VEHICLE MOBILITY MODELING AND TIME

ESTIMATION FOR CONNECTIVITY

ANALYSIS IN VANET
KARTHIK N Smt. SNEHA K
M.Tech.,(CNE), CSE Dept., BNMIT Associate Professor, CSE Dept., BNMIT
Karthiksamu5@gmail.com sneha.k30@gmail.com

Abstract The Road based vehicular traffic (RBVT) For an effective and good communication the Road
routing protocol which is a class of routing protocol in VANETs out Side Units [RSUs] must be placed at a distance from which
performs all the existing routing protocols in vehicular ad hoc the vehicles can communicate with it. The number of Road
networks (VANETs). RBVT provides the real time information of Side Units that should be distributed depends on the
vehicle nodes in the traffic by creating road based paths. IEEE communication protocol that is to be used.
802.11 standard which is a set of MAC and physical layer Some protocols may require the Road Side
specification for implementing wireless communication between the
Units[RSUs] to be distributed through the whole road, some
vehicle nodes is used for communication. With the help of this
protocols requires the Road Side Units[RSUs] to be
standard all the real time vehicular information of a vehicle node is
transmitted finding the shortest path from the source node to the distributed only in the road intersections, some may require
destination node via the Road Side Units [RSUs] in the real time the Road Side Units[RSUs] at the region border.
environment. Possible communication in the intelligent transport
Keywords RBVT protocol, VANETs, Road Side Units systems are (a) Inter Vehicle communication, (b) Vehicle to
[RSUs]. Road communication, and (c) Intra Vehicle communication.
I. INTRODUCTION Whatever the type of communication it may be, it should
guarantee fast and reliable delivery of the information to the
Overview of Vehicular ad hoc networks
vehicles and Road Side Units [RSUs].
Vehicular ad hoc networks [VANETs] are one of the
The communication uses technologies and standards
beautiful parts of the intelligent transportation system, which
such as IEEE 802.11 Bluetooth and IEEE 802.15.4 Zigbee
plays a important role.
that will support the wireless communication between the
Each vehicle in the traffic are considered as a nodes
vehicles and the Road Side Units [RSUs].
and which are called as vehicle nodes and each vehicles takes
Inter Vehicle Communication
a role of the sender, receiver and the router to transmit or
broadcast the information to the wireless ad hoc networks or a
transportation agency.
The major advantages of this are, it ensures the safety
of a person, vehicle and free flow of traffic.
The information is broadcasted from the vehicles to
Road Side Units [RSUs] and the base station. For the
communication to occur between vehicles and Road Side
Units [RSUs], some sort of radio interface must be equipped
with the vehicles that enables short range ad hoc wireless
networks and communication.
The vehicles must also provide some exact Figure 1: Inter vehicle communication
information of the position for the purpose the hardware needs
to be fitted to the vehicles.
 The inter vehicle communication configuration uses
multi hop multicast/broadcast to transmit traffic related
information over multiple hops to a group of receivers.
Vehicle to Road side communication
Figure 2: Vehicle to roadside communicate
Vehicle to roadside communication configuration provides a
high bandwidth link between vehicles and roadside units. The
roadside units may be placed every kilometer or less, enabling
high data rates to be maintained in heavy traffic.
For instance, when broadcasting dynamic speed
limits, the roadside unit will determine the appropriate speed
limit according to its internal timetable and traffic conditions
Routing based Communication
Figure 3: Routing based communication
The routing based communication configuration is a
multi hop unicast where a message is propagated in a multi
hop fashion until the vehicle carrying the desired data is
reached
RBVT Protocol
Road based Vehicular traffic [RBVT] protocol is the
communication protocol used in the intelligent transport
system that is VANETs. RBVT protocols take the real time
information of the vehicular traffic for the purpose of creating
road based paths.
RBVT has two types of protocols in creating paths:
(a) Pro-Active protocol (RBVT-P) and (b) Re-Active protocol
(RBVT-R).
LITERATURE SURVEY
Analyses of traditional routing protocols for mobile
ad hoc networks (MANETs) demonstrated that their
performance is poor in VANETs [6], [7]. The main problem
with these protocols, e.g., ad hoc on-demand distance vector
(AODV) [8] and dynamic source routing (DSR) [9], in
VANET environments is their route instability.
The traditional node-centric view of the routes (i.e.,
an established route is a xed succession of nodes between the
source and the destination) leads to frequent broken routes in
the presence of VANETs high mobility. Consequently, many
packets are dropped, and the overhead due to route repairs or
failure notications , signicantly increases, leading to low
delivery ratios and high transmission delays.
This all were MANET protocols were topological
end-to-end paths were created. Predict the life time of routes
and reduce number of route breaks. Couldn't identify road
interactions that were present on the path from source to
destination [1][2][3].
A concept of anchor based routing in sensor
networks was introduced into VANET environments. Source
used to compute the shortest road based paths till the
destination from its current position. Did not consider real
time vehicular traffic and they could not include empty roads
[4].
Routing was done at the MAC layer. A Receiver
based next hop selection was proposed at this layer. The
remaining distance to the destination was minimized [5].
Receiver-based next-hop selection is proposed at the
routing layer (e.g., [29]) and at the MAC layer. In [9], all
neighbours receive the entire packet, but only one neighbour
will rebroadcast it. This neighbour is the one that wins a time-
based contention phase in which the node closest to the
destination is favoured. Minimizing the remaining distance to
the destination is also the objective in [3], [6], and [4], which
operate at the MAC layer
II. METHODOLOGY
Vehicular ad hoc networks [VANETs] are a
technology that uses the moving vehicles on the road as the
nodes and will create a network. VANETs will turn every
vehicle in the road into a node or a wireless router that
transmit the information from one vehicle to another vehicle.
Each and every vehicle in the network can be
connected with each other and can communicate with each
other. The information transmitted from one vehicle to
another vehicle can be any sort of information about vehicles
like vehicle condition, location etc.
The major vehicles that need to be connected to the
networks are police vehicles, fire vehicles and ambulances
that are the major vehicles for safety purpose and it can be the
base station.
 Road Side Units [RSUs] integrated on the roads will
provide all the above information to the base station. Let us
consider an example with the figure of the VANET
architecture as shown in figure.
Let us consider a vehicle A as the source node where
there is a problem in the vehicle A. It will transmit its
information to its next vehicle say Vehicle B and then Vehicle
B to Vehicle C and so on, till it communicates with a Road
Side Unit [RSUs]. The Vehicle A can also communicate with
Road Side Unit [RSUs] or even Vehicle B and Vehicle C can
also communicate with its nearest Road Side Units [RSUs].
Figure 4: Existing VANET Architecture
The Road Side Units [RSUs] will store a copy of the
information received from the vehicles and transmit the same
to the base station which will be near to that of Road Side
Units [RSUs], so that the rescue or help will come for the
source vehicle A.
This are all in the present existing VANET, in this
paper not only the information about vehicles, the vehicles
starting time is estimated, the range between the vehicles and
Road Side Units [RSUs] are calculated, the speed of the node,
arrival time, departure time of the node and wait time of the
nodes are also calculated, which in turn provides an improved
quality of service and also mobility which is major concern in
every wireless networks and also is improved.
When an accident occurs the metal sensor in a
module senses the accident occurred and then automatically
the node itself sends a information about the condition to all
nodes in a particular area
Figure 5: Vehicles attached with hardwares and flow of
communication
. All the information about the VANETs calculated
before implementing in real time environment, all data to
be calculated are first estimated in the form simulation
using a open tool Mat lab and the data is tested in the real
time with help of hardwares fitted the vehicles.
Both the simulation details and the real time details
shows the advances in the Vehicular ad hoc networks.
The vehicles will be attached with microcontrollers.
In case of any emergency the node will transmit its
information to the nearest vehicles and road side units. The
information from the road side units will be sent to the server
and copy of information is stored in road side units also.
The vehicles nodes speed time, arrival time,
departure time and waiting time is also is calculated from the
source node to the destination node and the mobility and
quality of service is also improved.
Two nodes and a single base station is used. Fig
indicates node 1 and shows node 2. These 2 nodes are
involved in a vehicular ad-hoc networking and a base station
as super node interfaced to the system in the network and is
shown in fig.
During emergency conditions if one node sends a
data, other node receives it this node can bypass a message to
the base station, in turn it sends a data to other nodes or to the
mail ids provided to it using Internet.
Any node in the network involved in any emergency
conditions, it can sends a data or information to all other
nodes in a network by just pressing a particular button.
III. CONCLUSION
 The information is transmitted from one vehicle to
another vehicle when any accident occurs and in turn the
acknowledgement is also received by the vehicles. From one
vehicle to another vehicle the information is transmitted to the
nearest road side units. Form the road side units the
information will be transmitted to the base station where the
information is need to stored. The vehicle starting time, range
between vehicles and road side units, speed of the vehicle
node, arrival time of the node, departure time of the node and
wait time of the node are achieved.
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