G. B.

Technical University, Lucknow

PROPOSED SYLLABUS

Master of Computer Application

Third Year
( Semester V and VI )

1
 MCA

Study and Evaluation Scheme

Effective from session 2010-11

Year-III, Semester V
SNo Subject Subject Period Evaluation Scheme Total
Code
Sessional Exam

CT TA Total

1 MCA-511 Web Technology 3-1-0 30 20 50 100 150

2 MCA-Elective-II 3-1-0 30 20 50 100 150

3 MCA-512 Dot Net Framework & 3-1-0 30 20 50 100 150

C#
4 MCA-513 Software Engineering 3-1-0 30 20 50 100 150

5 MCA-Elective-III 3-1-0 30 20 50 100 150

Practicals / Training /Projects

6 MCA-551 Web Technology Lab 0-0-3 30 20 50 50 100

7 MCA-552 Dot NET Lab 0-0-3 30 20 50 50 100

8 GP-501 General Proficiency 0-0-3 - - 50 - 50

Year-III, Semester VI
SNo Subject Subject Period Evaluation Scheme Total
Code
Sessional Exam

C TA Total
T
1 MCA-611 Colloquium# 0-0-3 - 200 200 - 200

2 MCA-612 Project# 0-0-4 - 300 300 500 800

#
Note : Guideline will be notified separately.

2
 List of Electives for MCA

MCA-Elective-II

MCA E21 Computer Graphics and Animation

MCAE22 Simulation and Modeling
MCA E23 Advanced Database Management Systems
MCA E24 Artificial Intelligence
MCAE25 Information Security and Cyber Laws
MCAE26 Information Storage & Management

MCA-Elective-III

MCA E31 ERP Systems

MCA E32 Software Project Management
MCA E33 Real Time System
MCA E34 Mobile Computing
MCA E35 Neural Networks
MCA E36 Pattern Recognition

3
 SYLLABUS
( Master of Computer Application)

MCA 511: Web Technology

Unit I: Introduction:
Introduction to web, protocols governing the web, web development strategies,
Web applications, web project, web team.

Unit II: Web Page Designing:

HTML: list, table, images, frames, forms, CSS;
XML: DTD, XML schemes, presenting and using XML

Unit III: Scripting:

Java script: Introduction, documents, forms, statements, functions, objects;
event and event handling; introduction to AJAX, VB Script

Unit IV: Server Site Programming:

Introduction to active server pages (ASP),ASP.NET, java server pages (JSP), JSP application
design, tomcat server, JSP objects, declaring variables, and methods, debugging, sharing data
between JSP pages, Session, Application: data base action , development of java beans in JSP,
introduction to COM/DCOM.

Unit V: PHP (Hypertext Preprocessor):

Introduction, syntax, variables, strings, operators, if-else, loop, switch, array, function, form
,mail, file upload, session, error, exception, filter, PHP-ODBC.

References
1. Xavier, C, “ Web Technology and Design” , New Age International
2. Ivan Bayross,” HTML, DHTML, Java Script, Perl & CGI”, BPB Publication.
3. Ramesh Bangia, “Internet and Web Design” , New Age International
4. Bhave, “Programming with Java”, Pearson Education
5. Ullman, “PHP for the Web: Visual QuickStart Guide”, Pearson Education
6. Deitel, “Java for programmers”, Pearson Education

MCA 512: Dot Net Framework and C#

Unit-1
The .Net framework: Introduction, The Origin of .Net Technology, Common Language
Runtime (CLR), Common Type System (CTS), Common Language Specification (CLS),
Microsoft Intermediate Language (MSIL), Just-In –Time Compilation, Framework Base Classes.

Unit-II

4
C -Sharp Language (C#): Introduction, Data Types, Identifiers, Variables, Constants, Literals,
Array and Strings, Object and Classes, Inheritance and Polymorphism, Operator Overloading,
Interfaces, Delegates and Events. Type conversion.

Unit-III
C# Using Libraries: Namespace- System, Input-Output, Multi-Threading, Networking and
sockets, Managing Console I/O Operations, Windows Forms, Error Handling.

Unit-IV
Advanced Features Using C#: Web Services, Window Services, Asp.net Web Form Controls,
ADO.Net. Distributed Application in C#, Unsafe Mode, Graphical Device interface with C#.

Unit-V
.Net Assemblies and Attribute: .Net Assemblies features and structure, private and share
assemblies, Built-In attribute and custom attribute. Introduction about generic.
References
1. Wiley,” Beginning Visual C# 2008”,Wrox
2. Fergal Grimes,” Microsoft .Net for Programmers”. (SPI)
3. Balagurusamy,” Programming with C#”, (TMH)
4. Mark Michaelis, “Essential C# 3.0: For .NET Framework 3.5, 2/e, Pearson Education
5. Shibi Parikkar, “ C# with .Net Frame Work” , Firewall Media.

MCA 513: Software Engineering

Unit-I: Introduction
Introduction to Software Engineering, Software Components, Software Characteristics, Software
Crisis, Software Engineering Processes, Similarity and Differences from Conventional
Engineering Processes, Software Quality Attributes. Software Development Life Cycle (SDLC)
Models: Water Fall Model, Prototype Model, Spiral Model, Evolutionary Development Models,
Iterative Enhancement Models.

Unit-II: Software Requirement Specifications (SRS)

Requirement Engineering Process: Elicitation, Analysis, Documentation, Review and
Management of User Needs, Feasibility Study, Information Modeling, Data Flow Diagrams,
Entity Relationship Diagrams, Decision Tables, SRS Document, IEEE Standards for SRS.
Software Quality Assurance (SQA): Verification and Validation, SQA Plans, Software Quality
Frameworks, ISO 9000 Models, SEI-CMM Model.

Unit-III: Software Design

Basic Concept of Software Design, Architectural Design, Low Level Design: Modularization,
Design Structure Charts, Pseudo Codes, Flow Charts, Coupling and Cohesion Measures, Design
Strategies: Function Oriented Design, Object Oriented Design, Top-Down and Bottom-Up
Design. Software Measurement and Metrics: Various Size Oriented Measures: Halestead’s
Software Science, Function Point (FP) Based Measures, Cyclomatic Complexity Measures:
Control Flow Graphs.

5
Unit-IV: Software Testing
Testing Objectives, Unit Testing, Integration Testing, Acceptance Testing, Regression Testing,
Testing for Functionality and Testing for Performance, Top-Down and Bottom-Up Testing
Strategies: Test Drivers and Test Stubs, Structural Testing (White Box Testing), Functional
Testing (Black Box Testing), Test Data Suit Preparation, Alpha and Beta Testing of Products.
Static Testing Strategies: Formal Technical Reviews (Peer Reviews), Walk Through, Code
Inspection, Compliance with Design and Coding Standards.

Unit-V: Software Maintenance and Software Project Management

Software as an Evolutionary Entity, Need for Maintenance, Categories of Maintenance:
Preventive, Corrective and Perfective Maintenance, Cost of Maintenance, Software Re-
Engineering, Reverse Engineering. Software Configuration Management Activities, Change
Control Process, Software Version Control, An Overview of CASE Tools. Estimation of Various
Parameters such as Cost, Efforts, Schedule/Duration, Constructive Cost Models (COCOMO),
Resource Allocation Models, Software Risk Analysis and Management.
References:
1. R. S. Pressman, Software Engineering: A Practitioners Approach, McGraw Hill.
2. Rajib Mall, Fundamentals of Software Engineering, PHI Publication.
3. K. K. Aggarwal and Yogesh Singh, Software Engineering, New Age International
Publishers.
4. Pankaj Jalote, Software Engineering, Wiley
5. Carlo Ghezzi, M. Jarayeri, D. Manodrioli, Fundamentals of Software Engineering, PHI
Publication.
6. Ian Sommerville, Software Engineering, Addison Wesley.
7. Pfleeger, Software Engineering, Macmillan Publication.

6
 Syllabus of Elective Subjects
( Master of Computer Application)

MCA E21 Computer Graphics and Animation

Unit – I
Introduction and Line Generation: Types of computer graphics, Graphic Displays- Random
scan displays, Raster scan displays, Frame buffer and video controller, Points and lines, Line
drawing algorithms, Circle generating algorithms, Mid point circle generating algorithm, and
parallel version of these algorithms.

Unit – II
Transformations: Basic transformation, Matrix representations and homogenous coordinates,
Composite transformations, Reflections and shearing.
Windowing and Clipping: Viewing pipeline, Viewing transformations, 2-D Clipping
algorithms- Line clipping algorithms such as Cohen Sutherland line clipping algorithm, Liang
Barsky algorithm, Line clipping against non rectangular clip windows; Polygon clipping –
Sutherland Hodgeman polygon clipping, Weiler and Atherton polygon clipping, Curve clipping,
Text clipping.

Unit – III
Three Dimensional: 3-D geometric primitives, 3-D Object representation, 3-D Transformation,
3-D viewing, projections, 3-D Clipping.

Unit – IV
Curves and Surfaces: Quadric surfaces, Spheres, Ellipsoid, Blobby objects, Introductory
concepts of Spline, Bspline and Bezier curves and surfaces.
Hidden Lines and Surfaces: Back Face Detection algorithm, Depth buffer method, A- buffer
method, Scan line method, basic illumination models – Ambient light, Diffuse reflection,
Specular reflection and Phong model, Combined approach, Warn model, Intensity Attenuation,
Color consideration, Transparency and Shadows.

Unit – V
Computer Animations : Conventional and computer assisted animation, design of animation
sequences, interpolation, simple animation effects, animation languages ( Key Frame System,
Parameterized systems), motion specifications, methods of controlling animation.

References:
1. Donald Hearn and M Pauline Baker, “Computer Graphics C Version”, Pearson
Education
2. Amrendra N Sinha and Arun D Udai,” Computer Graphics”, TMH
3. Donald Hearn and M Pauline Baker, “ Computer Graphics with OpenGL”, Pearson
education
4. Steven Harrington, “Computer Graphics: A Programming Approach”, PHI or TMH
5. James D Foley, A V Dam, S K Feiner and John f Hughes, “Computer Graphics Principles
and Practice” Second Edition in C.

7
 MCA E22 Simulation and Modelling

Unit-1
System definition and components, stochastic activities, continuous and discrete systems, system
modeling, types of models, static and dynamic physical models, static and dynamic mathematical
models, full corporate model, types of system study.

Unit-II
System simulation, why & when to simulate, nature and techniques of simulation, comparison of
simulation and analytical methods, types of system simulation, real time simulation, hybrid
simulation, simulation of pure-pursuit problem, single-server queuing system and an inventory
problem, Monte-Carlo simulation, Distributed Lag models, Cobweb model.

Unit-III
Simulation of continuous systems, analog vs. digital Simulation, Simulation of water reservoir
system, Simulation of a servo system, simulation of an autopilot,
Discrete system simulation, fixed time-step vs. even to even model, generation of random
numbers, test for randomness, Monte-Carlo computation vs. stochastic simulation.

Unit-IV
System dynamics, exponential growth models, exponential decay models, modified exponential
growth models, logistic curves, generalization of growth models, system dynamic diagrams
Introduction to SIMSCRIPT: Program, system concepts, origination, and statements, defining
the telephone system model.

Unit-V
Simulation of PERT Networks, critical path computation, uncertainties in activity duration ,
resource allocation and consideration.
Simulation languages and software, continuous and discrete simulation languages, expression
based languages, object oriented simulation, general purpose vs. application - oriented simulation
packages, CSMP-III, MODSIM-III.

References
1. Geoftrey Gordon, “ System Simulation”, PHI
2. Jerry Banks, John S. C Barry L. Nelson David M. Nicol, “Discrete Event System
Simulation”, Pearson Education
3. V P Singh, “System Modeling and simulation”, New Age Intenatinal.
4. Averill M. Law, W. David Kelton, “System Modeling and simulation and Analysis”,
TMH

8
 MCA E23 Advanced Database Management Systems

UNIT-I
Transaction and schedules, Concurrent Execution of transaction, Conflict and View
Serializability, Testing for Serializability, Concepts in Recoverable and Cascadeless schedules.

UNIT –II
Lock based protocols, time stamp based protocols, Multiple Granularity and Multiversion
Techniques, Enforcing serializablity by Locks, Locking system with multiple lock modes,
architecture for Locking scheduler

UNIT III
Distributed Transactions Management, Data Distribution, Fragmentation and Replication
Techniques, Distributed Commit, Distributed Locking schemes, Long duration transactions,
Moss Concurrency protocol.

UNIT –IV
Issues of Recovery and atomicity in Distributed Databases, Traditional recovery techniques, Log
based recovery, Recovery with Concurrent Transactions, Recovery in Message passing systems,
Checkpoints, Algorithms for recovery line, Concepts in Orphan and Inconsistent Messages.

UNIT V
Distributed Query Processing, Multiway Joins, Semi joins, Cost based query optimization for
distributed database, Updating replicated data, protocols for Distributed Deadlock Detection,
Eager and Lazy Replication Techniques

References
1. Silberschatz, orth and Sudershan, Database System Concept’, Mc Graw Hill
2. Ramakrishna and Gehrke,’ Database Management System, Mc Graw Hill
3. Garcia-Molina, Ullman,Widom,’ Database System Implementation’ Pearson Education
4. Ceei and Pelagatti,’Distributed Database’, TMH
5. Singhal and Shivratri, ’Advance Concepts in Operating Systems’ MC Graw Hill

MCA E24 Artificial Intelligence

Unit-I
Introduction : Introduction to Artificial Intelligence, Foundations and History of Artificial
Intelligence, Applications of Artificial Intelligence, Intelligent Agents, Structure of Intelligent
Agents. Computer vision, Natural Language Possessing.

Unit-II
Introduction to Search : Searching for solutions, Uniformed search strategies, Informed search
strategies, Local search algorithms and optimistic problems, Adversarial Search, Search for
games, Alpha - Beta pruning.

9
Unit-III
Knowledge Representation & Reasoning: Propositional logic, Theory of first order logic,
Inference in First order logic, Forward & Backward chaining, Resolution, Probabilistic
reasoning, Utility theory, Hidden Markov Models (HMM), Bayesian Networks.

Unit-IV
Machine Learning : Supervised and unsupervised learning, Decision trees, Statistical learning
models, Learning with complete data - Naive Bayes models, Learning with hidden data - EM
algorithm, Reinforcement learning,

Unit-V
Pattern Recognition : Introduction, Design principles of pattern recognition system, Statistical
Pattern recognition, Parameter estimation methods - Principle Component Analysis (PCA) and
Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA), Classification Techniques – Nearest Neighbor (NN) Rule,
Bayes Classifier, Support Vector Machine (SVM), K – means clustering.

References:
1. Stuart Russell, Peter Norvig, “Artificial Intelligence – A Modern Approach”, Pearson
Education
2. Elaine Rich and Kevin Knight, “Artificial Intelligence”, McGraw-Hill
3. E Charniak and D McDermott, “Introduction to Artificial Intelligence”, Pearson
Education
4. Dan W. Patterson, “Artificial Intelligence and Expert Systems”, Prentice Hall of India

MCA E25 Information Security and Cyber Laws

UNIT-I
History of Information Systems and its Importance, basics, Changing Nature of Information
Systems, Need of Distributed Information Systems, Role of Internet and Web Services,

Information System Threats and attacks, Classification of Threats and Assessing Damages

Security in Mobile and Wireless Computing- Security Challenges in Mobile Devices,

authentication Service Security, Security Implication for organizations, Laptops Security

Concepts in Internet and World Wide Web: Brief review of Internet Protocols-TCP/IP, IPV4, IPV6.
Functions of various networking components-routers, bridges, switches, hub, gateway and Modulation
Techniques

UNIT-II
Basic Principles of Information Security, Confidentiality, Integrity Availability and other terms
in Information Security, Information Classification and their Roles.

10
Security Threats to E Commerce, Virtual Organization, Business Transactions on Web, E
Governance and EDI, Concepts in Electronics payment systems, E Cash, Credit/Debit Cards.

UNIT-III
Physical Security- Needs, Disaster and Controls, Basic Tenets of Physical Security and Physical
Entry Controls,

Access Control- Biometrics, Factors in Biometrics Systems, Benefits, Criteria for selection of
biometrics, Design Issues in Biometric Systems, Interoperability Issues, Economic and Social
Aspects, Legal Challenges

Framework for Information Security, ISO 27001, SEE-CMM, Security Metrics, Information Security Vs
Privacy

UNIT-IV
Model of Cryptographic Systems, Issues in Documents Security, System of Keys, Public Key
Cryptography, Digital Signature, Requirement of Digital Signature System, Finger Prints,
Firewalls, Design and Implementation Issues, Policies

Network Security- Basic Concepts, Dimensions, Perimeter for Network Protection, Network
Attacks, Need of Intrusion Monitoring and Detection, Intrusion Detection

Virtual Private Networks- Need, Use of Tunneling with VPN, Authentication Mechanisms,
Types of VPNs and their Usage, Security Concerns in VPN

UNIT-V
Laws, Investigation and Ethics: Cyber Crime, Information Security and Law, Types & overview of Cyber
Crimes, Cyber Law Issues in E-Business Management

Overview of Indian IT Act, Ethical Issues in Intellectual property rights, Copy Right, Patents, Data
privacy and protection, Domain Name, Software piracy, Plagiarism, Issues in ethical hacking.
References :
1. Godbole,“ Information Systems Security”, Willey
2. Merkov, Breithaupt,“ Information Security”, Pearson Education
3. Yadav, “Foundations of Information Technology”, New Age, Delhi
4. Schou, Shoemaker, “ Information Assurance for the Enterprise”, Tata McGraw Hill
5. Sood,“Cyber Laws Simplified”, Mc Graw Hill
6. Furnell, “Computer Insecurity”, Springer
7. IT Act 2000

MCA E26 Information Storage & Management

Unit-I: Introduction to Storage Technology

Data proliferation and the varying value of data with time & usage, Sources of data and states of
data creation, Data center requirements and evolution to accommodate storage needs, Overview
of basic storage management skills and activities, The five pillars of technology, Overview of

11
storage infrastructure components, Evolution of storage, Information Lifecycle Management
concept, Data categorization within an enterprise, Storage and Regulations.

Unit-II: Storage Systems Architecture

Intelligent disk subsystems overview, Contrast of integrated vs. modular arrays, Component
architecture of intelligent disk subsystems, Disk physical structure components, properties,
performance, and specifications, Logical partitioning of disks, RAID & parity algorithms, hot
sparing, Physical vs. logical disk organization, protection, and back end management, Array
caching properties and algorithms, Front end connectivity and queuing properties, Front end to
host storage provisioning, mapping, and operation, Interaction of file systems with storage,
Storage system connectivity protocols.

Unit-III: Introduction to Networked Storage

JBOD, DAS, SAN, NAS, & CAS evolution, Direct Attached Storage (DAS) environments:
elements, connectivity, & management, Storage Area Networks (SAN): elements & connectivity,
Fibre Channel principles, standards, & network management principles, SAN management
principles, Network Attached Storage (NAS): elements, connectivity options, connectivity
protocols (NFS, CIFS, ftp), & management principles, IP SAN elements, standards (SCSI, FCIP,
FCP), connectivity principles, security, and management principles, Content Addressable
Storage (CAS): elements, connectivity options, standards, and management principles, Hybrid
Storage solutions overview including technologies like virtualization & appliances.

Unit-IV: Introduction to Information Availability

Business Continuity and Disaster Recovery Basics, Local business continuity techniques,
Remote business continuity techniques, Disaster Recovery principles & techniques.

Unit-V: Managing & Monitoring

Management philosophies (holistic vs. system & component), Industry management standards
(SNMP, SMI-S, CIM), Standard framework applications, Key management metrics (thresholds,
availability, capacity, security, performance), Metric analysis methodologies & trend analysis,
Reactive and pro-active management best practices, Provisioning & configuration change
planning, Problem reporting, prioritization, and handling techniques, Management tools
overview.

References
1. Information Storage and Management Storing, Managing, and Protecting Digital
Information , by EMC, Hopkinton and Massachusetts, Wiley, ISBN: 9788126521470

MCA E31 ERP Systems

UNIT - I
ERP Introduction, Benefits, Origin, Evolution and Structure: Conceptual Model of ERP, The
Evolution of ERP, The Structure of ERP.

12
UNIT - II
Business Process Reengineering, Data ware Housing, Data Mining, Online Analytic
Processing(OLAP), Product Life Cycle Management(PLM),LAP, Supply chain Management.

UNIT - III
ERP Marketplace and Marketplace Dynamics: Market Overview, Marketplace Dynamics, The
Changing ERP Market.

ERP- Functional Modules: Introduction, Functional Modules of ERP Software, Integration of

ERP, Supply chain and Customer Relationship Applications.

UNIT - IV
ERP Implementation Basics, ERP Implementation Life Cycle, Role of SDLC/SSAD, Object
Oriented Architecture, Consultants, Vendors and Employees,

UNIT - V
ERP & E-Commerce, Future Directives- in ERP, ERP and Internet, Critical success and failure
factors, Integrating ERP into organizational culture.
Using ERP tool: either SAP or ORACLE format to case study

References:
1. Alexis Leon, “ERP Demystified”, Tata McGraw Hill
2. Rahul V. Altekar “Enterprisewide Resource Planning”, Tata McGraw Hill,
3. Vinod Kumar Garg and Venkitakrishnan N K, “Enterprise Resource Planning –
Concepts and Practice”, PHI
4. Joseph A Brady, Ellen F Monk, Bret Wagner, “Concepts in Enterprise Resource
Planning”, Thompson Course Technology
5. Mary Summer, “Enterprise Resource Planning”- Pearson Education

MCA E32 Software Project Management

UNIT-I: Introduction and Software Project Planning

Fundamentals of Software Project Management (SPM), Need Identification, Vision and Scope
document, Project Management Cycle, SPM Objectives, Management Spectrum, SPM
Framework, Software Project Planning, Planning Objectives, Project Plan, Types of project plan,
Structure of a Software Project Management Plan, Software project estimation, Estimation
methods, Estimation models, Decision process.

UNIT-II: Project Organization and Scheduling

Project Elements, Work Breakdown Structure (WBS), Types of WBS, Functions, Activities and
Tasks, Project Life Cycle and Product Life Cycle, Ways to Organize Personnel, Project schedule,
Scheduling Objectives, Building the project schedule, Scheduling terminology and techniques,
Network Diagrams: PERT, CPM, Bar Charts: Milestone Charts, Gantt Charts.

13
UNIT-III: Project Monitoring and Control
Dimensions of Project Monitoring & Control, Earned Value Analysis, Earned Value Indicators:
Budgeted Cost for Work Scheduled (BCWS), Cost Variance (CV), Schedule Variance (SV),
Cost Performance Index (CPI), Schedule Performance Index (SPI), Interpretation of Earned
Value Indicators, Error Tracking, Software Reviews, Types of Review: Inspections, Deskchecks,
Walkthroughs, Code Reviews, Pair Programming.

UNIT-IV: Software Quality Assurance and Testing

Testing Objectives, Testing Principles, Test Plans, Test Cases, Types of Testing, Levels of
Testing, Test Strategies, Program Correctness, Program Verification & validation, Testing
Automation & Testing Tools, Concept of Software Quality, Software Quality Attributes,
Software Quality Metrics and Indicators, The SEI Capability Maturity Model CMM), SQA
Activities, Formal SQA Approaches: Proof of correctness, Statistical quality assurance,
Cleanroom process.

UNIT-V: Project Management and Project Management Tools

Software Configuration Management: Software Configuration Items and tasks, Baselines, Plan
for Change, Change Control, Change Requests Management, Version Control, Risk
Management: Risks and risk types, Risk Breakdown Structure (RBS), Risk Management
Process: Risk identification, Risk analysis, Risk planning, Risk monitoring, Cost Benefit
Analysis, Software Project Management Tools: CASE Tools, Planning and Scheduling Tools,
MS-Project.

References:
1. M. Cotterell, Software Project Management, Tata McGraw-Hill Publication.
2. Royce, Software Project Management, Pearson Education
3. Kieron Conway, Software Project Management, Dreamtech Press
4. S. A. Kelkar, Software Project Management, PHI Publication.

MCA E33 Real Time System

UNIT-I: Introduction
Definition, Typical Real Time Applications: Digital Control, High Level Controls, Signal
Processing etc., Release Times, Deadlines, and Timing Constraints, Hard Real Time Systems
and Soft Real Time Systems, Reference Models for Real Time Systems: Processors and
Resources, Temporal Parameters of Real Time Workload, Periodic Task Model, Precedence
Constraints and Data Dependency.

UNIT-II: Real Time Scheduling

Common Approaches to Real Time Scheduling: Clock Driven Approach, Weighted
Round Robin Approach, Priority Driven Approach, Dynamic Versus Static Systems, Optimality
of Effective-Deadline-First (EDF) and Least-Slack-Time-First (LST) Algorithms, Rate
Monotonic Algorithm, Offline Versus Online Scheduling, Scheduling Aperiodic and Sporadic
jobs in Priority Driven and Clock Driven Systems.

14
UNIT-III: Resources Sharing
Effect of Resource Contention and Resource Access Control (RAC), Non-preemptive
Critical Sections, Basic Priority-Inheritance and Priority-Ceiling Protocols, Stack Based Priority-
Ceiling Protocol, Use of Priority-Ceiling Protocol in Dynamic Priority Systems, Preemption
Ceiling Protocol, Access Control in Multiple-Unit Resources, Controlling Concurrent Accesses
to Data Objects.

UNIT-IV: Real Time Communication

Basic Concepts in Real time Communication, Soft and Hard RT Communication systems,
Model of Real Time Communication, Priority-Based Service and Weighted Round-Robin
Service Disciplines for Switched Networks, Medium Access Control Protocols for Broadcast
Networks, Internet and Resource Reservation Protocols

UNIT-V: Real Time Operating Systems and Databases

Features of RTOS, Time Services, UNIX as RTOS, POSIX
Issues, Charecteristic of Temporal data, Temporal Consistencey, Concurrency Control,
Overview of Commercial Real Time databases
References:
1. Real Time Systems by Jane W. S. Liu, Pearson Education Publication.
2. Mall Rajib, “Real Time Systems”, Pearson Education
3. Albert M. K. Cheng , “Real-Time Systems: Scheduling, Analysis, and Verification”,
Wiley.

MCA E34 Mobile Computing

Unit – I
Introduction, issues in mobile computing, overview of wireless telephony: cellular concept,
GSM: air-interface, channel structure, location management: HLR-VLR, hierarchical, handoffs,
channel allocation in cellular systems, CDMA, GPRS.

Unit - II
Wireless Networking, Wireless LAN Overview: MAC issues, IEEE 802.11, Blue Tooth,
Wireless multiple access protocols, TCP over wireless, Wireless applications, data broadcasting,
Mobile IP, WAP: Architecture, protocol stack, application environment, applications.

Unit – III
Data management issues, data replication for mobile computers, adaptive clustering for mobile
wireless networks, File system, Disconnected operations.

Unit - IV
Mobile Agents computing, security and fault tolerance, transaction processing in mobile
computing environment.

15
Unit – V
Adhoc networks, localization, MAC issues, Routing protocols, global state routing (GSR),
Destination sequenced distance vector routing (DSDV), Dynamic source routing (DSR), Ad Hoc
on demand distance vector routing (AODV), Temporary ordered routing algorithm (TORA),
QoS in Ad Hoc Networks, applications.

References:
1. J. Schiller, Mobile Communications, Addison Wesley.
2. Charles Perkins, Mobile IP, Addison Wesley.
3. Charles Perkins, Ad hoc Networks, Addison Wesley.
4. Upadhyaya, “Mobile Computing”, Springer

MCA E35 Neural Networks

Unit-I:
Neurocomputing and Neuroscience
Historical notes, human Brain, neuron Mode l, Knowledge representation, Al and NN. Learning
process: Supervised and unsuperv ised learning, Error correction learning,competitive learning,
adaptation, statistical nature of the learning process.

Unit-II:
Data processing
Scaling, normalization, Transformation (FT/FFT), principal component analysis, regression, co-
variance matrix, eigen values & eigen vectors. Basic Models of Artificial neurons, activation
Functions, aggregation function, single neuron computation, multilayer perceptron, least mean
square algorithm, gradient descent rule, nonlinearly separable problems and bench mark
problems in NN.

Unit-III
Multilayered network architecture, back propagation algorithm, heuristics for making BP-
algorithm performs better. Accelerated learning BP (like recursive least square, quick prop,
RPROP algorithm), approximation properties of RBF networks and comparison with multilayer
perceptran.

Unit-IV
Recurrent network and temporal feed-forward network, implementation with BP, self organizing
map and SOM algorithm, properties of feature map and computer simulation. Principal
component and Independent component analysis, application to image and signal processing.

Unit-V
Complex valued NN and complex valued BP, analyticity of activation function, application in
2D information processing. Complexity analysis of network models. Soft
computing. Neuro-Fuzzy-genetic algorithm Integration.

16
References:
1. J.A. Anderson, An Intoduction to Neural Networks, MIT
2. Hagen Demuth Beale, Neural Network Design, Cengage Learning
3. R.L. Harvey, Neural Network Principles, PHI
4. Kosko, Neural Network and Fuzzy Sets, PHI

MCA E36 Pattern Recognition

Unit-I
Introduction: Basics of pattern recognition, Design principles of pattern recognition system,
Learning and adaptation, Pattern recognition approaches, Mathematical foundations – Linear
algebra, Probability Theory, Expectation, mean and covariance, Normal distribution, multivariate
normal densities, Chi squared test.
Unit-II
Statistical Patten Recognition: Bayesian Decision Theory, Classifiers, Normal density and
discriminant functions,

Unit – III
Parameter estimation methods: Maximum-Likelihood estimation, Bayesian Parameter
estimation, Dimension reduction methods - Principal Component Analysis (PCA), Fisher Linear
discriminant analysis, Expectation-maximization (EM), Hidden Markov Models (HMM),
Gaussian mixture models.

Unit - IV
Nonparametric Techniques: Density Estimation, Parzen Windows, K-Nearest Neighbor
Estimation, Nearest Neighbor Rule, Fuzzy classification.

Unit - V
Unsupervised Learning & Clustering: Criterion functions for clustering, Clustering Techniques:
Iterative square - error partitional clustering – K means, agglomerative hierarchical clustering,
Cluster validation.

References:
1. Richard O. Duda, Peter E. Hart and David G. Stork, “Pattern Classification”, 2nd Edition,
John Wiley, 2006.
2. C. M. Bishop, “Pattern Recognition and Machine Learning”, Springer, 2009.
3. S. Theodoridis and K. Koutroumbas, “Pattern Recognition”, 4th Edition, Academic Press,
2009.

17