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Published in IET Power Electronics
Received on 8th April 2013
Revised on 10th June 2014
Accepted on 14th July 2014
doi: 10.1049/iet-pel.2013.0524

ISSN 1755-4535

Shunt active power filter with enhanced dynamic

performance using novel control strategy
Zhenfeng Xiao1, Xiangtian Deng2, Rongxiang Yuan2, Pilong Guo3, Qijuan Chen1
1
Hunan Electric Power Corporation Economical & Technical Research Institute, Changsha, 410004, Peoples Republic of
China
2
School of Electrical Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, Peoples Republic of China
3
College of Electrical Engineering and New Energy, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002,
Peoples Republic of China
E-mail: zf_xiao@whu.edu.cn

Abstract: To realise the accurate and real-time compensation of the harmonics of a power system, this study proposes a novel
control strategy for shunt active power lter (SAPF), adopting the composite strategy of neural network proportional-integral (PI)
control and dual-repetitive controller (DRC). In DRC, one repetitive controller is used to ensure current tracking accuracy and the
other one is used to enhance dynamic response. The neural network PI control is adopted to improve response speed by turning
the PI parameters adaptively and setting optimisation parameters online. Through the optimisation of this approach and the
rational conguration of the hardware and software systems, the SAPF could achieve rapid dynamic response with high
tracking accuracy and excellent compensation performance. A 100 kVA industrial prototype active power lter has been
developed by using this control strategy. System compensation could effectively reduce the total harmonic distortion
values from 26 to 27.7%, 27.6 to 4.25% and 4.57 to 4.35% for each phase of the current. The full response time of the
system is < 10 ms.

1 Introduction parameters mentioned above are obtained according to the

An active power lter (APF) has been extensively examined
and recently applied as an effective means to suppress grid
harmonics and inactive power disturbances [1]. APF is one
of the most important harmonic suppression and reactive
power compensation device of power electronic devices.
Common harmonic detection methods are mostly based on
the instantaneous power theory [1, 2]. The principle of this
method is to subtract the fundamental current from the load
current, which aims to obtain all harmonic currents for
compensation. This traditional detection method has been
widely used. However, considering the inherent delay of
current control, voltage control and proportional-integral
(PI) control, the traditional control method is insufcient
because of its unsatisfactory compensation effects, such that
harmonic current compensation is only partially
accomplished. When the traditional P control and PI control
based on pulse-width modulation (PWM) technology is
widely applied to the APF system [3, 4], the closed-loop
gain system is restrained by stability conditions, which
results in inadequate main harmonic compensation and thus
failing to achieve a better harmonic compensation effect. To
solve the problems mentioned above, the literature [5] puts
forward the generalised integral PI controller, the literature
[6] designed the integrator backstepping PI controller and
the literature [7] designed the iterative PI controller to
realise the control of APF. However, the controller
experience, thus it is unable to obtain the optimal values of
the parameters. Moreover, the controller parameters after
selection are xed, but in the actual system, as the
non-linear load changes and the grid parameters uctuation
occurs, APF working conditions will also change, which
causes the real tracking time to extend, the compensation
precision reduction and the difculty of achieving good
control effect.
Using the repetitive control method is an effective
approach for APF control, which is mostly based on single
repetitive control (SRC). Based on the internal model
principle [8], SRC is found to be zero-error controller for
the tracking or elimination of harmonics for PWM
converters [913] and active lters [1416].
However, SRC has a response time of one repetitive period
delay. A longer repetitive period results in slower dynamic
response and wider compensated bandwidth. Chang et al. [17]
mentioned that when SRC are employed to reduce harmonic
errors, non-harmonic error components are often amplied,
which would affect the speed of harmonic compensation
performance. Thus, the use of SRC for compensation cannot
easily achieve satisfactory harmonic compensation
performance and dynamic response speed. In the literature
[18], the composite control mode combined the effective PI
control with the conventional repetitive control is put
forward to control the harmonic compensation of APF and
the good steady-state performance as well as the dynamic

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performance has been achieved. In the literature [19], the PI
control and the repetitive control are connected in series,
which is applied to the current loop control of PWM
rectier and also has a good dynamic response speed and a
good tracking effect. In the literature [20], the PI control
and the repetitive control system are put forward. From the
aspects of stability analysis, it is necessary to consider
multiple parameters of PI controller and repetitive
controller, and the optimal parameter is selected through
many tests. However, it fails to further dene the optimal
parameter. To improve the system dynamic characteristics,
the literature [21] puts forward a kind of repetitive
controller only for odd harmonic elimination, which has
certain enlightening signicance. The literature [22] puts
forward a dual-mode structured repetitive controller,
constructing repetitive control structures for the odd
harmonic elimination and the even harmonic elimination,
respectively, to achieve better dynamic response and better
tracking precision. In the literature [23], after studying the
conventional repetitive control, it points out that in the
practical system, as the repetitive controller proceeds, the
system harmonic error will increase and the conventional
single repetition cannot overcome such inherent errors.
Adopting dual-mode repeat structure to control system is an
effective method, for it can not only eliminate each
fundamental frequency error but also save system memory
and enhance the error convergence speed, having a good
dynamic response speed. As a result, it has a great research
signicance to apply the double repetitive control combined
with a variety of control mode to realise faster dynamic
response speed and better tracking precision.
Considering these facts, this paper aims to improve the
real-time performance, accuracy and dynamic response
speed of harmonic compensation and proposes a
combinational strategy of dual-repetitive control and neural
network PI control of the APF, which not only achieves a
complete solution to inherent system delay, but also detects
the harmonic current accurately in real time with a
favourable compensation effect and fast dynamic response
speed. This control strategy has been successfully applied to
a 100 kVA APF. The validity of the proposed method is
veried through specic simulation and comparative eld
tests with harmonic resources.
Fig. 1 Schematic diagram of SAPF
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2 System configuration
Fig. 1 shows the overall structure of the three-phase four-wire
APF. The topology structure compensates the unbalanced and
balanced loads concurrently. In Fig. 1, the Cdc capacitor is
used as the dc electrical energy storage device; the parallel
RC lters the high-frequency ripple of the inverter; isaisbisc
are the grid-side currents; ilailbilc are the load currents.
Fig. 1 shows that a leg was added to the three-phase
four-leg APF based on the three-phase three-wire APF,
which is connected to one of the neutral wires in the
three-phase four-wire APF to provide a pathway for the
zero-sequence current. The added leg directly controls
the current and voltage at the neutral point. The increased
freedom generates three independent voltages from the
three-phase four-leg APF, thus enabling the output of the
unbalanced current to compensate for the imbalance.
Therefore the three-phase four-leg structure has a certain
advantage relative to the increasing dc-bus current utility
and output voltage waveform quality over the midpoint
structure of the capacitor.
The APF control function module is shown in Fig. 2. This
module adopts the random harmonic current detection of
predictive compensation control, a combination of PI
control and DRC, and closed-loop voltage control of the
dc-side. The harmonic detection part can directly detect the
specied order harmonic and consequently perform a
specic order compensation and full compensation. The
combination part enhances the track precision of both even
and odd harmonics. Closed-loop voltage control of the
dc-side ensures that the dc-side capacitor voltage is within
the specied voltage range.
3 Current control design
Current control is the key to achieving good compensation
performance and effective system control. A PI controller
could immediately adjust the tracking error with a good
capability to eliminate dc errors with fair tracking accuracy.
Repetitive control has advantages of zero steady-state error
tracking and low output distortion, but dynamic response
speed is slow. Although the conventional SRC could
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stability condition of the closed-loop system is given by
 
1 K Z k S(z)P(z) , 1 (2)
r

where z = ejwT, and T represents the sampling time.

For the system in Fig. 3, we can assume that have a
relationship with the fundamental frequency

v = 2pfm, 0 , v , p/T (3)

where m is a natural number.

zN = ejvTN = cos(vTN ) + j sin(vTN ) (4)

Substituting (3) into (4) yields

zN = cos[2pm(fTN )) + j sin(2pm(fTN )] (5)

Fig. 2 Control module diagram of SAPF From the design of the repetitive controller, N = 1/( fT), such
that
eliminate the steady-state error to improve the compensation
effect, the non-harmonic errors and one repetitive period zN = cos(2pm) + j sin(2pm) = 1 (6)
delay still exist. Therefore this paper adopts a combinational
strategy of adaptive PI control and improved DRC to Substituting (6) into (1) yields
achieve a good compensation effect and rapid dynamic  
response speed.  e(z) 
 
d(z) = 0 (7)

From the foregoing, the improved repetitive controller can

3.1 Dual-repetitive controller eliminate any order harmonics. An important factor for
steady accuracy is the evaluation of Q(z). When Q(z) = 1,
The internal mode of a conventional repetitive controller can the system will reach a critical stable state [24]. In
be described as [1/(1 zN)]zN. This paper changes this conventional repetitive control, through the detection of
formula into [1/(1 Q(z) zN)]zN and adds compensator errors between the actual output and signal, the errors are
KrZkS(z). e(z) is the error function, Q(z) represents the integrated cycle by cycle. The error information is then
feedback gain of the internal mode, Kr denotes the gain used as basis for the output of suitable control quantity
channel, Zk refers to the correction for lag and S(z) stands when the errors become negligible. However, a
for the low-pass lter. The repetitive controller and control conventional repetitive controller has a power frequency
object can be combined into a complete repetitive system. period that inuences the dynamic response speed of the
For the set analysis of the conventional repetitive control whole system. Moreover, the system design has an inherent
system, we set r(z) = 0 to obtain the function of errors e(z) model error that may make the system unstable. To address
and the disturbance d(z) as well as to study the effect of this issue, this article proposes the insertion of Kx and Ky in
disturbance. front of the compound controller. By adjusting the
distribution of Kx and Ky, the PI controller can determine
the proportion of DRC needed to ensure the dynamic
e(z) 1 response. By contrast, with the guarantee of stabilisation,
=


d(z) 1 + z / 1 Q(z)zN Kr Z k S(z)P(z)
N the use of the parameters of Kx and Ky will cause Q(z) to be
closer to 1. As shown in Fig. 4, this result enables the
1 + Q(z)zN compound system to achieve rapid and stable current control.
= (1)
1 zN (Q(z)
Kr Z k S(z)P(z)) This compound strategy places these two optimisation
repetitive controllers into the feedback loop in parallel,
where ZN denotes the delay link, KrZkS(z) represents the
We can assume that Q(z) = 1 and P(z) remain stable. Thus, the compensator, P(z) stands for the control object, e(z) is the

Fig. 3 Conventional repetitive control system

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Fig. 4 Improved DRC

error function, r(z) is the reference input, N1 and N2 present
the sampling numbers of one cycle. From Fig. 4, the passed
function of error can be obtained. (see (8))
We can also assume that
 
A(z) = 1 (Q(z) Kx Kr Z k S(z)C(z))zNx
 
1 (Q(z) Ky Kr Z k S(z)C(z))zNy (9)
Kx Ky (Kr Z k S(z)C(z))2 zNx zNy
B(z) = (10)
A(z)
C(z) = PI(z)P(z)/(1 + PI(z)P(z)) (11)
From the foregoing and Formula (7), we can conclude that
{1 + PI(z)P(z)} A(z) {1 B(z)} = 0 (12)
Based on (12), the proposed controller can be considered as
stable if the following conditions are met:
   
 
Condition 1: Q(z) Kx  1 and Q(z) Ky  1.
uctuation of the parameters of the electricity system is
large, PI parameters cannot be revised promptly. Thus,
satisfactory results cannot be achieved. Although the use of
a neural network adaptive PI controller can improve the
precision of the tracking error and response speed, an ideal
control effect cannot be achieved because of the limitations
of the PI controller control principle. To mitigate the
limitations of traditional PI controllers, a new neural
network adaptive PI controller is designed. In the new
design, the PI controller is used to place the controlled
object directly within the closed loop. The parameters Kx
and Ky of the controller shall be set by the neural network
online. Based on the system running state, the neural
network, through self-learning and adjustment of the weight
number, sets the parameters of PI controller online to
achieve the optimal performance indicators.
A back propagation (BP) neural network is used as the
neural network adaptive PI controller. The network
structure is shown in Fig. 5. The input layer of a BP neural
network has three nodes, namely, the directive current ic ,

Condition 2:
 
 (Kx Ky )2 
 
 1
(1/Q(z) (1 Kx2 )) (1/Q(z) (1 Ky2 ))
2 2

As such, the concrete approach is given by:

Step 1: Set the value of Q(z) close to 1.

Step 2: Choose a suitable lag revising component Zk and
second-order lter to form the compensator KrZkS(z).
Step 3: Choose suitable gains Kx and Ky. Higher gains
facilitate faster error convergence speed and lower
steady-state error, but smaller stability margin.

3.2 Neural network adaptive PI control

The PI parameters of the traditional PI controller are xed.

Thus, when the system load changes or when the Fig. 5 BP neural network

e(z) 1
=
r(z) 1 + [1 + Gx (z) + Gy (z)]PI(z)P(z)
1
= 


 N



 (8)
1+ 1+ Kx zNx / 1 Q(z)zNx + Ky z y / 1 Q(z)zNy Kr Z k S(z) PI(z)P(z)

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Fig. 6 Diagram of compound current controller in the q-axis

Fig. 7 Diagram of the compound current controller in the d-axis

the actual output harmonic current ic and the error e. The The non-negative sigmoid function of is used as the excitation
output layer has two nodes, namely, the proportion function
coefcient Kx and integral coefcient of the PI controller.
Meanwhile, it is the hidden layer that has ve nodes. ex
Therefore continuous learning can be achieved through the g(x) = (17)
ex + ex
weight numbers of the two layers to modify the nal output
proportional coefcient Kx and integral coefcient Ky of the The output is given by
neural network, to achieve the optimal conguration and the
online setting of the PI controller parameters by the neural
network [25]. Kx = g(Nl ), l = 1, 2 (18)
The order ic , ic, e is the input of the neural network, kx and
The performance indicator function is taken as
ky are the outputs of the neural network output layer, (i = 1, 2,
3, j = 1,, 5) represents the weight value of the input layer to
the hidden layer and bij (j = 1, . . . , 5, l = 1, 2) is the 1
J (k) = [ic (k) ic (k)]2 (19)
weight value of the hidden layer to the output layer. Thus, 2
we can obtain the input of the hidden layer of the neural
network as follows To achieve the minimum error using the above formula, the
gradient descent method is used to correct the weight

3 numbers between the layers. According to J(k), the negative
Hj = wij xi , j = 1, . . . , 5 (13)
i=1
Table 1 Simulation parameters
The Sigmoid function of the positive and negative symmetry
System parameters Value
is used for the excitation function of hidden layer neurons
supply voltages (phase 220 V
ex ex voltage)
f (x) = x (14)
e + ex compensation capability 100 kVA
system load three-phase unbalanced load with
rectifier bridge
The output is given by DC-link voltage 750 V
DC-link storage capacitor 9600 F
Qj = f (Hj ), j = 1, . . . , 5 (15) LCL filter Lf = 0.315 mH, Lg = 0.035 mH,
C = 80 F
switching mode PWM mode
Similarly, the input of the output layer can be obtained as switching frequency 12.5 kHz
type of neural network BP neural network

5 feedback gain of internal Qz = 0.95
Nl = b jl Qj , l = 1, 2 (16) model
parameter prefix (Kx, Ky) Kx = 0.5, Ky = 0.5
j=1

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Fig. 8 Simulation results of unbalanced three-phase grid-side currents before compensation

Fig. 9 Simulation results of the steady-state performance with different control strategies
a Simulation current waves and spectrum with the conventional strategy
b Simulation current waves and spectrum with the novel strategy

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Table 2 Compensation parameters of load-side currents
Grid-side parameters Load current before change Load current after sudden change

before compensation fundamental current 113.6 A 460.2 A

THDi 47.10% 19.22%
using conventional strategy fundamental current 113.6 A 368.4 A
THDi 5.11% 7.66%
using novel strategy fundamental current 113.6 A 353 A
THDi 3.18% 0.97%

gradient direction of the weight number is identied and
adjusted, after which an inertia item is introduced to
facilitate a rapid search to converge to the global minimum.
Thus, we can obtain the allowance of the weight value of
the hidden layer to the output layer.
where is the learning rate, and is the inertia coefcient.
Consequently, the learning algorithm of the input layer to
hidden layer can be derived as follows
Dwij (k) = aDwij (k 1)dj xi (k) (21)

J (k)
2
Db jl (k) = h + aDb jl (k 1) (20) dj W f [Hj (k)] dl b jl (k) (22)
b jl l=1

Fig. 10 Simulation results of dynamic response performance with different control strategies
a Actual output waveform with conventional strategy
b Actual output waveform with novel strategy
c Current tracking errors with conventional strategy
d Current tracking errors with novel strategy

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Fig. 10 Continued
The real-time adjustment of the weight value of the neural
network can be used to realise the adaptive setting of the PI
controller parameters, to fast track the current change
instruction, and to improve tracking precision. As such, the
output of the control is expressed as
Du(k) = kx (e(k) e(k 1)) + ky e(k) (23)
In conclusion, the algorithm of the adaptive PI controller of
the neural network is given by:
Step 1: Determine the structure of the BP neural network to
derive the initial value of the weighting coefcient of each
layer. Then, select the learning rate and inertia coefcient .
Step 2: Derive the current actual output current ic and BP
neural network of ic through sampling. Then, calculate the
input, output of each layer and the output Kx and Ky of the
NN output layer of each neuron.
Step 3: Learn the network weights of the neural network and
adjust the weighting coefcient w1ij (k) and w2ij (k) online to
achieve the control parameters of PI adaptive adjustment.
Step 4: Enter into the next sampling period, and then return to
Step (2).
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3.3 Neural network adaptive PI control combined
with DRC
This article is based on the neural network adaptive PI controller.
This controller parallels the DRC and uses the repetitive
controller to achieve zero static error tracking in theory. With
the use of the neural network adaptive PI controller for the
online real-time adaptive setting, system tracking speed and
tracking accuracy can be improved. This controller comprises
the PI controller, adaptive neural network, DRC, the parallel
neural network adaptive PI controller and repetitive controller
in the forward channel of the control system. Jointly, these
components determine the output of the system.
Figs. 6 and 7 show the structural diagram of the composite
controller in the d, q axis. Given that the neural network
adaptive PI controller is based on switching frequency
movements and that the adjustment of the DRC is based on
the fundamental wave cycle, the response speed varies, and
the two controllers decouple over time. Thus, the control
performances of these controllers in the steady state are
independent of each other. When a break occurs in the
command signal, the track of the desired output is
unrestricted by the DRC. The DRC only inhibits the
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changes, the new control strategy is exhibiting a better
compensation effect than that of the traditional control
strategy (Figs. 8 and 9; Table 2).
The above waveforms show that the compensation
performance of these two control methods can be used as
basis for harmonic compensation. However, the proposed
control strategy can deal with the current peak (current
spikes) better by completely eliminating the sharp and
irregular current peak with a more stable and better
compensation effect.
Fig. 10 shows the waveforms of the command current and
output current of the inverter from 0 to 0.35 s. From the
simulation waveforms, the conventional method could reach
basic current tracking capability in 0.25 s with some
tracking errors when the unbalanced loads began to change.
However, the novel strategy could achieve satisfactory
current tracking effect in 0.225 s with zero error, especially
when unbalanced loads began to change. Overall, better
compensation performance and fast dynamic response can
be achieved by using the novel current controller.

5 Experimental and industrial application

results
5.1 Experiment design

Fig. 11 Experimental system photos of SAPF The experimental setup for SAPF was developed as shown in
Figs. 1 and 2. Test-rig photographs of SAPF are shown in
controlled object to the tracking error of the original
instruction if such object is regarded as an originally stable
system [26]. The repetitive controller can be regarded as a
parallel part that detects the repetitive tracking error of the
original system. Through superposition correction on the
original error, this error is reduced, and the DRC will not
affect the output of the neural network adaptive PI controller.
When the system shows a large disturbance, the tracking
error suddenly becomes larger, such that the neural network
adaptive PI controller is subjected to a break in the tracking
error and is immediately affected. The controller then
facilitates the learning setting of PI parameters online and
adjusts the output. However, given that DRC has a delay in
the fundamental wave cycle, the DRC is not immediately
involved in regulation. When the system is under
steady-state operation, the tracking error of the system is
small, such that the control action of neural network
adaptive PI controller is minimal. Meanwhile, most of the
adjustment is provided by the DRC. Therefore, this
composite control strategy uses the DRC to improve the
steady-state output compensation precision of the system
and employs the neural network adaptive PI controller to
improve the system dynamic characteristics and cause the
system to eventually achieve steady dynamic characteristics.

4 Simulation results
To verify the feasibility of the novel control strategy for shunt
active power lter (SAPF), the simulation experiments change
the system load suddenly in time of 0.2 s. Simulations are
conducted in a MATLAB/Simulink environment. The
parameters of the main system are given in Table 1.
The use of the traditional current control strategy (when the Fig. 12 Test-rig photograph
load is unchanged) can compensate the system total harmonic
a Front view
distortion (THD) from 40 to 4.46% to achieve a certain effect. b System load
A new current control strategy can also compensate THD to c Main board
be 1.364%, which has a better effect. When the system load d System debug

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Fig. 13 Overall structure of APF prototype
Figs. 11 and 12. The experimental facilities comprise a 100
kVA three-phase four-wire SAPF, variable harmonic
sources and static harmonics source. Based on the
simulation model, the specic APF system hardware design
has a relatively clear theoretical framework. The control
system adopts the core processor TMS320F28335 to
exchange data and monitor real-time performance.
Moreover, APF adopts the dual digital signal processing
(DSP) parallel processing system based on the data
exchange mode. One component of TMS320F28335 is
responsible for signal acquisition, data communication and
error detection. The other component of TMS320F28335 is
used for controlling algorithm. To prevent conict when
accessing the same address, the APF system exibly uses a
dual-RAM port as a medium of data exchange between two
DSPs. The hardware circuit consists of the power supply
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and protection circuit, clock circuit, external circuit, digital-
to-analog (D/A) circuit and so on. The main power circuit
adopts a neutral-point clamped topology, using a discrete
component design to reduce costs. The Insulated Gate
Bipolar Transistor (IGBT) component uses FF300R12KT4
(Inneon Company), and the driver module uses
2QD15A17 K-C (Fig. 13).
5.2 Experiment results
The APF system adopts the Code Composer Studio to
perform programming and debugging. Experimental data
are acquired and analysed using HIOKI PQA-HiView PRO
9624-50 power quality analyser and AGILENT
oscilloscopes. Considering the presence of uncertain factors
during the experiment, load parameters are limited. The
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Fig. 14 Waveform of currents before compensation
experimental spectrum is shown in Figs. 14 and 15. The result
parameters are shown in Tables 3 and 4.
Table 3 shows the parameters of grid-side currents, and
Table 4 shows the parameters of the full response time of
APF. Detailed parameters are shown in both Tables 3 and
4, from which we can nd that with the application of APF,
system compensation with conventional repetitive control
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can reduce the THD values from 28.74 to 8.93%. However,
with the novel control method the grid-side current of phase
A could effectively reduce from 28.74 to 4.62%. In the eld
test, the precision of the response time and speed of the
Agilent oscilloscope were also considered. Further
measurement was conducted on the total full response time
with the built-in function of the APF equipment designed in
this paper. Full response time, which differs from transient
response time, is dened as the time required to lter the
harmonics out of the power grid after the application of
harmonic load. A shorter full response time results in
higher tracking speed, but more difculties encountered in
APF design. The experiment scheme is as follows: the load
harmonic is suddenly applied or removed (1090% rated
current, 90% rated current). The compensating output
harmonic and reactive current of the devices are from 0 to
90% of the target value, and the time consumed is 15 ms.
During the process, overshoot is not generated. During the
trial, the setting device is running under the automatic
compensation mode, and the initiating device is under the
setting output mode under 10% of the rated current to
achieve stable operation. We then set 90% of the rated

Fig. 15 Waveform of currents after compensation with different control strategies

a Waveform of currents after compensation with conventional control strategy
b Waveform of currents after compensation with novel control strategy

Table 3 Compensation parameters of grid-side currents

Harmonic order and total Before compensation Using conventional control Using novel control
harmonic distortion THDi, % strategy THDi, % strategy THDi, %
A (phase) A (phase) A (phase)

5 9.11 1.89 0.58

7 4.53 0.96 0.51
11 3.62 0.58 0.50
13 2.40 0.84 0.19
17 2.13 0.56 0.44
19 1.56 0.60 0.22
THD 28.74 8.93 4.62

Table 4 Full response time of APF

Full response time of APF

using conventional strategy switch-on with conventional strategy 1 = Bx Ax = 20.021091 ms

switch-off with conventional strategy 2 = Bx Ax = 29.83927 ms
using novel strategy switch-on with novel strategy 1 = Bx Ax = 5.818384 ms
switch-off with novel strategy 2 = Bx Ax = 9.81838 ms

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Fig. 16 Dynamic response performance of APF with novel
strategy when switch-on
Fig. 17 Dynamic response performance of APF with novel
strategy when switch-off
Fig. 18 Dynamic response of APF with conventional strategy
when switch-on
current. From 90% of the rated current, the value returns to
10%. We use an oscilloscope to measure the harmonic
current response time of the abrupt cast and abrupt cut of
the harmonic current.
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& The Institution of Engineering and Technology 2014
Fig. 19 Dynamic response of APF with conventional strategy
when switch-off
As shown in Figs. 1619, the full response time is the
measurement length between Ax and Bx. Based on the
parameters presented, 5.818384 and 9.81838 ms were for
the APF system to switch on and off, respectively. The
response time required for both are <10 ms, which indicates
that excellent tracking speed was achieved and that the
system could meet the requirements of rapidly uctuating
load. However, the use of the conventional strategy
consumed 20.021091 and 29.83927 ms for the APF system
to suddenly switch on and off, respectively, which does not
meet the standard.
Thus, adopting the improved predictive harmonic current
closed-loop control strategy and a combination of neural
network PI control and DRC improved the compensation
precision and dynamic response speed of APF to a certain
extent. Experimental results also fullled the requirement of
system stability and met the standards of IEEE-519 [27].
6 Conclusion
The article proposed a three-phase four-wire SAPF that
employs a combinational strategy of adaptive PI control and
improved DRC. The adoption of the combination strategy
of adaptive PI control and DRC improved the APF dynamic
response speed and enhanced the capability to eliminate the
transient current. The use of this compound control strategy
in an industrial prototype simulation and eld test showed
that system compensation could effectively reduce the THD
values from 28.74 to 26.76%, 27.60 to 4.62% and 4.57 to
4.35% for each phase of the current. The full response
times are all <10 ms, fully meeting the standard of
IEEE-519. This scheme has certain economic benets and
is thus of great signicance.
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