intake
econ economizer
OFF ON
Fixed Enthalpy

75F
possible missed CV
economizer hours
high-limit shutoff
28 Btu/lb
minimum 55F
OA intake
possible increased
cooling tons
econ economizer
OFF ON

Electronic Enthalpy
high-limit shutoff
curve A
minimum
OA intake
econ economizer
OFF ON
Electronic Enthalpy

missed
75F economizer
hours
high-limit shutoff
curve A
minimum
55F
OA intake
possible increased
cooling tons
econ economizer
OFF ON

Differential Enthalpy
high-limit
shutoff range
minimum
OA intake
econ economizer
OFF ON

high-limit 75F
shutoff range
(hOA > hRA)
minimum 55F
OA intake
econ economizer
OFF ON

Dew-Point and Dry-Bulb Temperatures
high-limit
shutoff
55F DP OA
minimum
OA intake
high-limit
shutoff
75F DB OA
econ economizer
OFF ON
Dew-Point and Dry-Bulb Temperatures

possible missed
economizer hours
high-limit
shutoff
55F DP OA
minimum 55F
OA intake
high-limit
shutoff
75F DB OA
econ economizer
OFF ON
Limitations on Economizer Control Types
Any control type

No fixed
enthalpy
No differential
dry bulb
c b a
marine dry moist
economizer control
High-Limit Shutoff
Its an enable/disable point,
prescribed by control type and climate
(see Table 6.5.1.1.3B)
Right limit setting should yield

largest energy-use reduction
If analysis shows a better setting:

Ask for a variance, or

Use Energy Cost Budget Method
(Section 11)
economizer control
Integrated Economizer
Extends economizer hours to save
more cooling energy
Must use everywhereexcept almost

anywhere
Economizer systems shall be integrated with the
mechanical cooling system and be capable of providing
partial cooling even when additional mechanical cooling

is required to meet the remainder of the cooling load
ASHRAE/IESNA Std 90.1-2004, Section 6.5.1.3
Integrated Economizer Exceptions
integrated
economizer
required DX systems that reduce
OA to prevent frosting
Small DX systems with
capacities < 65,000 Btu/h
Any system in most
climates
c b a
marine dry moist
economizer control
Use in chilled water systems whenever
possibleeven if not required
Use with care in built-up DX systems

Low-load operation can lead to:
Very cold coil temperatures and frosting
Compressor flooding and excessive

cycling, and possible premature failure
Out-of-control space relative humidity
CAV-system operating modes

heating econ econ cooling
100
OA intake flow, %
high-limit
shutoff
outdoor air
min
0
CAV-system operating modes

Non-Integrated Economizer
modulated mechanical
heating econ cooling
100
low-limit
OA intake flow, %
enable
outdoor
air
mech clg
capacity
min
0
Performance in a
Constant-Volume System
HVAC systems and

airside economizers
Economizer Performance
Compare:
Economizer control types
High-limit shutoff settings
Assess impact on:

Energy use
Space humidity
Building Analysis Tools

TRACE 700
HVAC load design and analysis software
Comprehensive energy and
economic analysis for virtually
any building
Also tracks space humidity
levels
TRACE 700
Space Humidity Profile
Columbus, Ohio
5a
warm,
humid
c b a Retail store
marine dry moist Constant-volume system
Office building
VAV system

Fixed Dry Bulb
RA
EA
SA
T space
OA MA
High-limit shutoff:
55F 70F single-zone CAV system
65F 75F
CAV system (Columbus)

Energy: Fixed Dry Bulb
100
95 8%
% of base
90
13% 13%
15%
85
80
75
none 55F 65F 70F 75F
high-limit shutoff setting (fixed DB)
fixed dry bulb:

Example at Part Load*
85
180
80 160
140
75
OA 120
100
MA
60 80
55
RA 60
50 SA
45
40 40
35
30
70F high-limit 75F high-limit 20
shutoff setting shutoff setting
0
30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110
*Single-zone CAV system: Mild, rainy day in Columbus, Ohio

Humidity: Fixed Dry Bulb
228
250
208 218
206 206
hours with space RH > 58%
200
150
100
50
0
none 55F 65F 70F 75F
high-limit shutoff setting (fixed DB)
fixed dry bulb:

85
180
80 160
140
75
70
OA 120
100
65 MA
SA
60 RA 80
55 RA
60
50 SA
45
40 40
35
30
70F high-limit 75F high-limit 20
shutoff setting shutoff setting
0
30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110

Energy: DP Lockout
100
95 8%
% of base
90
13% 13% 14%
15%
85
80
75 none 55F 65F 70F 75F 75F DB,

high-limit shutoff setting (fixed DB) 55F DP

Humidity: DP Lockout
228
250
208 218
206 206 206
200
150
100
50
0
none 55F 65F 70F 75F 75F DB,

Fixed Enthalpy
RA
EA
SA
h space
OA MA
High-limit shutoff:
23 Btu/lb 32 Btu/lb single-zone CAV system
28 Btu/lb

Energy: Fixed Enthalpy
100
95
11%
% of base
90
14%
15% 14%
16%
85
80
75
none 70F 75F DB, 23 28 32
fixed DB 55F DP Btu/lb Btu/lb Btu/lb
lockout fixed h fixed h fixed h
fixed enthalpy:
85
180
80 160

140
75
120
70
100
65
60 80
55
60
50 SA RA
45
40
40 MA
35
30
SA OA 20
0
30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110
*Single-zone CAV system: Hot, dry day in El Paso, Texas

Humidity: Fixed Enthalpy
250 218 216
206 206 206 207
200
150
100
50
0
none 70F 75F DB, 23 28 32
fixed DB 55F DP Btu/lb Btu/lb Btu/lb
lockout fixed h fixed h fixed h

Electronic Enthalpy (h)*
85
180
80 160

140
75
120
70
100
65
60 80
55
60
50 shutoff setting
45
40 40
35
30
20
0
30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110
*Single-zone CAV system

Energy: Electronic Enthalpy
100
95
% of base
90
15% 14% 15%
16%
85
80
75
none 70F 75F DB, 28 electronic
fixed DB 55F DP Btu/lb enthalpy
lockout fixed h

Humidity: Electronic Enthalpy
250 218
206 206 207 207
200
150
100
50
0
none 70F 75F DB, 28 electronic
fixed DB 55F DP Btu/lb enthalpy
lockout fixed h

RA
EA RA
h
SA
h space
OA MA
single-zone CAV system

Energy: Differential Enthalpy
100
95
% of base
90
15% 14% 16% 15% 16%
85
80
75
none 70F 75F DB, 28 electronic differential
fixed DB 55F DP Btu/lb enthalpy enthalpy
lockout fixed h

Humidity: Differential Enthalpy
250 218 211
206 206 207 207
200
150
100
50
0
lockout fixed h
differential enthalpy:
Example at part load*
85
180
80 160

140
75
120
70
100
65 OA
60 80
55
60
50 75F DB
45
40 50%RH 40
35
30
20
0
30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110
Performance in a
Variable-Volume System
HVAC systems and

airside economizers
VAV system (Columbus)

Energy: Fixed Dry Bulb
100
95 8%
9%
10% 11% 11%
% of base
90
85
80
75 none 55F 65F 70F 75F 75F DB,


Humidity: Fixed Dry Bulb
250
200
150
100
50 29 26
19 19
3 8
0
none 55F 65F 70F 75F 75F DB,
fixed dry bulb:

Example at part load*
85
180
80 160

140
75
120
OA
70
100
65
60
MA 80
SA RA
55
50 RA 60
45 SA
40 40
35
30
55F SA 75F high-limit 20
temperature shutoff setting 0
30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110
*VAV system: Mild, rainy day in Columbus, Ohio
VAV system:
Economizer Effect on Space Humidity*
85
180
80 160
140
75
120
70
100
65
60 80
RA
55 SA MA
60
50
45 RA
35
40
OA MA/SA 40
30
55F 70F economizer 20
SA setpoint shutoff setting 0
30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110
*VAV system: Columbus, Ohio

Energy: Fixed Enthalpy
100
95
8%
10% 11% 9%
11% 11%
% of base
90
85
80
75
none 70F 75F DB, 23 28 32 electronic
fixed 55F DP Btu/lb Btu/lb Btu/lb enthalpy
DB lockout fixed h fixed h fixed h

Humidity: Fixed Enthalpy
250
200
150
100
50 29
19 19 19 19
8 2
0
none 70F 75F DB, 23 28 32 electronic
fixed 55F DP Btu/lb Btu/lb Btu/lb enthalpy
DB lockout fixed h fixed h fixed h

Energy: Differential Enthalpy
100
95
10% 11% 11% 11% 12%

% of base
90
85
80
75
lockout fixed h

Humidity: Differential Enthalpy
250
200
150
100
50 29
19 19 19 18
8
0
lockout fixed h
VAV system:
SA Temperature Reset*
85
180
80 160

140
75
120
70
100
65
60 RA 80
55 OA
60
50
RA
40
45 SA 40
35
30
55F 60F 20
SA setpoint SA setpoint
0
30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110
*VAV system: Columbus, Ohio
Traditional VAV System

85
180
80 160
140
75
120
70
100
65
60 80
55
60
50 55F
45
40 SA setpoint 40
35
30
modulated integrated 20
economizer economizer
0
30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110
Cold-Air VAV System

85
180
80 160

140
75
120
70
100
65
60 80
55
60
50
45
40 48F 40
35 SA setpoint
30
modulated integrated 20
economizer reset economizer
0
30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110
Energy/Humidity Effects
Control strategy and high-limit shutoff
setting impact energy use AND indoor
humidity levels
TRACE 700 can aid in analyzing various

economizer control strategies
SA temperature reset can save cooling

and reheat energy, BUT

increases supply fan and preheat
energy, and raises space humidity
Implementing
Airside Economizers
HVAC systems and

airside economizers
Implementing
Airside Economizers
Single-zone systems
Multiple-zone systems
Dedicated outdoor-air systems

single-zone systems
Packaged DX Rooftop
Size OA intake hood for
design airflow of system
OA
RRA SA
single-zone systems
Indoor Air Handler
Size OA duct for the air handlers design airflow
OA
SA RRA
single-zone systems
Unit Ventilators
SA
Size OA intake for

the unit ventilators
design supply airflow
OA
minimum = 1 ft RRA
multiple-zone systems
Outdoor Air Handler
Measure and control
OA outdoor airflow to maintain
proper airflow rates
SA
RRA
VAV terminals
Indoor Air Handler
RRA
alt
OA
SA
Measure and control outdoor airflow

to maintain proper airflow rates
Options include flow-sensing dampers VAV terminals

and airflow measurement stations
Commercial Self-Contained
minimum
OA
SA
RRA
RRA
SA
RRA
multiple-zone systems (central AHU)

Commercial Self-Contained
economizer coil
cooling tower
DX coil
condensers
dedicated outdoor-air systems

Central Air Handling
minimum
OA
conditioned
OA
RRA
SA
RRA

Water-Source Heat Pumps
conditioned
OA minimum
OA
SA SA
RRA RRA
Water-Source Heat Pump

with waterside economizer coil
3-way valve
economizer coil
refrigerant-to-water
heat exchanger

Fan-Coils
conditioned
OA minimum
OA
SA SA SA
RRA
Plate-and-Frame Heat Exchanger

as waterside economizer
closed in
economizer
mode
heat
exchanger
typical
cooling
coil
terminal unit systems

Packaged Terminal ACs
Opening the window
lets in economizer air
SA
RRA
Application
Considerations
HVAC systems and

airside economizers
application considerations
Building Pressure Control
Standard 90.1 requires:
Low-leak dampers
Some method for controlling
building pressure
Systems shall provide a means to relieve excess

outdoor air during air economizer operation to prevent
overpressurizing the building. The relief air outlet shall

be located to avoid recirculation into the building
ASHRAE/IESNA Std 90.1-2004, Section 6.5.1.1.5
Building Pressure Terminology

return-air
relief air plenum return air
RL RA
exfiltration
RRA
recirculated infiltration space
return air
EA
local
exhaust
OA SA air
outdoor mixed-air supply air
(intake) air plenum
system configurations
Only works for
Natural Relief small buildings
return-air
plenum return air
RA
exfiltration
RRA
return air
EA
local
exhaust
OA SA air
(intake) air plenum
Works okay, but
Local Barometric Relief isnt accurate
return-air
plenum return air local
RA relief air
exfiltration
RRA
return air
EA
local
exhaust
OA SA air
(intake) air plenum
Doesnt work
Central Barometric Relief very well
return-air
central plenum return air
relief air RA
exfiltration
RRA
return air
EA
local
exhaust
OA SA air
(intake) air plenum
Works well for
Relief Fan most buildings
return-air
relief air plenum return air P
RL RA
exfiltration
recirculated P
return air
RRA infiltration space
EA
local
exhaust
OA SA air
(intake) air plenum
Works well with
Return Fan ducted return
return-air
relief air plenum return air
RL RA
exfiltration
RRA
return air
EA
local
exhaust
OA SA air
(intake) air plenum
Dynamic Reset
The system may be designed to reset the
design outdoor air intake flow (Vot) and/or
space or zone airflow as operating conditions
change. These conditions include but are not
limited to:
Variations in occupancy
Variations in the efficiency
A higher fraction of outdoor air
ASHRAE Standard 62.12004
Dynamic Reset Control
These conditions include Variations in occupancy
or ventilation airflow in one or more individual zones
for which ventilation airflow requirements will be
reset.
Note: Examples of measures for estimating

such variations include: occupancy scheduled by
time-of-day, a direct count of occupants, or an
estimate of occupancy or ventilation rate per person
using occupancy sensors such as those based on

indoor CO2 concentrations.
Dynamic Reset
heating econ econ cooling chilled
100 water
return
80 air
flow, %
60
40
outdoor
20 air
max min high-limit max

heating cooling shutoff cooling
load load load
dynamic reset control

Minimum Intake Airflow
design dynamic reset
design
relief allowable reset
intake = exfiltrn exfiltrn
exhaust reset intake = exhaust

limit
For positive pressure

intake exfiltration + exhaust
dynamic reset control

Minimum Intake Airflow
design dynamic reset
infiltrn
design
relief allowable reset
intake =
infiltrn
exhaust reset
intake
= exhaust
limit
For negative pressure

intake + infiltration exhaust
Dynamic Reset
These conditions include :
Variations in occupancy
Variations in efficiency with which outdoor
air is distributed to the occupants under
different ventilation system airflows and
temperatures
A higher fraction of outdoor air in the
air supply due to intake of additional

outdoor air for free cooling or exhaust air
makeup
airside economizers
What We Covered
ASHRAE 90.1 requirements, exceptions
(location/size, controls, integration)
Energy costs and humidity levels

(constant- vs. variable-air-volume systems)
Economizer implementation in various

system types
Application considerations
(building pressurization)
Trane Engineers Newsletter Live satellite broadcast
Bibliography
03 May 2006 Industry Standards

American Society of Heating, Refrigeration, and Air-Conditioning
HVAC Systems Engineers (ASHRAE). ANSI/ASHRAE IESNA Standard 90.1-2004:
and Airside Energy Standard for Buildings Except Low-Rise Residential
Buildings. Available at http://xp20.ashrae.org/
Economizers frame.asp?standards/std90.html
American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air Conditioning
Engineers, Inc. (ASHRAE). Standard 90.1-2004 Users Manual.
Available at http://www.ashrae.org
American Society of Heating, Refrigeration, and Air-Conditioning
Engineers (ASHRAE). ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 62.1-2004:
Ventilation for Acceptable Indoor Air Quality. Available at <
http://www.realread.com/prst/pageview/browse.cgi?book=193186
2672>
American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air Conditioning
Engineers, Inc. (ASHRAE). Standard 62.1-2004 Users Manual.
Available at http://www.ashrae.org
Articles
Brambley, M., Pratt, R., Katipamula, S. et al. 1998. Diagnostics for
Outdoor Air Ventilation and Economizers. ASHRAE Journal 40-10
(October), 49-55.
Taylor, S. 2000. Comparing Economizer Relief Systems. ASHRAE
Journal 42-9 (September), 33-40, 42.
Trane Publications
Stanke, D. Keeping Cool with Outdoor Air: Airside Economizers.
Engineers Newsletter 35-2 (2006). Available at
<http://www.trane.com/commercial/
navigation/files/pdf/6/admapn020en_0406.pdf>
Trane. 2002. HVAC System Control (Trane Air Conditioning Clinic TRG-
TRC017-EN). La Crosse, WI: Inland Label and Marketing Services,
LLC.
Page 1 of 1
engineers newsletter live
Presenter Biographies
HVAC Systems and Airside Economizers
Brian Fiegen | manager, applications engineering & systems marketing | Trane

Brian has been with Trane for 23 years in a variety of product management and system
development roles. Specifically, he has worked with Tranes air handling and VAV product
lines, including unit controls for that equipment. He is presently responsible for Tranes
applications engineering and systems marketing team, and is well-respected for his
extensive knowledge in airside design and controls. Brian is a member of ASHRAE.
John Murphy | senior applications engineer | Trane

John has been with Trane since 1993. His primary responsibility as an applications engineer
is to aid design engineers and Trane sales personnel in the proper design and application of
HVAC systems. His main areas of expertise include dehumidification, air-to-air energy
recovery, psychrometry, ventilation, and ASHRAE Standards 15, 62.1, and 90.1.
John is the author of numerous Trane application manuals and Engineers Newsletters, and
is a frequent presenter on Tranes Engineers Newsletter Live series of satellite broadcasts.
He also is a member of ASHRAE, has authored articles for the ASHRAE Journal, and is a
member of ASHRAEs Moisture Management in Buildings and Mechanical Dehumidifiers
technical committees.
Dennis Stanke | staff applications engineer | Trane

Dennis, a mechanical engineer from the University of Wisconsin, has been with Trane
since 1973 and is a specialist in airside systems and controls, ventilation, indoor air quality,
and dehumidification. Hes authored numerous publications on these subjects, has appeared
in several Engineers Newsletter Live broadcasts, and holds three U.S. patents related to
VAV system control. An active ASHRAE member, Dennis currently serves as chair for
SSPC62.1, the committee responsible for ASHRAE Standard 62, Ventilation for Acceptable
Indoor Air Quality, and is a member of the editorial board for the ASHRAE publication, IAQ
Applications. He combines his knowledge of ventilation system design and control with
knowledge of IAQ-related issues and solutions to help designers meet IAQ, ventilation, and
energy challenges in commercial, institutional, and high-rise residential buildings.
In addition to his Trane responsibilities as staff applications engineer, Dennis also serves
on research advisory boards at UCBerkeley (Centers for the Built Environment) and Penn
State University (Indoor Environment Center), and is an active member of the USGBC
LEED Technical Advisory Group for Indoor Environmental Quality (EQ TAG).

HVAC Systems &amp; Air Side Econimizers

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HVAC Systems &amp; Air Side Econimizers

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a Trane Engineers Newsletter Live satellite broadcast

HVAC Systems and Airside Economizers 3 May 2006

HVAC Systems and

Trane is a Registered Provider with The American Institute

This program is registered with the AIA/CES for continuing

2006 American Standard All rights reserved

2006 American Standard All rights reserved

AIA continuing education

Ways to control airside economizer

2006 American Standard All rights reserved

Reasons and exceptions for use

Performance in constant- vs. variable-

Implementation in different systems

Dennis Stanke Brian Fiegen John Murphy

2006 American Standard All rights reserved

HVAC systems and

2. Control system that reduces

2006 American Standard All rights reserved

Single Zone, Constant Air Volume (CAV)

2006 American Standard All rights reserved

min outdoor air

CAV system without economizer

2006 American Standard All rights reserved

CAV system with economizer

min mech clg

CAV system with economizer

2006 American Standard All rights reserved

CAV system with economizer

CAV system with economizer

heating mechanical cooling

2006 American Standard All rights reserved

HVAC systems and

2006 American Standard All rights reserved

U.S. climate zones*

Canada Climate zones of cities

2006 American Standard All rights reserved

Climate zones of cities

Std 90.1s economizer requirements

2006 American Standard All rights reserved

airside economizer use

(b) Systems with gas-phase outdoor air cleaning

(c) Systems with > 25% of supply air

(d) Systems with condenser heat recovery

airside economizer use

(f) Space sensible cooling load transmission

(g) Systems that operate < 20 hr/wk

(h) Supermarket applications, where outdoor air

(i) Systems with high mechanical cooling

2006 American Standard All rights reserved

Reduce operating costs

airside economizer (Columbus)

2006 American Standard All rights reserved

airside economizer (Cincinnati)

Reduce operating costs

Earn LEED-NC v2.2 certification

with ASHRAE 90.1-2004

2006 American Standard All rights reserved

HVAC systems and

Allowed Types of Economizer Control

Fixed dry bulb Warmer than Cooler than

Differential dry bulb Warmer than RA Cooler than RA

Fixed enthalpy Higher thermal Lower thermal

Electronic enthalpy Above fixed DB Below fixed DB

Differential enthalpy Higher thermal Lower thermal

HVAC Systems & Air Side Econimizers

HVAC Systems & Air Side Econimizers