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Preventive Care
- Includes health services like screening, check-ups and patient counseling that are used to prevent
illness, disease and other health problems
- Covers the primary and secondary level of disease prevention
Blood-Related Diseases
1. Full Blood Count
- broad screening test to check for such disorders as anaemia, infection, and many other
diseases
- a panel of tests that examines different parts of the blood and includes the following:
D. Haemoglobin
- measures the amount of oxygen-carrying protein in the blood
E. Haematocrit
- measures the amount of space red blood cells take up in the blood
F. Platelet count
- number of platelets in a given volume of blood. Both increases and decreases
can point to bleeding or bone marrow disorders
Musculoskeletal Diseases
1. Uric Acid
- chemical produced when your body breaks down foods that contain organic compounds
called purines
- high levels of uric acid indicates gout, a common form of arthritis
2. Vitamin D Level
- essential for promotes calcium absorption in the gut and maintains adequate serum calcium
and phosphate concentrations to enable normal mineralization of bone
- play a role in the prevention and treatment of a number of different conditions, including
type1 and type 2 diabetes, hypertension, glucose intolerance, and multiple sclerosis
Endocrine Diseases
1. Thyroid Stimulating Hormone
- the test of choice for evaluating thyroid function and/or symptoms of a thyroid disorder,
including hyperthyroidism or hypothyroidism
Digestive Diseases
1. Abdominal/Pelvic Ultrasound
- imaging test used to look at organs in the abdomen, including the liver, gallbladder, spleen,
pancreas, kidneys, the blood vessels that lead to some of these organs, such as the inferior
vena cava and aorta
D. Albumin
- measures how well the liver produces the protein responsible for maintaining osmotic
pressure in the blood
- A low result indicates that the liver isnt functioning properly
E. Total Bilirubin
- helps determine the cause of jaundice and/or help diagnose conditions such as liver
disease, hemolytic anemia, and blockage of the bile ducts
a. Direct Bilirubin (Conjugated)
- formed in the liver when sugars are attached to bilirubin
- enters the bile and passes from the liver to the small intestines and is
eventually eliminated in the stool
- not normally present in the blood
b. Indirect (Unconjugated Bilirubin)
- product of the heme part breakdown of hemoglobin
- binds to proteins and comes back to the liver
- small amounts may be present in the blood
Diabetes Mellitus
1. Fasting Blood Glucose
- measures the amount of a sugar called glucose in a sample of blood
- used to screen for diabetes and to monitor people who are already diagnosed with diabetes
2. Creatinine
- chemical waste molecule that is generated from muscle metabolism
- produced from creatine (a molecule of major importance for energy production in muscles)
and then converted to creatinine
- transported through the bloodstream to the kidneys for filter and disposal of in the urine
- abnormally high levels warn of possible malfunction or failure of the kidneys
3. Potassium
- used as part of an electrolyte panel or basic metabolic panel for a routine physical
- may be used to help diagnose and/or monitor kidney disease, the most common cause of
level in the bloodstream
- may be measured when there are symptoms involving the heart
4. Urea Nitrogen
- primarily used, along with the creatinine test, to evaluate kidney function
- Urea is a waste product formed in the liver when protein is metabolized, it is released by the
liver into the blood and is carried to the kidneys, where it is filtered out of the blood and
released into the urine
- Increased levels result when the kidneys cannot filter wastes out of the blood due to disease
or damage
Malignant Neoplasms
1. Mammogram
- specific type of breast imaging that uses low-dose x-rays to detect cancer early before
women experience symptoms when it is most treatable
Cardiovascular Diseases
1. ECG (Electrocardiography)
- a test that measures the electrical activity of the heart
- helps to find the cause of symptoms of heart disease
B. Triglycerides
- used to help identify an individual's risk of developing heart disease
- used to monitor people who have risk factors for heart disease, those who have
had a heart attack, or those who are being treated for high lipid and/or high
triglyceride levels
C. Low-Density Lipoprotein
- considered to be undesirable and is often called "bad" cholesterol
- it deposits excess cholesterol in blood vessel walls and contributes to hardening
of the arteries and heart disease
- considered the most important form in determining risk of heart disease
- helps determine what treatment is needed if there is borderline or high risk or
to monitor the effectiveness of treatment once it is initiated
D. High-Density Lipoprotein
- considered to be beneficial and is called "good" cholesterol
- it removes excess cholesterol from tissues and carries it to the liver for disposal
- used to monitor the effectiveness of treatment for unhealthy lipid levels