Erzilia LOZNEANL Fizica nucleara NY =Referent inti Prof. Miksi TOMA, Conf. de: Dumitru ALEXANDROAEL Lest de, Dan MIAILESCU PREFATA Fin nucle se ocypa cu stil propeietirs a isereinor tele Reale descent da acest domeniy aust eon {Hb inact pond saps cos din rile Somer ale sine! pec ‘Supa creninentlr de feere De exerp racer spl tn dome foe ete cum a feds (nde rdoiaop st fla in od rent pent dngosicrea strain sor bol) 5 ema (unde se ‘asurtort e pose densa sar radatilormclas. Uslases {Sapir radicct ca treo! In invesiaile chine ale eacuror rolealre complice a conmbult la scelcatenprogreniut canna in est omen, Rezonaniamagoecs mele enews petr Hil ‘Stil ectormuleare ne rt mod in ere prose corsa in ste cum a fot sete lemense pinto mulioine de grote mcleare poste In dere stad de cvolufe a slelae Expesinene de Iabrwtar nea fuiza ifrmall crest late fy presen pent determin temperatura ia ctl Sour Reale mclne sunt tae on descopenen pela pen deersnsren conn miss Reactor de fisine prac Iv prezet o cantite mare de ence eect vor sigue In wit, Ineo mas ot al ae, neg ere fen. Se spe ee Vor gi salu en genera energie in encod tn acca Get Combi esl in priors ‘efrioare is seta tases tome formas dimessunle ars, "ransom pe car Te pot sue melee ath md ttl i fur ombud lor eu parce sau ca micee mal owe avind ene cnc ime. Penrobtinere anor sual de infra st ncesaremstrmene ‘eve st meade de creel aboase Cul deff propune 3 fee Starr note meas In aces sens ab invete lve Bosse noi ‘Cra se ndeseas tani de Is tate specie din cada cla de Fine, imill esc 1 pil, Pin cil carne o peste « rope general le uccl stom Alden Sta pei en ie hs seperti omic STaloctvratn Unmoae do epic secede deh tor tense de mi sl pete ea Cato dtc esa sebacea pe incratuns rliaior mbm copia Prete al grocese de natin «maior ess ae it [snc esctrrde aa resell capil Vn ate tsccres pani de intone dtr ta larg wea 8 Prenton spl tn faa enegior ae exe vor Press ead uni capitol Slit paral ementare Captote VI Vil eapend modte nt for niclare. Taster aestor sec te tat lt enomenlogia dere te ttn. news opt eve un cu de fe pena Capt Vee sibs rate ticle. Access tale in punt de vdee cnet, pe bcs eglor A: consraregrcrle 9 slr opeice iran nize ‘nc de vedere al tant ie sts eee fy al ‘Su snc pres ir pe acl viet sce ec cre ‘0 npn deeb Prine asst se Suna reaeie pin ere 8 ‘Escopentaoctinen ata act de sear rat ce con Skences cement route Urner ape tazect ferret Sci we ue dnt ats en gan Capa 1 Frei dn ech mci goeone Jeet: fauns anes clr’. Uti capil ovine e peste sue pep de fonction a sneer de pal, nrmete ce at persone a pote cu eee stent de mare pent prude nko be {aman forat despre situs prope ser Face ule et un omni are van Sect de ues. rin fein, (4-2 lem, azn 6 =e unde my exe mas poor; mse sa aero Rete za mace Miata Tamil ire srcne cient, Aces ive de mash oat f ‘Sua eect dis spt eoegee t derinegra beta patie a mclela GZS rpdeoacetn neste AMC = Ime Bae unde eet ints nxn rit bet. Deeise putes “ -i be a San, Rezujle au cond cos mul (5) peur a nce 1.7 Momente cintice sl mingeeie nucene. Strctara hipefink specttar Despicrealnifor dest Sin sma mute i pete fore propia prt denotes Ge sucrsKpeein a pectrelr. Peay ‘pores act espe bcc un ode sent eet expe ‘eres desist Dp us ae, arta ia seta fat rglicam crouse umn stb nau moment cntc propa © wat sient pyc pop loons casera inaction pa into ante tt kes tamer et pp mph fe acs campeon re de sac oul unde seat mle ‘evict intaci corepund eas Wy =H Fin =u sor Hoh nde 7 erent spinal mle jis ay) ir J ete moment cinta allel nomic ji erezin momenta usHysosid) (1.10) nape ule ct pois moment magnetic totaal mle 7 pe [CARACTERISTICN GENERALE b recta spialmaclear 7. Moment mage ta noel dfrit es ‘sma vcr dine moment magrte obit ol pulennor di ce sia moment mags de spn a muclenr din much is m= eugene p= 2,71) 4 flnd magneton malar > ek / 69m, 50510" Te, upd cum vom vedea msi tris, scote momen sunt determinate de ‘momeniee coesponanaesle micleomr it use, Petia momen ‘apneic miter eet pul see =e, any cent poste repress momenta mic tata a men (momenta ‘magnet mace) se mane ners ses cu canal aoe ‘nein Se detest actor gromagneinclcr pi reli esi goin alent) 9 Towniaia) om larraporna giromagnetise defines pri latin ca) Moron magnetic noe poste f determina ama ‘in engi spent cede ta despieshgertiok Fi {peti Conform cla (110) expen sete ‘regis poste series for Wy eemtiteadi.i)>gautim, (15) 4 (cchire ser spare tori fac se a 1, execontar i J) o8 mee Eh el (16) ‘Valores cen mai aren eneric orespnde cll wa nar aoa my ‘ict m= 7. Ca rae vaooea monet mage mela y, determin xprimenal, corespunde protect! mans 4 acest pe teria cmpul snapnetic externa (CARACTERISICI GENERALE wre aan Pentru evauares energeisuplimentare ucbuiecaleuat cos). Asest Inu ont face plein de ali de deft a moment inet ol Fi. 1-7) F-ied (18) Helps jo 7.F) Hl) Incindsalile popl ah FP acu IPA? HED, sete ford webine ee enrga Hepa H Hote(p silt t}-JU +} PP ap atid ia 7 cg) lle, Coleen eit 20) Z coum, 420 pont £038 4-0 po <0 eee Pepe tll wl tm ce Pack momen! cts wal Trel eleonie sia ucla 7 Wo, sity 20 ‘cum pn 1s J da pote ter aon in cone lic sd arn ‘Sein 71, Co vets ir eta ata por ln cid dese: Je Sits pein 8 nvr ‘Sree ctr fa eis "ee som cle inte tse oie a xenpi mst insures ex J= 52; nc acon we > Oe = 392 nto atta sos ml vainorie Pea B20 14 cet (ag sete. O-ty aiek, P= & 2s raven (CARACTERISTICN GENERALE is as-3.5 eet 99 2 7 5 2 Despcares de suc hipaa nivel de sic ina J ~ 5/2 ese ‘nae a Fig. 8. Dict de ous nel de seus jerind vene r 4 82H Woo Me, Co(II -airlaar 022) nese consi loins Be Scobie att 61618. F EER) 02) Aces ae pi pl inert icc demi ea ov dat inte svt vse de strc pst ected ene at me da it SU eh vece deste fn, Acat Sucre {nen daca Ge manent mage decom ce sro tapi bokrPocpy rapes scp ce cea {oman magne tcc se sca ep en ‘taneous eee Acme Mr MC, Cal ee ee a Ce AU MEF A-Y—a 126 Wasw CCARACTERISTICI GENERALE Sedsing oasis pauses es eaw-r-sed) DPS Mag As Alar +2u.= aster +0) (25) wires Ap sau ereates-Weite-roiearayy 420 Din ele cuttin acer J ponte i determin sin anliza espa ests peti sper ane dn pce ermonor desta pert, eae fn conte sind > Jee eas eu =) 2 dnvegee nero, conform cea ‘ibecbe= FUEDIR 2) eu Fated 2. despeorn fotalgzotorm ela ‘Sins 2a) pemew TJ Wg = ANS 41) petra J 4. in tnomsitae relat nilor de arte Np. Raporl iment oa in spa ee eel ego poder sai Beal asa)el Ba Heel WaT Misa ond aware ean {Spinto netonaa sat casa ecto Nace’ eu prom deans aloe pent spin rnc ce dip ota alt seme ete spi sin seer miler paar I stare fname st eo ‘Acst reat 2 cans In ioe ei ten, are Toe un fenomen Se {tpecchere, in seme cl pee de tla eu amente cnet opus se ‘Sipe dnd moment cnet ot 20 “L Spi tro acer stable coposeute mu dpe valbrea 928, wie sum fore mic eomparate sams mater chneice ale ator iconfr ain oucew De ate soma ct arte mleonior Sint rapa np Ths, Hear in acest pr id erecta en ‘ome int tl osm patel a spn ule. clare 5 Gerlach de dterminare momentslor magtce nie momen mage ick decir secs na Bet pin enpeimet ot nat In do sei i Experiments fee mice alse etd Stem si Grah seta Rab 2 Experiment ce lac none de sb tei ne sold (nctode Bach meta el, Trine coal d diane 4 ores magic ml fos sad Ser Gerch, apn eterna mgr Se ‘pina elesronsi nara asl & experimen, vm fait ome st molecu et omer! cete al a nvelso leon seo (= 0) exe eat Frntanclnp moans cone se Frcsn ua” grate, in areca Sinpuli lgnetic xa On, ferent pe desta Se mice eBeciicee 19 ‘Care, asp atone ee aa nes 7-0-0») aan are are deta componetei pe axa Ox gradient cml, ar marine Spade de miss ace componete de amen posi momen ‘magrete mck pe diets Or mH ofi(2) coli Beem, (128) cum = 1 J =f ei poate (21) valor Ca umare, ota F poate ‘ea 2/1 waa ata ese ept concn Usfcere elle (20°) Subfascicle ee vor Wt devi pe deci teri mod ert in fn de ‘Deviile seston de Is drectis fic ini, denna Ie tern i ci, eu dis(CARACTERISTICE GENERALE deunde «ind top it fsciaal se ict n cimpul magnetic ce actioned pe ‘uta [ep cu lunges clceoragcto Dal vee via de dep {loom su toll sin = vs mest tas ator sv molecu. Se . BEE) EMR ce emer se ma yo ee, Soper eee vac Tat ee Si Snr eaten © mie tome tame econ on tiniepetrne ne ‘esata coespude I 29) Meiods Stomach & dat rete deoeite tn deteminarea spina ‘Seton one ical dpe n out ca uae dott =2. deunde 512 Is cazl fucoulelorstamice sa moleeule utlizaren aestei mode est Tngrunah de fal ho 1078 10m. de apo es {are mist devil sat di de murat precise pot Mateo munis srs mirnddatama pe care actonex cimpal neomngen si ‘aden aces, 19 Metod rezonante magnetic mcleare In nul 1936 a fot desciate 3 metode de rezonanth magnetic cle meds Rabi cre lize ase de roel su atom tod Blocks stad Pel ese pic a substan Stare conden (ihi Sa sold), Utne dou made se deosebes nr prin mol de detec» Semlih de reorana Clot iin I coat Prem Nobel per faker (i anu 1948 respect 195) pena erltle obit In acest ‘omen “Toate mstodele de eznane magnet miler mentions se azz pe tani de eznant ine nvlune Zeman de tu per, 1911 Despicarea Zeeman a nivelurior de seta hiperfna ‘chs au nese mometl cinta vl clectnic sical a mutell yy sue stu este cate de un moment mage {otal jr ete points moment masse oa Bea, eds momen cnt F tam pe ae) (30 Sern minus a al diea een pare dati pa stun end Ts sant parle is sunt aiparae led atom nn cmp exterior const nfo “(Fig 1.10) apare 0. energie porn Splint Wd de AW pa =-meBe conics By) eB coslF dg) (13 Moment magnetic pexeot 0 mikore de proces jurul dct hi Bs oda cues vesorit 7 Fel Jeteueant o mice de precese in jl Ii, Sindee dou momeate magnetice sb forma By =Brdie Sh t= Bill 3a) {cera ce corspnde voir experimental le acess) se btn: anys oteco Wen col A)-tear col A (9) ‘Cum tren die in print ete de aprox de 2000 or ma mie ‘Ect primal! pote neha st ane expen ene evn!Ey “CARACTERISTICY GENERALE a0, 4 48, FeoslF. By Erte F)=zeaymeby (138) sera Zeal) a» Dra ot eo el as? + FF ~2FLeos| deci co Pas oF ~2Fscsh Or) ove Leste, Rarer woo sere pay "8 apt tn sccash apni magnet aekar mv cone in od sia al Zeta Enea dpie a cine 0 ‘Gotan fle (31, sre el eset hipea se descompore nin nage abn GFT) ve Zacan ‘Shiite Chenpat cel asin de compare ete cel a isu de SG nk. "Y/3 ao clea (ig cola oe) F 4 rena 4 li “ m+ tS ° ° 4 Facing Cimpsl Fett ‘nztile radiative dite ifeite nivel destruct hipertink sunt verte de eguile de slecte ‘AP = il 0 fing iris anata =O» P= 0 In procera nu cp mgd sa rela de sels ee ‘ame «sn (CARACTERISTICI GENERALE 2 et orponetl plate pa inp (spon ‘ama! 038) ents componeil pola pena pe dca imps mage (Componenti. Te cmp mane en a Stef Jet rmomense maanenie econ miler exe indent mina de Prec nj Sei By Ca mae pote sre “ 39) a4) gate, cay, aves da emanate date 87 he RRS. Shem ema tae te dep wi Mk wren Se cept mane, Ses tear et eee cease dee nia See eet hots ue ee eee sap mal Stet i'r le 38) i ea som ie le cnas ears set i ce epee coe QD, NESS: , rst Sep dee os we wy SEE "ge iterate te mood Ses ic etl all ewe . eet ed edo oot eaten Fig 138 ‘Una din principalele probleme ale saga mt ie ee ses ovis. eis emt ni ee cont cn ce oie at po sem re mses tag pmo vee Caro ae ee ie mes ne 0 cgtowa me ea ene Pi ce tt Cy ctw oe a Sa ets owl tn DR comes Porshe we eno secon Fee eee a ces ign a IMR me ssodios Tege cps a Se ne sen a ne de cl a a et rn opin eel Tog See aioe soe AS 1 eg CCARACTERISTICN GENERALE a CCombinaree IRM cu spctoscopia de sezaeaa magna permite vines de frais rho supa composi hinges sur uae Antrebart 1. Taeecons mall poone-euone a me? 2. Deseret eto hi Moseley de determina asi ouceu 3 Cate nian atomic de mist” 4 Corepresna hart ue Sagrama Sep)? 5. Camdepnde raz uel de uta em? 6 Gaeta energie lect dau-un ucla cu nundr de mash As tum de ore 7, Deseat derperes de suc hipeiak ¢sivelula de srctud fa urpuncior = 1 stn eh oleae spinal = 32 ar omental fmapietic 0 & Tier conta meta rezonanei magnece muclare de Geerminare 3 ‘pills ssoent agate clear? 9. Desert toda Rade deena 2 moment meget ular, 10, Ce ee mapretaes longi magoetarea transversal? 11; Ge reprezina timp de ress longitudinal savers? 12. Cae unt eeatile Bloch sce rerein wesea™ 1, Inert pez pais le cio Bloch 1 Des un experimen de dean a moatlor magnetce mileare prune stare eh sau sol 1, Cae ete prispal spectroscope rezonania magnetic race? 16, Deseret told lealinenspnilor de nee in sis MN“ ‘CARACTERISICI GENERALE ANEXA LI Valorie maseor ya nero de gSrs pentru cv oti | om Trsewe | 63H a EO |v fasion ae St aioe | 22 pp _| BOW. 98107aN | 1640.8 ne Fere-Hae ihe sooner [309 [em seme ue iia ts ee SIT a109870 —| Ts — eeneen fort ro [agarose —tueeris | fae eae tipper fae] PR tis [oman eh Pe faea Fe—Heiterer tie | [hata [ig Ptcoostsis [as Snieannr ties mis [i ee ph | 225,02391 Has a Huot a sr [me Lea viet Gt hee iP Lie mr at Basnssai Serer soso Snr see pp_| 205.9749" pe 0583 oo) CCARACTERISTICI GENERALE ANEXA 12 Reralvareaeuatilor Bloch uate loch di vari in timp a eomponetlor vector mate Acca wae este determina ad cpu magnetic ie sees 4 ‘ela Tongan si tansverais "Varadan Sch) Bi o tg io Ind onpnae np mt nt Berar, Bsnor, h) i congne ia a Wi a) ‘ri mpi dnt pcr lc it ™ @ ® 6“6 (CARACTERISTICY GENERALE Pete gsi componente mgt ete ma comod de iia un sistem de stern votto (ay). Ase se se teste oath cu By ae ind hi rte fn acl sens ce vecra magi i rl Ii (Componente Mi My sle agit tansvenate in Fnei d poetic ‘Scott pestle Ou Gy Fig 20 som IM, Sif cont if, snot o M2, conor #M, sina 0 ‘enra deteina Ms Mit ate de M, SM, ped ast Fama (1) 6 0082} ev sin ot 1M, coset =M, cot at M, sine cost a M, sinct=M, xinetcosor + M, sin o _Adanénd mene ca nmr elie) (9) one Ma coset #3, sinar=M, «0 Iams (6)cu sina 1) eu son 1M, snot = cosorsinat = Msn? ot a Moconer=M, cs! at 4M, sn ercosan «ay Sotind (11) di (12) sone: coset M,sinar=M, 0) ‘in (10) (18) 32 obfne: Tenif,coat-M,osnor+i,sinor+Mocosar (10) M =A cost -Moxinot A, sinor=Macosor (18) Imo (10) (191) (1) nestle) (4 S. obine Aicsoor-Mesinet Af, nae + eoto M, cosy YM, sinat +7 M,B, sino Niccosor —M sina =M, snat~Myoeoser Wer -7Biaoere i net Mca unde CCARACTEWSTICL GENERALE ” 1, c0s01 +N, snat = Moines -M,cosa + BM, coset ByM, sno+ 78, Bsn ~ 1, cov M, sina = Myocotor + M,osinar + YB M, 250 ByM, coven 1M, sinan ML Inmutnd (16) ca in (17 eu costs ain 1M, osarsinar +, sa ot = Morin? ot Mo-osorsinet 78M, coves = bl sa ot 7M. Sint ay —*ecovonsinan — ME sin? i sn 1, 0s of ~My satecosat = M008 FM arsina cost + +78, 08 at ~YByM,c0s* 21-78, M, sino cost «wy Moco. os Me. * Me snore Aduning (18) (19) membre mtb ets MoM Teal, +7, = Mop} 7 Me ® 7 1, (0, 0M, ~ aM, unde am os notaile = By sia ~yB, femultin (16) cu 2s ota (17,e sin azn 2 Jamun fia 3 ous ect in pina eo, ® Bienen, + ras, Me ir Bho, ol, =e en Inrodcind (10)5 (13) in (5) ert« (CARACTERISTICIOENERALE 7 sinen(, cover +M, sina) Mea, = 78, cose, soso M,snat)~ Me =-78M, ‘ twee et prin zon sgn A, A, ar cutie 20) a2) devi fe. -om, & or en os =, =TeaM, ~My asy Iacing 97 8057 428 ne loco) M, Tait, ely Srila, ol, snot, Tee += MlT9} +i lo, 0} «Thode ewe » “Me ai (25) Me Me Teh Fe —oF Din ay ea aM on iain 25) ez: CCARACTERISTICY GENERALE * het "Tine? +7He, -0F MoM arto, -0F MoM tile a as Tite! «tle, oF “ etait 26,27) 8 reecin lie ee Bch Pena een gat ssc pn 70) 2abdhas Nomi de eco din zest volum vf AV.NZ wd in vst il inertia eu care lcm te fice un ansfr de cote in eoafomite a (33) ot ‘ela pent cries tl dees css: 6 a 7 NE sag = Eb gen 80 co me Bo INTERACTUNEA CUSUBSTANTA, 8 De bie scalculea pind de eerie eit psu cae pst ‘oi eeconi evcaeneacionoan pare va ' AE de ye tute et 7 B nzZt gts (39 Be ae mo Lb Ge mo he, 8 Purr evar i By i a 6a vee considrente ctanreenice si Siti sto a popes cide ier ‘Ase Bc Usa mann cae intactanea mai ee sfet ‘ pusmich pein pote hontace sat ech, Noland c/o ‘fv de nae cena ep au Ka me eh det ot Bey a (axe, Fm ” dost renege (2) on Penr vahare i. 8a vot ha dana nin ante este mani, ncractons Ti sot ape. In mosaics clas et trasferete 2m." ce crepe si onc eet, Dest amt ai Beas deve a e19 “Astfcl ° a 2)" fams\” nl ieee) on sot sharpie i pe mite eps ie Sayer) ow La seeteonament des ads 0 sere de crete de ata ‘uur oni formula comple ce pea mamse de Fru Behe6 [NTERACTIUNEA CU SUBSEANTA, INTERACTIUNEA CUSUBSTANTA, ” ‘Bloch penta pierre de eoene pe unite de pass de ete pastas ‘nae pi pros de ceca ont Ble) SME) -o-rr7] om unde) ve; Ny ete muni ai Avognd: 9 te ems mei pin ‘Se mica cia dsr aa om 2s ‘ne lair media 7 reer ene mote de acre smo ‘Se pe eis pon ind ene pcs de re ‘scr ale somal Prete conaera «cons spiel ce te 9 outed adil a 10-Z eV. De exerp pny sur? $6 ie pen hein 163 68 Perea eerie pe uit de laine parca ee navi citoalan pore de oie. moraat de ett ete depose pr Je rene puntata depres Je sin part icra demas mes sera paral ae 2822909 rm SE 2296) ow) In coe ce priv dependent de vies a an i Fi. 3.3 2 ereere rapid is neg ic (prtnes OA), 0 sd sia doen de feng de imeres mcer(portunes A ti a eg wou cestere he Peas Rese (Ponies) api va ito rai. ‘cas dependents pons pin vide experinent ind un ‘eck monoenegee, colt de fre as proven lo sure’ 80 etme de onze. Nein dso sucess ane @ ‘arta numa don pads can Gap cum ee nea i Fa ‘Neca ara hp Ge ep peo Ge prc Sve Me pitt parr paiculelor at, ds slo unde vite acetra devine ‘mt Corel pietees de cnewe pe unite de pares pin proces Ge ‘olresenizue’ cu impassable ono Ua de tin oer ws es wl ear ag laden gartieule ste mae, uot cepts rm a pe ms uric pede cnr, ere ev ondlas mma de ont fat Fras wate me 3 ‘vant pene de energie ps unitate de paca, se poste clela ofr pre in mal apt oN fe a hess ‘unde £, este energiacintch init a ius Acasa fom mitt considerate tui engine paral darts cpt estoy de ‘ate partial in peopl apts parc can! shega sete mish Para pate Hci om eM! freon unde ete masa particle ia fo) te ati de vie» patos Indgpenent de at tener’ Ca tree pot sompar peru in ‘sein mri doa artile ifert vind ws ie nis ie Cate dscutep ais ser I eric pric nate tye cuss Tn eon ce ive con absence unre Bara muse mii, unghie de peice utp xe mre sf cri mi recto clans ore rat 2 Torin aura mosh ic padres dente pin radii de rina te ma portant da parle carat gi DDupa'cum ste ate ot parila Tee ste acceler puternice ca ete rai slecmomsgnohe remmsrlung ~ rite de Fear) patron ait eee tal sera [4 Avvceraete determin deintersetnnes colombia, mae® INTERACTIUNEA CU SUBSTANTA INTERACTIUNEA CU SUBSTANTA » deunde (a)(S) vin in oo nl d prc ste din 0 pate ee free See pean pnp ede nas sot Pes scenes ue oe iE) ez, “ 2) ese) B10) ene sot mone 2 ne pe pin aie mal mat pe wa ccc ese ae nota rors de che pnt torn cot £ 8 parc ere fe hh si nema ee cee Eaten co posi soap pices EOE SSaeaps na ) erie de cc in rie cu di deine ma uti mtr met pa ens pe ca eee Seca re Pedews wi emepe pena Je puss vw 1 ae convo donee #(2) (8) ain & ‘conti ain ear doe dad apr atid Beme Wit) me Tea a “Termeni et sel igor! sap ptil inact add eneng cinetis ma ind ems pei mate 2 ae won bate 3.23, Anihlarea electron positron ‘n can eletonibr ma sbe ht tn cones i pees de nia elcrn-paion. Poston sin jn frees flesh ‘eto se aera wast sei ate ent) eecmagticn ‘sin ftom gan. Experimenta va sic in B85 dn cru aes os Prac ind positon sun rps api on gm ete arty eas) \Conraen care mpl nase pros eet: ii sat imc! tm eahyy sys Deundeerta dy, =hv =e? =OStIMer 2) Ca voare sent proces poate 6 int pent obincen ri "seeomagnetis ohaeneresie de mare eee Tone carr psn secon pot forme, prs scat ting tnvnte de nil, un sem leg wemanior Stoo de hdogen fn ee ‘eel onl se at de porto Aco sem se mee poson 5 Mine pia alr elon prin 33 tmeractinnea radiator gama cu ubsanta Radiat gama sunt oo cu eerie mare (de ral MeV) cae set mde ete nce la bests i sare exc in lama patin exis ‘Sin sures fundamental. La toca pin subtan elel raih fe oe ent Pest legen de temas delim, n abso ie ponies fear sie Ge U._, grosine dr (Fig), Misorrea res faci ala ga aura weer prin acest stat ote propor Ics fiscaha nn pe st sa psincn de arti, Cooter JS Peopuronaitate ot cohen hat &o kay + bade G21) unde Foy te tenia accu a Sse in stra de abort > ‘sine Pea an vel inte tna ciclo es Incas fisccuuas ‘emergent, di abvorantl Ge ise se Inger (21. {fa» INTERACTIUNEA CUSUBSTANTA Dupe iacpnre sabi oat NN common nl Tl, in fc de om aa 37 2 ory vires xr gl de sme flee wfc es "mre cn i ais ‘macs ome p Etat N, un, srotan (si) cu \ foe rubies Pot \V Arora ander fal Wy pox a BM OO femme Bree ame i Noire time, Royo ooy Fontes ones Soa x Soave de te ps oto To__ too tho guile econ Treornta tm)” Senet fase Nene cul de radia gama se face Sn encipl pin st pes de imac: eft fret eet Compan senate de prc electon porn (Fg. 7), Da oy, sum ne she coespontore sri procs tui secant av ore, ++, 2 Stine ote de tou sete fcc exit lati: INTERACTIUNEA CUSUBSTANTA, 4" pene 2 unde 1 exe concentra atm in maeil iti, se poste serie ‘Stefi de Senses nm yy 25 dee su conic de atte ciespunsitn clr ti proces Votowes ctr coeicen depnde nt de ever ras pa ci se ‘uta tater absorbant. Formule ca xpi acest Sopendo unt ‘ela complicate, Fora hare sposinativ sacra es Bs oz te 626) ‘Se coms o descrere a cefientor de sear, ds a setae te prcesclorfonetetic sf Compion cu erectes cats ual so freee a cient de wena pent procs de generate de pers ‘Comporaes scctunoeefcace tle tear ter prose prin sa shun ‘cae totale wari cnr ftom pen asortant Se pun (2 ‘yee indian Fi 8 Procerl degre de perch lect prion mu pote wen fia id i our in chop comes alse punoae: Nevesines puri tae’ panicle act proce re di eple dc comervre a eg publ Pont vl dea pa unl par, acest or en on Indice“) se fer a pion iat" Islet. Sid py = Ey le din ri relat eu Crmparind (3.28) cu (3.29) reat [|= p, coon ee scar eo est proceso pare din inp stewart uel alte parle. Avi in viet Fras de ropa ton et ar, pe seer a dou pr cis2 INTERACTIUNEA CUSURSTANTA, reps die de eo ete neces a enrgaftna ym deen sua eaiilor Je repauscletonaat 8 positon Enos aan ‘nec onl suns pnts genes por cson positon se nme nea de prog tunic prise se ele lpg. pre erate Se af np in sistent de fete al eel de mas (SCM). Sistema se efi lea de ass coms nrc seb de tei Habre (SL) Cr umare, fo sce dou nite de rl mast de ‘eps parlor reat da trschae ee acess Avind Ty ele ‘es uc pr elcltea cnet de pag eve coed st se pce Svat av a) -Cp ye =leme'l a3) ‘Membr! sing contine ential impala pau inn de inkractue, exrimate a St ar mambo eprei cen ari le ‘rao fered incactiune.expinae e SCN, ccc ce Se ‘lc asus energie de eps Expand marae apes eae me} -| Nn 2) armge eme} a2 vine rin Yam att mass ple cipal ci we oe gone ‘Efectuind calculele se obtine: = F Orbe =tee(ieSt) oxo seam msm Sin erates ae oe cmp i clecwon (= my, soci de pap ste Dg = Ange? =4-0.511 = 2084eV , far ic ar pl rs s,m! M+, rca de peg devine (Dang =2me? =2-0511=10224er. ‘csc os vlan limicle nue care poate aria snes de pag 3 Foto gms cesar genera uns pec sason pon: Dac cota Foon gma ese mal mal mare dct act ite tonal pst "enlist energie netic mare ca rare, po mi ft pms a eee INTERACTIUNEA CUSUBSTANTA, = nn ig et a np ph te neem io heen Oni eh + ph? am Coole fp deind sur de eer adilor gu dar dspind de rats abvoran, Pets energies | MeV pace getrice ste {vce Tosca mur expres seal ccs devi oni sek oa ‘Avind in vedere act Ir, lind doi absorbant iri pst een ‘alii gamma” a valr)perny sony eee oS pi ‘rian Pi We vet, 2-2 ed, Experinental se determin cafe de struae crest clo so absorbant in ptt reptar eezette in coardonate sega ce ‘pend pial canal al vat de eunirare Rinse Oe snes ‘orb Avid alle cect de sone socal seune fia ttl, 6, 0; de imeracinew rail guma eu care di ot ot sort oo a eee ne si M sun mele woes elo dout marl absorb, sp; ‘densa creguntae, rN amar Avopaa, Oia Geet fh spot i sect etcace coespuetae ecllfcetc t {Compo acer i aterkecy Z consenta INTERACTIUNEA CUSUBSTANTA, INTERACTNEA CUSUBSTANTA, s 34 Ineratunen neuroior cu substanta ern evn sci lcm potion ca abn rin incon fr combine po ste mo emt de ube fi insane: nan tS rae vial pn ti dserr de ane! cout Newent natn aac teckel tnt Co emi drs mor ok pute nec xn mei estna a Seomictycera sau eta Se care Sweep fled craton aor mar ral sec en {Rercunergesromlr cow apap txt di partie gle Neste Puree pt feta net re nse ra ee Su po ‘aceasta cw ching emp a cet esa ‘Baccus newer se net nol dict dtd parle ee ‘sl ina sor nl entra ela ana neta neato su "Baa Lia), Meg). Vor tain onc {ic or cad von at dec Sep, Pb nas ‘Sever rose crates se neon Cx tape ‘con pet inate si denne pcp tid Je pice 9 Sect. Rerun hei ate ta mca de eal cu cee cnc ‘stent ear pein faeces npr de stot ‘Sed ema vr dn etc tevin fl ps de Sorte nmi snd cscchnes cae desta n ne cee © micoaren coe eutoar ent a cals facts din cena inti ‘nia cu care mde un soatoa in tema net coe lice sal Uc clo sistema de refei labor legate at 51a) insta cen demas Fig 3 IDB) Slr dow paral Vince va neal dp cient, nap cS. te Fi, 2.1) Fractiunea de cnerse ins euronui af pa baz eu Pau ty 4 2y na, cst Emi zl Pen deterina vite etna op cient tenses sim itn aetna dpa caer fn SCM. Avi in oder 3 Inpro de cate lana mas para a fat Shimbs, epria netic ne comer i SCM Feta impulsurar ete sao, impulse slo dou Pore a SCM ise daa clocie vor ele De Scie (ota) “bat Sapo tt ere Stee oa lores ate net SE tay tea eae share n SCM ines cast a energies itp sc uma, ‘sor = Dp un un de coc se ie% INTERACTUNES CU SURSTANA on (Cu et maar de mas mitra tele ma mic cw at rains de fnople amet ee ma mit, deel lactinge toute se mal ond Inctniease pone fice pt clod oer cineca » euromior jung alore cere! de aga emi trae mai = KT = 035 ‘Neto eu asl de energies eu omc sa emia. Cl ng [seas ene, cl esa sso e ucle, proc ec cle ‘sediment oe Fenu'e ecieda 4 acuronr, probit de intrastins pe nite dng prcsali se const pests Har in canons de mcracune. Acasa probable se cx cv jul sci eeas pe otlen pata Fece fp de neretine maid sect eee or uaa sacae in unten de ot, Nye oie sete eiace No aa) ‘are are dimensiunea inverala uncihangimi, 2 a fost inerpretat ca Pobabiisea de velar pe aitatca de hngime dept ut an proces canteat deo westimne efcace mcwscopiea mac seat Ih ‘opsidrare ate proceed norte poi uh Ee Bayt Buca ean) Aca mirme ate pen peut aera Semitic oi ini de tenn pets fail guna. Dac pean mate thst can Fasca! pale, ghst de newton, manera ce dete a sce dn thorn cae exponent ch sine mera Take Ga) Donal ther main al peuroior, 2 S€ defies cx inven ses Imacmsopce te 5S Imeraciaes adatilor cu substan vie In aces paar vor a dou tes in refrite a neatinca talinilor mala eu sistant ie. Anais aman gcse ol fice in eau currie specie “Decimeria radar "Radome “hadivrap” INTERACTIONEA CU SUBSTANTA ® ator lementso aioe nature existe in pasa ar rata cose sa pro radosst reli in uno rat NGA ‘porated race. eran costed primar in umste pecum sa cea pron ere Sopa de eve om oer Pando sut expt in dentin un ‘omburdmen ites de raat (Fg .12, Se etmeaa cane tor ‘he bombard de 1 Raat in coos NO nen dada conic pina. 4:10 piensa din radia oc sca 2 Radiat provement pe career 310" devine a sega ipl en rare a inkl ior aoc de Ri Po, Radiat proven din mont {S10 rad bt rove dnderintgrara zap "K 7.10 ada al povenite in esitpace olor de uaa si “Radiat proven din so materi de contacts 210" raat gama proveite din dieters clementlor rote in sol imei de consi “oat ese alint cosine ond nana de rad lcare sant xp ia peonanen Acs! fend revi ont deine doc ue te fun, anette pe cre fe cons, precast tpl ‘kxcinats de vari fi der coc Trocele pin care rod neacioncara x mbstnia ve sunt accles‘cr sls bean mona Dar kn ada in a. nt Pur prose biologie’ din ean faced sinter wor COMwi em ge re ‘Singur sem weneeafi ia unitatea de masa de aer: " R A Fine ks de tea: 1 Gy "1 Say Cavan tlre anode rable : a INTERACTIUNEA CU SUBSTANTA ® energie de spotty 25 eV se poate giles fe wate de sr & ‘pues dort de ire echo soo ‘a conta expimel ct dae de are tice proveite da spun dite deri pat eat ele inlopce sient i tl i ‘Acct se capi pnacetn cn seta mis, de odin aera babi ‘ete dui fn ood worm In ft dosuee tantra de eee 5 ‘aliacra dont pron cana drt in pul conor alestoar ie Pariclejonvante st clctont edlu.r ears one locate ‘cinta tsi parol nr, Doze rahe Ui a ty tw expima scene carci le tau de shen et mpornn & Ivime global medi Serpe ao mas de fot em de mare Pu ca acest Macht sts sau fe semaine Accs fae C2 fete bole le abseil unr dre egal de enrich a vel tt cllare de mst imma wd 2 mnie batt ewifrma si contin 2 cnet abr avid vere i ices ‘tbate Spade deat enega parle snizuce Poi ha i ‘omiderre seas depen $2 defint feactatea Modo relat ‘apart dine dvs spars into rads an spre welt fst ‘logic dora beri in aiid, Sra dat da 5 610", i610" ike =3869 wo. "2 Drop radiaic sand consider rain X cu engin de 200 KeY. Efeactea biologie relia depnde de ats! de eters pe wats de Tungime a prc parts ote Se define dove Blogca cs prada inte feasts Hiskyia selva dora air Bp Unites de masa pein dar ioc se names Severs pein da ‘ologia crestor ue dave de ure cu radi X sa de Gy Ca nate sole ne ost eal (ont quale man) em ~ 10" Se Detind doe lege os” INTERACTIUNEA CUSUBSTANTA, INTERACTIUNEA CU SUBSTANTA "fecintcbilogil rea re sai ate abel 3. ‘Tat rai TX [ene [ie ae pa Dace ices se fice fit ir de radii, sac doa bilgi se ‘alle sma dovlorioapce corpse fdr ip de aii B=EH 24D, Comisi ternatio de Prteti ents Rai (CIPR), de pe tings Agena Incrtionals de Energie Atom (ATEA) cused a Viena ‘scomarla ove mime permis pe adie excora.Acet ore st ‘elt atl ici operon sae a ae ttle hme sae Probabliate eglabi dea suf dade somaice sa gentce Desig {at mite doin de sil de cusses efetor oli sled. ‘Aca dora mini ex in pent B08 S nen nm aor pe ‘ras de cel ulin 30 acorn ra saat de fol teal ‘dai compus din rasa Samia (price estas, eure ria, ‘ancien ocr ara, raliile interior rads "K din coe) Deane de one slate nuclear acee afi au at debi a dee boogie de sproxinati 0.0% mSu/pamia, Mesto fp ca se sic ih 30.000 mutt yesice norte radii fo Is sare ion de ot Cae sat mime de care dpi unio media depres mails parecer inet ln rceres pon ss? 2Cerepreras petro de ope st dese dpi? 3. Cane define parc pricllor ete fm substi sae unt ‘nail ce determin ces pan” Can spot ct acu dec este important ince or? Cares yen de tne sat gu tose rin satan? 6 Crea marl ce ce ern nate srg? 1 Cece nd de rat? 1 Care ste doa holga © debi acestiacorspunzsore onda de rit? Em | Ce smu pen | a Pe Teo a ast—[ 000 =a oes ia —| aso p26 327 oo 331} 023 [tse re w00| “Hk | 096 oe me [ass [oe [st] 97 [esas oe Avoid + Feu 205 ar ¥y-V» Vl consider = atin Bie Foto nef ov ease pera caerea de poten pe R exes “ Aca eae inde 0 eet tn inp a (pe rina pata din Fig 44), Cum >> vec or cles nl a pepe dea oi Sa nt cu A inter etn nese cls tee elector, Dita eres in ast ial dnp ya fit Dupe ace mer {tin done ™ ™ , cal elatia (4.2) spun e pent > A eegea a a ot i ia i ar cu» pnts ma mich. St atin ca AF inte de timp oes ier ent se stat pi a Gat d= 9a Dap cet interal de tip penne ToT Sg se ecco Varn ati 8 Vid as cele cout ee aa i (rss) rr an Feat a 7 p ‘Mauri Fane permite determin a Peas ‘ma de pret de hn Sparano ca uae ion prima F Po bura aces cars emporio camer de sonzae cre ancora iste estar egrtesin pals "A Funcoaea in rin intpriorpreipone ceptor sarcisior prone den fla’ constant de pore Tonbant ce pao In Samera dia ese a! ede sarrate. Acct cet dpa dea {fe formare a tutus pin onze luna uety lear Aces tod de funtion se eliza tn! cd constants de inp Ret fii Su practic mult mare dct pl de colton pri. Drei ‘de penal murat corse ‘Camere de pie Ira in ein intr su wt a orca de rain neo! cap vv sonst ames oats publ ‘Atl de camer un vu de teva ste deca 53 sta carl de ‘Stuatiewitirind un eu ev un comin lest a ei Oa Sarina de camer eons pai ult pts ast de doa over pe pica seal src Eaten incr po saa cap Je aii pets» pera dep. Vite de dese {Veamere sto mis aati ont fe ss cats in Imcral de tp dt Camere mari pera din (came dis) st Uae poss tla dimer de aii '.Functinaea ogi de inp supe iecstraes iie nu ine die pein oct pacall nna oe ec pin came,% DDETECTIA RADIATHLOR NUCLEAR ‘Aces mos de fnetionare se tizez in specboscpia de rai deoarce inaltmen pols a ese ste poptinalca muna de tna primaire Ihe AceMt Med de funciona seule deasemeneh in dctre "urothr Cul chalet conspund eta din ap onde Cconstie pce eee eta ce api pas Pen a inet ‘iste pric cbse ca Vy cap dao» ns © ani alate ‘mui des consnt de inp + RC fe mh Dah ¢ = RC> A camera acon ait jon) ct st clon, Deowree af ete de oii! Iircondeo, itera de waa va eis une va incon a Pots fecvenav mide pruners priclelr ems, dat Se ala dosear Din aca cars, camer a's etonere ina nmi mod sti ‘eon Persson oops in aces conti, ampliins ial ms mick denares en eft cilegere uma sleet Value maxi posi tere de nandrare “scores ma mae storia fren mai ite inp eee ‘slot oir inal nat ole lero abn = Pes Decxemly, la presunea de fam ietnsiten ciples in ama = Vin, ite de distr ete de ori # main neat Sor de state suas de Tc ete de aproximai I men se ‘oni cleo nest np de rani de asia 1 Di forma) " x rom 2 an ‘Am negli! dil jnior si am pus ¥° Ae = x Rez e&smplitaines Serial eloconic depnde de postin ule se formear ion pinae i ‘aree. Pent inure mest neyuns se induce in camera gil ir fate depres cts para camera pti regi ‘atl (Fig 45). Somnall se cuege de pe reiorl Rconectatine nod 3 ‘il fall ace, depen cena fae eto is m0 el wo Serna tee dupe eleconk ptr in sat dnt gs ano. vl a Deoarace semnalul sxe dit numa de ful eesti se poate alee ‘onstns de timp mi. «+ 4F, pemitind ters de numer mar ‘Amplitines nplsu nu dpe deol de producer sonata pare ‘arte tte fed De exer pe 0 patil onan cu enna de 1 Mev" care fv chien ineaga energie pr ionizin in camet,smplitainea sa i (vj) (ter sse¥)- 16.10% TALS. 810° =e 10 F “ Peni fregistateaacesorsmuale sunt ossare stme de preamplifier si tplicare stn “Aces ionveniat dipre in carl detector in eae numa sarcinilr aprte cua a toni prinare ete arpifet prin soz Sundar i gaz din decor. Din acai eategre de etecton mena ontonl proponent Giger Mile ‘St mais pe act mole Tormare &ipubuiin este de occa Mutiptcarea sarcinor ng Duplo rat no lest oo gro mae ‘nar ul dn dec eae pres nian cs © mae de Siva cl dl arn mpl depart pecan ca Stumecse psa, Lach mic cn at ae car ac cpa Chota prorat pie ne dent ns pot ‘Sun cu tesla nocous” Expt casi po ee 0 Td par to aia ie dou Cont dg de cass ‘Shi csc ce choses ses oe An ced opr area o tard lc mies rom ci ric ifr de itmite Bca Bin, pen dr ier ned cng cinta W = Poa ness Siechnpdl dese > fe, eat cep ep cag denawo DETECTIA RADIATLOR NUCLEARE DETECT RADIATIILOR NUCLEARE mi me cies npn wo oie. fn oe aa wha meas input clce pew sae ene actif de pra de ‘cna pun dun iter mei down a ued ones gan ‘Sos cts prfacee mia asus sno et etasasece 4) Medea tate ao) ‘La iterente de pte na prea marion, tora mii ol mal mick seit acres dani ter mal at iy a ree pe un dra Ter ‘eda “ennpe ufc ta a produce clonic Sonia Di acetal ein scr nat eciel Inui pion prke Ae okt La rl flee scan vor Seu ocinpol lst po ‘ros toni fn el acu ‘hips duce a amas unt Salase Towasen! i are fstre ow ‘leet br eat ft gene tle ts mai let ie Primt-un proces dessa fe, Ceiren muna de ketone ie de paused de Praga pre dee ade an nde te prin coin Townend Valor ese 0 pnd E Fe, {ar pentrcdpar mon mar dit alsres So pages cu (rp 8). ea np wines ar lst pl ~ pl ~ ont st none 4 Trusind varias ampli inp in fic de iets de poeta falcata po doesn ae bin cubele in Fig 47. Pe ates cube oso Aisinge hal me rp La ene fate mi ale irene de pena (ecghins 1, cmpal ese inset pena a ipso, ror desis co uae sti cole ete ma del spirua prin iaoivarenprnura. Pe mua ce. deca de poset eee ‘Reombinre xe ciminaasse sane acute saturate Asst dren diferent de pon (opanes I comspande aston cameret de tonne, Goat rein in coninare deren de Pte, ne ange akan de Png simp lore pena Ere ncope mtpiaren Stiga va uliplcat s templtadicy mpl tee fine Gepiaaet Soca fren reat Ae pare Tons, Acet exe damon de Fincionure a como proportional, La diene de rear ote mal mar par 0 sve de ‘ioe osama mare den pt (ese fra Ina rpc i are shad riiite mc, fee sare stl pores care mind hea Incnsitea cmputr cece. Ase cgte mashes incl mpi de Proportion tins (ean TV). Pe fete depen saint {sur saci spit oor i oni prt va aca rol! pedosban Sbliea ampleini impli are ms v2 ma dopinde de num de purr desu reat de parila Hoan Acas este done de tio commu Geiger Miler regina Vi £23. Comoral proportional ‘Conor prporional fustionsra in domelal de sts ropononaliate a crit da Ft? EL aro poms linc it ett din city meta (eu raza de Hern) ce const ete ‘iam frie ou nde rd 0.089), cwt, ce cms aml ‘er dot elacnt se ges no icin mpl cu gar Aleperea acs farm exewoodinadeurmtorle motive) Penna a lea Pultpicnes Inga de cate leon ace ebuie se depen ‘inp cli sin de mare. fn gee linda, iene ampalh ‘Sli ene coat ma mare ct ne opi deal idl coor roteim DDETECTIA RADIATHLOR NUCLEARE rt) a ne ¥ te diets de potential dine cdi tri» diana det ‘mal rat Easier se mie sre fr cals “cu cp ls din cen cea inten. Cn je a0 Usa a cae tates, ‘impala ovine esac asoaren sited ape maitre In area se plified dors can devon a ens rc ‘oton clare ec impute a come uot ces Planer sia to asco su unl de eke pence Je Poteau mari Muka ceonrse fen ase one Sip rl ca nent deh se aoa no apr pas Prima. Aca face ca fatale mips fie teapot as Perce de on prima era ce ast propor de sec SiS pimaa in onto propo ‘Gul de ampere sin contr propeional ma webuie ste ‘eeroneut data cfr sre mules pk delete cet Prd ont ep ex ar dpi spe std C8 na lla a Bc fst argon Ciorren cleans cua sr yard aera ponte Stumareanzaren mor sau ears ace Deana fe ee hist ana foo are rt cote cro, rn ft fect, San lato stv undeva i olumal de gar Ace elton, i ccc Spe Sno poste declan stlans propre nfl acs poponnaiaes ine foie ema sarc tal apr ina oe oeunarea ‘uum fe meatus Aco hn ste detent contra propre Peat reve scam, prude unpre ono propio cons hema lle cru dro ame di rn TPs meta Cav ‘wae (hts gar dene) Ib a mle cme gu Polina abort om Sosa arson Conte Proporta tv penr dt nr tomatic deg Uinplre tioray tor (BE) sa Me tare lea spec etna rp san unplt cw hogen, mela esau ae ee mat Tact de mutica M ete defi akaea mee «ror in mana ol de electron cl de sta ral con rs rin tonics primar. Sarina totals genoa Gm Tee lec on, Sana n ones par ote O- mem 10 Factral de mulipicre poate Fit din coin Townsend Id fn ‘ide atl inert nul lov re fe aus apie de Sod ara dpinde dE Astle ote: a= "Jelelar ay £5 rodent tuna scan Valore “inion, ro) st valaengel de cate intrsitaten simpu dovne pe i pone rev din com lund et drum ir mai ia 4) ne at de ai 9) in i enn, ib @ grea a na in ‘conor protons poss f considera cs sn anor cree fare ‘alan did Vor extn afel Se alm, Rare i os th sigur ince, pec eon coat als ime cot i nics etd esr ramon sO. Amplinsiuesrs dys a al hi dah eri depo de pata inet acct Foca se dats sit ui a dt STM. Dewars set do rst independent, aera “Sad elas asus a se pat sere ah fm 0) (en) (3) -) a) Carini gums cul proprio pit om pio i ‘}"Doc ss te ri alfa eect ee eit dou po (49) ret Se peal att st ‘iste mul pre al iam eal st‘urate a purculee aa ltt bet, Ampang 1 npr dts ‘alr bt sel a ih det en coesponasore ate li ny cca cele deuce purr nN Fitilor” tet dope ccc a imersiane contort i ea arma tuna o factune da eso e ov Cyaan arora delet Spoctuleneacte (bt ns pitine) acl do tor Se ‘ada eRe ig 1 Dia cle discatt mtwrra WP cewek pnirs Spectometia ue rad et 8 Poin sur dit ln contrat proportional, sans au ete pai red (cle votive nian no de en) 5 Se ses alana Ae ie clctoot pm Dai Port vale id port Sone ” L a 0.2 Peat Bas Seti en seein Rinne a DETECTIA RADIATILOR NUCLEARE wos preamglicatr laa a ele do apt ei andi F412). ipa ‘ecraere a Somnallldpine de dani la eae prods sal. Pes iste ta mpl de cere te at Ing "dei ‘petsdotate cs Dit ison tmpilor de crate 35 poate "Tor pein a dts ol pe ve ty parila fran pin dec. CCharpak acon contort propanol fem ff cl a eg adie ‘2 alla oat mule fre emir Fonlle st dou piece deo pares otic (Fig 412), Fle rer in Tonvarea primase mises pli Frclor anode iran “simp sve ‘proriatv-unfr. Cod apo Se Poa noe nt suse spe cle {peop ir hn cdmgal cel cout flew wala Seal spare ua In acl loci tecern tise {plant perpendicular pe fre Peta flee loalearea se in planalGreor se eae tees de co sens at mentions ai sor Sone oocaliarebidmensionla eee paris pin dco 424. Contoral Geiger Miler ‘Contr Geiger Mule (aunt pe eur contra G-M) funtion. i contoralprpeoal ge bara malic surclor losis a ane Comma Conair G-M (fgets) ete acntaoae ets como ropa dar aeons dren dpe alr mr de st feceae pore fanconares conor proporona (hi) Cond6 DETECTIA RADIATILOR NUCLEARE DETECTIA RADIATHLOR NUCLEAR wo or, je ‘ste saisficutaoepind del distant, eax ubul mai mai dec ® o Fig 413) Cote GM ens pena ga, (3m Ge ees ps pre cae omni propane. Acne determin cots waar ae mise {tuliplicaes sry nto sng na ee de ori 10-10) ct Fecal poate cen fo met leh sat i ao pea ‘poe gar aalteae Dupe am memo ay Pe tng ion a oes exci, ie muna exit cote sie oat cu nmi Sonia. Molecule su som exat fv la stares Fansmena its ‘imp seu de oil naosceuncor ent fo cng des ‘ib sa uv. Ass fle pa scot pm ef foes easton dea in valu ava in detectors de pe ad. Dar een Ftc spodcated maze, fecre din ac let pte ai vali din care pte aki foi Fig. 4.14), fy contra GM msl Imoeellor exis, fd mre, se revi condi Np > I unde p ‘Rpesina probability proce fou fooleaic de ee ful emis pin dervetare Dope soni deci dela cestetea naar Je Fala fn inp, pont or ied adependns de oc unde a aut Toe [Ensue prima’ Hi ace nga lngine aad pare ta el ses incomor © desaere Geter cre derola fa apoximat acoscutd ‘Aplus input vs roreons uma scion crate Ia dseictes ‘Gop iit de terminre opis. Open decree cone ‘Sin spats porte fom in pred mare de on saeco ul ‘Modi ingest cate spat in una muhipco vane demote it ‘Biose ports aves tal, inimpinwr, nuh Aco sol pss ‘prot douararen Giger doree-mumarl for mare moics menses ‘Shp clot n appre anoduiIno alare ee, -—4 nat Modi impalu durcia un timp ravhng wend in vedere. 1 = Pst uy dt seen nest arpa oh oars erie {atic valor de care Seve pila malipnre sarin 3) se face totdauns por acs sac spt ola niet de nual ‘Srna poms Ascasta re ue csi fap hte impulse or tor seco ampli. Dost sues ampli impulse oe Informa wap coogi pente de parla onan in contr [Amplidines fnpelsla eet co apt denree pe je Sw, ‘Ste osu aia pl a are ‘Duna open decree, oral de sarin spl ponte exc ea Sh eta ne waa re “Sombie custom Inaco profes irate dees ac 2 tne te posi He Scos un now ceton din cto care va roca in de di pc anol nde va ga con essa ners e ‘ovale. Aeest fp pat de fl oo desaeare ele Sun ‘output, Aros ple cores worn unel prio rn Snr dse ete fa sc ebue pat se reve Pony soca Siva dere meta” Uaa in metas amis igor extra ol Imksonre diene de pote inh ft pot arm tratos DETECTIA RADIATILOR NUCLEARE tin, dp fcr imps lr pest cae B< Ed spate ina ous dectee de ate cecron ied cud” Nc, Aisret de pret e owe fce pi zr unt resem exten ma (@ 101). Aces tpi dev ch oes png mat tle miscude pons eas cmp nul soda st ‘epee fle nee Ire une are Da sept on uma pnt vier de manure mii O a ay nani stage me ost tn adigaren un gar de igre In propor de 10% pa de ine. Pcie prope pe cre tebe 0 a Ss yar ee ob ners de onze matic sacs moteur mat complex dit gra tera Singers dena se proc se dn mull exc pcre ie sift soo azaleas uel or spe eta ate eee ‘moleclle gz jr cy tha = Opry be proce at fe srcon I untae pare ens (au mle) wet get ies an fon gaat jaro cara excels micas de Ut departs ‘treat, tue ind concn eru unr cae stilt de are Io Sat vor wunge ual on a elt sue. Ene lea des a reales pe cat oy sim repnien pent dee Iola complexe mu en eibrare nr kot de pe Sopa oul Cart cel ma sit ca spl ee Dt tn ne eer roves pal ajoior cle comms pt doce, molec 8 vate onto ete ita saponins 0p Peta preven mayen ‘Sori se ula drop gar ds sng hols (a, bom ee precio sven ca molec acs gure’ fee pono Spon acxa ita un itor rt ii pci aa hut conor GM et oun ina deo ane modi ce yar ras Imus descva nga. Poste apr cmtaeare cu poi! ert sn at cimiefveiate de descare ross moc He supe Sodus uma depanei produ de wast polmerart 7 Forma impululiftinpl caracerisich {inept put ete pie amar a uct acta Sa ‘plea oni in cil ens dit url ans dp cee women 9 “rere ma ent dats de eases sr pl din ence ma iain ‘uml for spe cated, Datta fp ca formu pu arin multe wale dervohate i ft lca din con, tmp de cee impusta exe mt Tong dtl cota propor a one I cate ‘tani de inp a eit de caacre Sr fifi wngeren mx Ips sar ced tpt de clacton Pet mae DETECTIA RADIATILOR NUCLEARE uw vitegn de suka se aleg constant de tinp + << 100 ps, cae fined es de err fat tpl ne ama reiones rap cn Figs fat seo se pew o pane in armpit impel dat ‘stn fat in contr GH en aufcon de nar pew tne pre ae ‘en Saco pata porta dra ra poe eae i ‘Noluwe de cso m8 parc onian ee tere pri contr Abia dap ce [ani port ae epic de tam deren cpa ta lb, {se mb can jl snd cpl ac a agave cate fh posihis 9 ou decareare Gcger. Daca rouse cial nua owmpe, dewey i pin nn (vase ms iis mi pte ‘ewrec so suf) map ont pent ree rp rm ie ‘Som it) sd vale cick Ase pramal als sue ye vw eH Spine eat mic selva pte, sau. Re oops, in nc Scones sistema de marae. Arpliines impale cit ine de dap dup cares ut down pares in conto exer Ton ‘Aba dug ce tot fonts ajns la ealod ciel sone Sn conor ‘estab comets 6 nou atu urs i conte von pu ‘cea ampli ea cea dat prin parc Irs de pet CS impede declares une astm de cae opr ce tac prvi tmp mortal conto GM Fig 1) Dash ele rv {timp dine un pastas momen hn in ctr se poate deat o ‘dun desareate eit, indent de dinensanes et In mais contro acs te deel 50100 ys, Maloriatessistemsor de marie ese impulse o anus amplitude Tempel nos fori ees elt doa dou deve pt le arp eae depres apie de age nate tape ett Tn pach aes da oe sat dso Incrchimbabis sine zee nel on pon u dese sparc ub contra sem de ume. Se dfincte puoe ‘sen, ctrl de inp sss pe esis conto seuio DDETECTIARADIATIROR NUCLEARE ina at i 8 capi pd il inp ampiines racer de atone le contol GM ocr cn GM coc nt abl fe maar, ‘spr de ane . saa ae a Sra snc ph hrc poset pot tn sores npn spe mt fees nom iar ettune sutlest de mar tte Vpn do li ep rear amp a ‘st sfc de mare pt seein re ape oscar cot Sheela lr Moa acne coef Shrprite do ot saponin Aca tes po eos Si caplet ee ep ce tsp ser pe coun ves una Co Cae i Zt Lf PL Na uxuie wi atars drte doscir, Aco ce ms irs dacs ge vitera de ana ma mic dst sites proceed inves tinpoll reste Asus scat @ let Je maar de «ster ste de impubu pe secu, Particular deconstruct. ‘apa cum si retina si st, contra conta’ GM este smemaote “cu ces eon proportional Marana ne DDETECTIA RADIATHLOR NUCLEARE un roportonaliates diaue enegia. priced cea trexat prin conor mpitines sng wore hull aot nu est wt emprant ‘Anal et fais paul lind ce aki el. Fees ee Ain sa st mtr capa de supra ein mance mar cand et fone str Cones conor GM inst desea © norte (Ste inde FipSK. Rate resets de sina pe care se_devol Gras C. exe saps conn fer de coasts. F's C ‘sci conse de imp a dtr ce se lege de abi de tos ‘te cpa de cpl cate Bocear enstunca de linet cota dar ‘runs pull spc ecuiele de unarre Petty wp sea amin put capactta Cen scent Je mar ane Ini RCs mare fe ‘Spree ora ipa pcactton de mumarare Pees pate incite cflscisa exe de 10% Free et ma sbi pon eit rues prcllor wt Bia coor. Cle a abi ferte disponibile ay masa sypetcla de 1,5 myer ecules i io ensierare pl tac gsi es eprern » tie mp “i parca lotro parte i aie beta" remain toate 5 TL dete ator yama se ae in ede interact rian sua cu prt soli a cantor GM 6 georrea ute dca Gace Sve clr relat din acest ilrchane Ca rma, efexcies Je marae raailr gama vi epitde al de pobubists interac {cowormdltic pers comar dc mater etal) de wade eal ‘cet soci cit de prostlistescecromior sein dew sang fil de imple Toa ca parcial lor ss ermine In pret cma Fram! poces deine de Zw, cx umare, re cons er eo Z mae (lc ‘tol bist eae 21). “Cain carl conor roertiona penn dt ern ‘te ness in contr stad ar pn scene ner fap ss madi pre eu Ze. Poy desks heron seit Titer in deat proportionate ‘Ds ete nl in es a ec deteor de radishes, conta nc rine cre poate fant fac dn contr GNt un dete eae ‘itn peso El pte alt pon maior raise pr ‘Sb frm dit poral Seu care inher de ume pte ‘ira drt ant de drt de aista DBETECTIA RADIATHLOR NUCLEAR 43 Comora x sintaie Uilzate senator pnts dtc radio oie der de a experiment Ruahefod incre stains partial O ct Ingotans tn erotica scot mloe Je Sota ria costes vaca mula fecceroice pon nace ein Ua stor ‘sci se compute din scion fromatplior, Sheba se ence 7 Fotis en 7 HS HEELS: 7 inti de mumarare eu copter cu sine se natn Fig. 4.19. spectrom de rata sin ale experimen, numer clon cate Ine cu un aaloe de apitatne + inp. reese de gare radioulnar mule cape T Absa ads mclaren cite umare prescalrde ia mie pe ere le pros sca pinnae cu mara ‘sitar . 2 Transforms ene pier de rite in sine ina ‘omission a ‘ud rin 0" dpa tse pre sian), ‘Miata fowcsodlfomaiistoaa eft ei cag 4 Ei e foc de ce cao flr To pe rina 5. Ampliicaes gumirl de lectoni tn sm de inode din fori Aliza input de caren I ise etoile cu sonora ptr sectonice wate ‘ict ete numa de otc ce ap rim nl, sarcina toa e apa fesse esc pote ieee ones DETECTIA RADIATILOR NUCLEARE my nde AF ete enol de mulipticre sacar in ftamaipieor Votoxea fu este determina de rinele par eae courte a ss Coton emigre A ene dria de manele de, Nt ‘siren de ems elena econ wea 45:1 Scinnatrul "Avid in vedere ele isclste wal suru et mail dia care ‘et constit un sitar wea rt st nour rope: i aba i cots de covenie 8 ceeyicl cece 2 ic Conversa iar mina bint fe proporonlaca ceria epost) pis en deni cation ‘Se tampa pein umina ei poiny & efealiao S tuna oles aet Timp omic (de xa mesa amin mit) ses ent 4 pte f genre polit apie Perry acas tic Fiorescen seca st se minialiezc cmb osforscei ‘Sti aia pics bute’ oa exnfctionatoie oma se ec dns pe revi res in pnt de vedere practic “Sua cle de refute appa dea stile (= 13} pina» emit xc amin din intr a ftonpet, ‘Com nic un mie ms ndeplines o mod el ore we condi, ego u snatorrespune ut compre ante de opal ue ‘secon elm lini scinistorst ciel anarganice alain, inte ‘ae Nal) ee el mal tsa og termi. Salim invcontinuars ceva de principle ccs ale acer put de indatr ‘Scinilator organi ‘Senator ogi ot lian fi deta do agegte (ers, (Slut ele (A) solu sols (pista). Prete de Miyresconts se acer sun seceni. inikpendet "de area de aegis ‘Acute a ded ful hse de ca nengaine le molecor ‘Stearn aclat i ee tet ride sop, dors exam Sint iteracune ire moccle. Sc sie co energi ner molecule ee ‘crm de congas sori ese Ge baie se oa Dist dine ive eersicecorspaaote deta coaguiue DETECT RADIATILOR NUCLEARE etonce sant mult mal mari el putin eu us oan de maine) dsit istanele dine nivelurie "Je ibe. apatiaied seat confgu ‘eon, ar started nisl de tse mt malt al me det “sted vette de vibra Fg 420 este rye na! ot ‘chemat, igre nisl energetce ale ane molecule corneas Sirtelr cou lca svete debra dose) Si carat acestora Tamale dite nivel eerste coe ‘eso pu deste coed coe det eV, OB es respec Ole Set Tel Necesiy tanpret seit pent lumina sist sailor ecu st dpeodcts sees ovat delice de unl mor [eden cere engi oir emi fe ate 23 c Cs mar, potty produce seitstlor se vor flo tunale ie tte coniaral Nose ale maccllsanume Ie te desing SS donee ne invelute supcsare roma de enrle exe mal mck Dt all isn dnt sae de vibe este mult mi mae esi ener eed ‘mostra Temperatura ame (0025 eV}, aproupe Tote molecule ‘cs in arene viva cen ma jus, Abort enerpe de Ta paca Poin, moeulle wee pent nage spear Fig. 420 ate DETECTIA RADIATILORNUCLEARE us vii srt int rin iano sm, Cosa ce ne neresea ee nisin de Tumis pot tata moleellr re diene nan letonsce Field rate superar corspnratne aS, deen raped (at ta tne teil #105) populand nell Sy. mis for de Fenn apr le taza Syste de vibra le sti lactose fname © Accs tec reper stale, sn nate pe Fito prin spe pt ojos. Timp vn al ar exc est bela minocemieor Molla ose at ctr fe xcare we SE tipi rt ce tin deta ve de olin 10'S, Raat emit tals 7 Screg fore occ de seat oar nat repcrina ctionea ia nena parc inten omer ia hanns vb" Rasps ‘itiatfor onan i purl rete pte relma ie expiant ri Tn ne cog cna subform defn de rece pe itt Per dL prec pa Sener cra, te ga rar unde S reper feces norman Aceon rlai ete ‘labia ind erste hi ol ee i scar depo iar de Sega fata price Pes hn in coniete apo et acct {tai ete vain ous pon snumieierate de enepe, acs Ferm au alu 0 sre Soest Ete de dort ea ceases de eile 1S'nv cil ma mae el conrbe scorns Ge dex care 32 Face pin emi de han ss ranairmare cao ene de exctae ie ‘Gis mic Eicatcs Je sci scintlitonior nani exe de pa its Dependent de tp # ipulsuli Tomine ese determin ait de ‘onsnta e tinp ce ecto prcesle Je populre univer ‘ronece din ete se produce © fuceceia pomp, it de consunta e Tin ce carcrirearn drei lr Prima comtant Je tin exe Je ‘loa aoorcundeo ur oa de bn ee de el supa oa ae Fant sca ap. Ca mre, pul Tams Sopide de at) ‘cnr organic sn de uratarl ir Crnalle angie pure Numa aac tena a rpc ve lib aru ot sina i ines oa a ince satilar = SoM) dep Torte mt de rca tac parler ona a ‘apo cual isaue DETECTIA RADIATILOR NUCLEARE 2 Solu organice lide. Se otn prin dare ital nun solvent ‘uizspmt Se lira in sonst ahi din sts se mance ot ‘ot 3 Scions panic. Aca reprint salu side Svinte in urna Plime slater formate prin delete un sinaor ngni -an Sven ‘Scns sb fr de soltiogaice bis sitar plac pot aves dimestni mama le Ste de i, es Ton a 310 4 Scitltrsb fara pce sti ogress mac Je 20 ng’ ee {ot tet dsets mater pallr zante. seins organi cu ada de mate cw mar, Sein ons cond cine oun se eg con ie) iat a propa potas ss asus ene pride Ucar, it dati comin de drogen sont uli a detec ‘euro prin inetd stir de recent at pus iat Stein racatior ama ead clemenie cat ein. Protests oops Scinitranorgoic ‘Scoot anasnict pot ah fonm anor ese anopanice oe activa ss a tgs on enon hi Ce tt at ‘eit apongani sunt NT Cay 2a) Mice ac ass cae ie silo spd dest omg dom e ean esa an tral pur, cts cost nc ut len as bende Se te fe Bene donde x uraue 2 ast emerge corepctare te I parlance tines in hd de emit Inbunds de vale, se nese Toto i nape pa npc bee meri al de fon vr ata dance walt ar absorb cu our ders Cum un al de procs ctr. kresctate afte pew. poducen acta 8 detach Parl. Pena nar probit! do ene fe ac feats mea eat etna scr nl pte at sae in ban ners tardereacarc te fice intra sora ‘ig 21) tain cisse at done veils consti scott “ect ut parte nae etl eo et eae a suaie mare de pre comp De samp ral Se Nal sat feces 20 eV peu cere eel po ecg Des peal incr care ine incl cial spe Wt MeV va en, nos. rst cot gol, Glu esc ite pit di ia lad [anes un nny mierda acvatoeW amecxa domrete nei de ‘Sa tsa ce nde una nape a ae ‘act dap. snl the gal pn fd ‘Stott pl cho Draco ee nd ! oti Fn a ae we sop Perc annie put Sebi fot eal re Scere Pa ag note eal ae ety Injumduies stir exc cede odin 10 Ace np inne Seer sero nS hao ona EUS cae Geman om laa pe ea eas Hasna mrp TMV i ope rele ene we 10" <012-12-10'eF ear curespunde Ia 41 fon ew energn de 3 eV Asse nse Specxsnai un fm pot eer pree eel yeni el {min emis ar lange dun ou se dt tama cea fem cesta pur ca uae mo este sbi essa Des cial sehr {stransparet pot aie ces Perce dn cite 8 wan protic it a mare fete mess ca timed ei del coves tens maine fmutipcatr ie fleece sats lua. Cel mn a str snnganié este stl de oda desu act ct. Ele ce Propane ence pout de hain (380) fn! spn Finn lecon (sts ft ams) pon donna eens pone fi pect intro tte variate de dimer = Kn te Pr won Insane st frm tw casts de Tin erat se nei Tuminoas,de'0.28 yx dest mas din cate eaurt mv. permite meet ‘ier mira pra eon sade5 DETECTIA RADIATILOR NUCLEARE 43.2 Fotomtiplcatrad ling provi dia sir ete wasforat de ftir Ingen sem ene Tee sbi ae nr un ah de tte ste de oon ete usta n-ne ial Be ‘dage un soot alain mare Un ftrligcaar coming ftcnod nts de clon de mulipicue «etna Fotos oe rl asf cit mat lt Tn uo nis in lcm de energie Trp de electron ube fb sees data ca pata Tuas Ca pe toc ‘Cid se umurese spore rai, rebvie va vedere sensbiinte acto in cet pods pes ata dea ins Ince pe supa 0 mine ma porn nome sir ‘Sicefcarater cmt deft cn Valores aceite de 2008 seein de hanes de und in incident. Numi mid oto eal te pt 10 keto, Stel empire N frees it some ae sh porns colecare ein Totter 'Stomul de rule arcu pes ‘oes soma Eton evade float st sea beat ocnenc spate St led runt dia Cam ‘tor inti leno oo ‘lsc dpe acto ete mi, fe oni y eV. au at put erga cu cae econ aan pe ei dios ene dtc span lnvegme de maninca sit de acceler apc, Cosel ese secundu 8 aus ide, defi en oun dest secundaemist Pent ise clacton e cade pe dod, depiade de ene lector Fede stra maria in care exe comets dno, Elston [see pia dood eat mk. de edi set eV ca trae, Star pha de cmp cost dre pena st dus in Aces Tatas tmp ine care bod ttre Da folio are AN node, sig toa (reper Toc ematical aorta vende ee atone cin aun Fn tina de lepine ino. Penis un tah ftomelipictr bine cmt vale ‘plat de unit. Valorie 6 sunt capnse ae 8 SD. Docs 8 este ‘Bost ate impulse prove dea fcecton cusses or {es ace amptttin laoenftoripitorl, ators ena flosrnic seca ete un posts suse, uae waloes IB ‘stan ea eve! evensnent iar abla standard se eal ck find eat cu in pte une dstibul Poisson apse de econ ‘Send a ere din nina sjunge det toatl aan ins dina, soni a Inmprsties timp de tant detemint ngines temporal 9 input lector ce jug and (F422). Aces npr nae teen munauf de fodacton pot pub Posy fenton Teoratipienorl ee pees esr de ensane exer cae tebe ie ‘stl eonecta ponte teal eae din fe sore pana Prima tno tebe se pot i ap cu cata ar care dno ce igen bute tie ona im apo ct in pects, Peibp DDETECTIA RADUATHLOR NICLEARE oleae een a cactus, arent de peta dine feat Fein cia webu He male me doit ites de petal di Ainoda Pom sliestre ae tar sng se de ina ei oh Avior de ensue frat ia ma mate resent, Mate te poate en ou arc yin temiane — sa fe porta iar ftctads fe Tet la pumanatFigt23) Bn ean Benepe Ftc ls dpm atta fenton se apie I cat Spe aod a estelr (Fe 23) ipsa C, exe determina de ano’ Tale de cone. Capac Se wabre,ce ave roll de arene dient depen pe uli Sad (ude sen exe mae) loot ona cu sintae Penn ch wn actor post fictions ck specter gama, ebuild ot dnt Tusk timencoch uo pmaiterzonbil, eng alae ama in sloop a intone ca tector bil pen aati cet. Prima fonse sc release care inser, Toa be proce imeratinea lair eu soso me 441 Ineractianea radial gama ev substata sinters Tneracne rir ‘ma css sito {numa cine rel scons Sp A. Becta fotoeecrie Fon gama cu ner 5y~ hy scot in cn depo tive aoe, elton ere Be By Bi BoB Conon pie, te ee de ear redo {respec tn sate . hain tom, Ut! sat ber ei plete lca te ouput dew eet de pe sh supa ‘setae aia X carci str spt Fae pot de DETECTIA RADIATHLOR NUCLEARE a Joe produce ef Ftc son lest ml sa epatism Dac ick Uma in acon tnt de folon om prseve scat sar cheer ‘Sector creat bul s eee tei nla orl a trea fe acca daca fil de rai games mente, In ‘Sal acesa uri enetgsn 1 levoulr va. preening Wt ‘cite fra une fii mit vide abort Fi. 4.24) B.Imprasirea Compton in-uyinpratiet Conon spar wn fn gama, mpi ab uo stunt ugh sun elon de acl martin ently Kao a Isr cl dos doin de unghie inpatients sa 2. we Se poate singe dos exe exten: » hea by Theme in pod vorma nan deter se reaver tte valor Oca amare, erg tans eleronll waver spt cota neve os “aloucs mina relia pty = x, Lid i sonra senna fcc reals o(@), forme dsbuel continue va cena Fy. 424, sunt enna Coton, Dalereta i ita min dibs Conon hy . ive Tay, Jno Pepe ose mar, coat retin ls mad ~ 0256 MeV ‘ae nin conser fp leon pe cree pode ft ‘Compon sunt ier erg elope Se ote See Bohm Emss nur de ngs gst Fini) tints Compton oot & ‘rl uepunor te! ronson Generar de perecht roc de grea de prehi serine clad ene ole ama on are ect pple era energie cits esc ‘Sorivonutl rut vor Le 2a Si vor compe pice in ‘tive mit” abort Graal omit tle a P Pec pret svt ast ™, (sub forma anti 3) In 0 Mins" de Ome de ceria oro a nde. Taig 42s sus daseate ‘ole de arate ots sta Le in sinistral vai conor eu scinae. nat exc {mpi Compton stn etal din suhlarcatocro-porieo| ise sah e425 442 Futile raps hin fc spn aclegem snbain ents «trl de ings vente rma or tractor posi adr ata dee Poona fac sum depnd’ Je een radio may de {incu wot side ober imnjut sur's decor {x Deo sv nts de dimensine mc ‘Dance um Scinr est mae au me Fn de ra tr mi aati gan scndate pode pin inteactuns adtor pm rine "Cum de ob) tt pars her meta ee Gets Siw senator ih yor Ree cea depsese 12cm Tn care din ‘fon esa pull facets rb si bao i nop I ‘otal ctr fn'uma proctclor de ieraiane ale radinilor gan cu sub scion date mt sam fenci pam are for dio Pa 42a font by, <2 me reps nF 4 268) pon hy >>" 2 me! Deoatee In sins mii ave oe nuns o sing iterate, apr ‘aia de sub vil Tele ai de so ctl Comp are ‘seo alse co porte sectiune sia weet Fone ces Ivy <2me? hy > 2me" 1 efi Complon in material scinlatoui. Pent cn se footie ms peste prapl de gone. apa n it de care dbl dere ot ot {oto de snaps dtc in al dnemsor mi sles 18 Detonator de dimers fore mare Te acest cond, tate rade secure, inci raaie gama Impasite Compton's oon dane trctinena nwo at feteconihis Dsoece tal ener adit gam amine fn inert ‘tector ample tuo mpulsrior vo orespnde esr ole ‘cur, dt vf felis pee in ser Tuo rt dia ee Compton i ines agopere spat in ‘intr pci cal, tl. nencliune sak oe depute Je rt C"Deecor usin de dimensise temedirs Tn set ca, prc dn tn rea igri Compton nuit a supe Sectoral pot pas detector. Be dora tn {sotor vt mre ds Timi Compton (pent 9 inguin) fname det eget (vr Reece) Ase de venom or Umpedameil spr. incu gener de preci pts scape ambi ftir in anit (ot sate dub) sta ul ie ee de pare ‘pl Dr seer eoa in ane ot pc at Cony Ina DDETECTIA RADIATHLOR NUCLEARE are fotolia scape din contr Eins de acest fel vor aven ‘mln to Goto! de ampitn apie ie vc de Cub seSpre Sia ote Prine euactesicle importante le fst espns. se mana Soar, Recs se dts cap ine aa supe de sb vk ‘shore tl (oi) ata sae tes net spn En se © masa dict 2 proba rude pam cae iene ot scion St dpans nen tegen ces Lenerp mat al oon ga vitae snl bl scape {uot fur prosminete sn ante condi evn aac det ftp Carma apart die ave suaftlr de sb soee vitae sb fotpic ete eomidert ce prorctate » Fit spinoy ce he jl Is Inpretaes sete complexe ton ce po comic ut pans [Pied cesronl secular ‘Aun lod densa eto su maf compara cu facil cconla seconds, o pate ne aceia pot pt etre ‘ite var ae eerie. Ages dela sore fact Septet fveimenete pesmi a Pee aati are. ton stcundat cu ea mie pt pie nega pip aie de Snare care putes seas tetra El pan eel tit dcr sn acl lapel pede, Shelters X cuatersice arma product fet foeletic te emis radii X ‘aractritch somo abso ae fon psp sitar tack Inteatianea se podace nse supe neva Era deport stir vf mu mis dct coat cu vale ene Fool X een ce cet evermentecu amplitude sats nine ope Var Fepestive we muss "ur deer” st propane energy ma I inerctiner se produce ma apronpe despite ite) it cto a care raportl rae vlum ste na are ‘Radi secundie cet propre suse ‘Dat sus de mat yaa cites aia bela pie 42 pote bana un vr copvatr ul fon de nia portico lost dn sur Dec pi fn gn, se foto Je ate Sse se ul sis ee radia et eztv, eto de energie mains vor prolice rade fine contsicalsursei gana Fo resto or mae pnts oo fant! suns dea DETECTIA RADIATILOR NUCLEARE bs roi eh arilor de sub vif, Pent iors conta sce fet, Se ley absorbant! pea rele hte da tril en tana tome Tete le terior nonuroae Touts matric nanan sus sl dtetorl pose de rai scant tri ttc coral pons emse de sn Rate Spec li apulurlor proven din detector pnts rai ma preitasows uvar jrl 2 02-035 NeW gum vet Se ‘Rioinjaticr. El av dior pndet in dtr 9 radar aba Feioinpatise de mtetalle ce inconjoar tector (ach su imprcire Compton os 0 > 2). Vr deratinpirs crs eit Fem inpata Compton eu 0 Wee carey 42> mc devine: by Tye . > sen ein prezei acest vi a 025 MeV st energie 3) A rit sundae Radaie ce par in ui etal fone, ros de radiate Mag) ate sats pe care aifueue gle a iris deen pe cae ive See Oa ‘dice i abies we rete do realy ont. Vaasa Petco fn ce put poste Fit prin cts eae Pek aun © ‘constant dsetica a msi lar p= densi de sari ae. Pe drei perpen pe ont (alco acest diets) 7 70 Sates srrma ett pcs | rere ses | eee se | to Sree dept mtn {conc so) on ieee pe apes e ieee atop he a { eases cans © a) a= a9 DDETECTIA RADIATILOR NUCLEARE a Regine skin peri cles propcat fare ative matin de (ise rubatilor rerio erste foarte mare In comparatie Iseralele dep psa sete ep fate de cele dou pa ae pone Pers cason © pl ae sua cet de o parc onan egies Staci rf ase i aa vega stacke de cae col elci at ‘mares lor conte eal lect de zk (46.3 Polarizarea insera a jnctunt ‘iter de pte, de inl 1, cee eax pejovtine ma poate goer un cinp elastic Sent de mare perms» face puri Je ‘in se mite Rte rapid. Veale lor de dt sunt vy pe ‘ectont sry = Epona gol, ude grein) motes aE nce einul clct Ca umare saci se ot obi 6m pf he uc pt i tem acca ot foe, Dats ass heme pracica md sust"uulate jn pola pees dts vaio Peta jptianea ck dee. Sapa o onsian exten in seal polart avon de ‘Sendo Toots pjoac oll ue diode va conde fare sab cat tune cid ote Paras iver 1a ate con prea Op pete rz nga rapot x paren de ip eft de eel fe oman ‘cm arr aver ee foarte mic Pen polizae ives mar, ‘ren ives crest sare eee dsm ‘Cind 0 jonsiune p= n ee paz inves, nveagn cadee de cial apr pe ees Sn ttn de sarin, Bure ese ‘Brean mace di unm mater de ppt de pw oon. Mi fe'ciren de pote pe joie nscun ea bute si cresch suing Spon agape exe scat line pe able ar ale spats de ‘Consider josie eat tzid un eis de ip p, Sopa nif er ence de impr acca Nexstar cape el {Tin stnga i 428) fap ones impure de ip ce ater peo {mnt dst sinew onconate de tp darate Ne saa ‘hla cam ee neat In Fp 42 interme nts polar inverse pt bine ma sor alin odin zat nai! de ac spi c cex in Fist 29, Tmacet cond desis Je saci spt et pe se do ps te jonetonim DETECTIA RADIATILOR NUCLEAR ey Caees) Aci ooosident ot ifizn cleo dice 1a sind spt uate oir (parca daneror lara) «an bs Peru 0p ph fant a iin slr dace 9 me Sarin pai gata (panes cu scp) rope Orth dpe pacn crap, _ Deca sina tt net tae fe sony al Frio oa Fea Me Cacas) a9) wersh ote Ineprnd apicing conse iia care era B= -do/de se alee ‘Wambele magi le sitet aol %) " Sf oan a ap [tte coceen oH of (420) Fon corespunztoare a cimpulii ckctie E=-dode este indents in Fig430.ltgrnd fea dat, se one poten electric p(s). Dish se sepieat valaren io «poten de contact, de ott pe Jncie este chiar Yabres peal avers spa. Ca ware, pale Ape conile de marine pear si gttya0 aan Sti i forma DDETECTIR RADIATILOR NUCLEARE a ease? [Me eat er Gacrsoy eda] 25 am Meee bY were) Depart de able be ah ace ah = 0, pt figs! e E 2 ay) ten lacpimes tau eon sac, pe cre © Ween matt ew ee itenes ‘sama pear se etn rin spy ich . seat (29) ‘Not um pesupas dope pe pare dein el em mae det pe pea dep DiNo A) Scun Noo” Ny sezia b™ aseea amare, an spi ede iat pe pace de pp dat pe conde im Atx sete mast cme 22) ws mpc ope fo pin Seber 3 rein yee SAMEUILES uence tre » ne} an st pc ga me orto Sri ol cps xe mh sient Cet a Dan es pone rio a el 4 = (20h yp,)"" 427) Dow a ot pc mma ei scien Sa ns en ems SEESne DETECTA RADIATILOR NUCLEARE DDETECTIA RADIATHLOR NUCLEARE ns soma ude cl amas Soe Pak coon oe ee ee ee re ote lpi tte ep ay 0 ree angi test ce rs mt mone ct smb spat ci ae ee a Seog areas seem eal aera cree uae ie en am et Fa tote cu petal apet ca VP” pate sings woe P= 10" ‘imincondti pce. Valen main eosin de ree si sub tenia se seapangre pon 9 ev Slr wero econ in contzie,jonctinen p— w poarizat iaver este un detector de ‘alia ase, doar partaor de asin eet repunch scp folate Laren run site crn velar ses ‘dsc pate ies vary ven Vara cy “arbi al orci semicondutosr exten led de rain {st uit eeoda cu be wane Capac deco part sat Sarhoa oe asnotea eu testes plea, tar fueioaren ahi core Uieates uo eesimplicatod sep ase xi Gert configura de detect cu weicondactr decor el Jinn czas deter! eu bare de saat, str imple {etn comp ss c= 428) E 46.4 Caractere de ers Caren de scurgere ‘ind sea tensane pe detector Gooctoe), s¢ obser un mc caren de oni miceanpeio: Ass manos caren de eget {fcmiea de nal sult com arf anerane ncn He ae ‘rat bon. sonere rma peer lasing i ens strc, varie mar de tense pe dtnte mic marine joni ‘acest crc de Saree po alan fnctionen. tol ack eae Knott‘ teestr Seve. Tn conte cand corel de sce ae Sateen Je mar, eer de pote pe seritor posto miss psc Posen pe delctur Ca mare, ee recor ch sua de tena peer ester, De aces ete nest de «tia erent de ‘Sarge Lao incon alton, alone care de scrote se ete ton Once varie cet de cigs @ maces Perfomantlr dtc ae pot aya eatin strc {Zeomoruldezcoralt ‘Stated om pot impart in tire Ty Phot le cae de sere eae im volem, Contbtin ‘cesta pote mice morta temper rah, 2, Factual cure de serge pe saat Aeete dpind de ned de aber a detoson 3. Zeon Jolson. slat cu rinse f seis contact elece osrcpastare Ta date Ace pe Mort lin ta dacs Aiea deotr complt sk Suse de zgomot conic ls grea virlii_de_aburbie totals eves net sunt cae W sas in ll wnat (OW ca (Wasa Weg) se alu a pln detrital satsice ce ‘rilizeaz proces gene de pur devia nn fi poe toa iru de aso wl Di ele newer ce Ke Ain de caters deta ‘Schimbartdatrate enstuni de olartzare 2 detectors Pe tens -de poate st clpt clerics mii ealimen insta di de rie opie complet ost sit cont st eeseh eins ip, Acute ra ea nce purr ‘sarc ca uae a tap sa eorbl gal nett paul inedente,Fraciunes em ‘este cleat descrate oy crete, put tle. Cin empl lteetsafint de mrecoletren sur devine ‘mpl sna puso nu se al olen tn ereeren loa ‘etn de polite detec Acca eine de fois se mame ‘lune de arr tsoespande regio de une nis in cane ‘Aun cn sc tata aii dedi nei one peice cst gga des has nope de sturia he DDETECTIA RADIATHILOR NUCLEARE ac nesta cmp leet cesu pea ml pt par rowan slept de ssi dkowres elacton cia in clmp Saleen ens pert a prace mips elect ol fn pa {edetconmutiiares pte esl penn at als emp sre Se T-i0" Win. Acta Sic la sprta ect de area enegior ma le ‘et desi ta dis ct apn Timp de eestor «mpusuha lacs erat En contra tel de err mpl sate Se Stina 10 essai pti Fe cope in np de raat a enor ‘Simpl pla Timp i roi al sarin orespend mig ssn gluon ferme de rai nid pri regina lp ies in ees st pnt Herat mig inten cpl misorind si unde ese cxprit in sot, Inc p~ mabe eleconior, Su tesanen pia vo dos conponcat sumi tnp de plama, irvine cd rain inside ooine parce lft sa agent de sige fr acs cot estes de eres ecco - ola anal waetr pate xe en ‘de mre pr foo un nord acne o paste came intra de nena eampalt let Numat prt de sui arn noms ‘Stet de in ince rere se. Saree in ctor sr Incepe sh mitze nua dupa seen exteoar fens Tp Je plas este deta dep ecsr dps pode sacna pi al veare we produce 0 colccare normal Tanpol tl de cess pone ‘ant de propel premio rears de intrare sa sal mor? ‘Aun! cand deco ee iit pete decrease faces pce sete pot pled ate semmteaoa de ener Tot 1 june fn volun set cla: Aces pede re be eee Pei srt mort ce curinds at sora metalic i uns de [sme varias cose afl ims sv cle Gone stl oct ‘End de tebnce se sete st de diferent de polo pica La pte ‘erin vain? unghie icin unl Tse! moncenergetie de force nce, Pere de emi In ces Sto ates Feo {hens e detector. Ta spectomeia de ial reohae » paler insane cste ane importer postmen stall tect mic DETECTIA RADIATILOR NUCLEAR hr ‘Trebuie smi mention fp <8 pieneres de enc de ete ramcuel onvnte nner epee dra ere astok se mise Ca tre, pet wt a, © bn reali te tees ‘no SaveMev Ca pice tun Tanase A decor espeatcur pe || feevar tare vo Same] Deseo produce de | eae pune pelunia ‘ur eens eri pate aoa seta (Calbrarea energetic Deoaroe essa eens fe proximate 1% ee Intamte inpulsrtor dhe parscatorde net fei dar avin © 9G 90129 150 189” i se face enlnaea ce a ari sacle fel Suet Pea sn mah iat ete Arm ‘ecm parle aft cb nea do S86. MeV (85%) oh S483 MeV (135) hig 439). Co =o ‘izes asia ae sara web ae in sear de ener pied acest rae ts Tn sus a rice matali Suna deer proc 95 Fecasa detection smn Namie mpl aa 46.3 Aplieatl ale detector ex dod ew seta De a devotes Trea cctor(in imi an il 14 dole eu si advent pera ptr jr pati cae st implicate pariulle nearer ‘Neanjleulivaetsorlo ey semiconductor snore ceptlon de bin arcs de etre (nro) fou une fre deine fart sot opis mance ope) Dimcasivie mit pa vanjose lun cat dar drs caBe DDETECTIA RADIATILOR NUCLEARE sunt neste supefee ml. Se pot Hs spat Je ps 20 dar ‘ipcta mare duce lao folie eergsih ma is. De oie sea (inte |g Sc - Gasca rnc ative asc npr de sari) ere ‘Bets diners pion caat spoils pot ra dteton cde Sem Menioram etva dae aplcaie eestor dese, Spectrscopiapareutelr alls ‘Dios ia celeteazs la tepermua case ext un tector spoape al prt paral all al on we Pero ler ext esa in repsrre qectelr enor ure manners depute acum at Bi Am (ig 431) Daccons cv sie de daneriun mic au feral erga de 1011 Ke ar pen ce de denn a ar acess ete 1320 KeV, dont ane sve. armen lis a serine ‘Ste de $3 KeV pens putcale acu ener de Mv Lista vist So ‘pics prin conbuts precio slewron = pl crest de mice de rca, ‘seule clea suena vari le eerie lel de pica ‘al mor dela sop detton,Petu panicle de ene mh 5 ‘keto de eapaciate mane, consi paras Ia lige rua © doe ono easton. ‘eoarcs alesse sre de aire a wri de sborte woas ant Independent, Se pot ada ele ig toa a janes ai ptr btn pial gi a semaine ret Spectratcopi onlor gre a ragmenteor define 'Asfel deo eer o dest ae de prato de acini Fung ies pois een sccm este ees se mens erent de potential apcans pe ter Lo acl inp. cites elu 2 Uor Sul don dss a dteroraendtetrll moder crs de fuer Henificarea particulelor ents eiaren parcels ize srl lescospe de ‘eae «pacar ae permit mse iter de cere pe uae de pace didn cu un dtssor foe subi in corparae 6 pares pars (cate pede de ene de ete partial et meas) ‘estes pci prtcule cu decor desi obs, 4 1-Detctort ew germanin petra adit gaa Detector cu semiconductor dieu in panyrfal precede! sunt Andi pon rat cu prc se darn pt taza et rao red pander mare tor nr volun act (repunes rat) Ta DETECTIA RADIATHLOR NUCLEARE bs ‘maxim 2 mm, Dap cum am as, yon ei tite te dat de 26), . Fi fee} “ew unde ete tensanes de poluizate invest iar N este concentatin nett do lmpariaie Hs volumul de material semiconductr. Penta o tensa apiata 4, 0 adincime mai mare a epuntsricite poate fl obtinut pin micorare onteatet mpurstilr, '. Acest obicev pate fats i dou Duo Primal consi apices or ten capil sh roc encarta pom oie o adineime de sre de 10 gum uo 0 ensiane de polaare Invent de mai putin de 100) V. Detector confection din acest erm tka ur se names detector ca german inns sau detect ew germane te inalia purine (HPG ~ high pur germanium) si pot aie adc Be ‘Scie de cm sau chiar mai mt. A dova meted de feducere a concentrates ‘ote de stmpuriate ese de ce un Rei coaspenst In care inpuntiie ‘eaidule sunt contabulinsate de stom dopant de tip opus asind ceca onouate. Acosta se vealizeaza prin pared cit de Li penta compensa frmpurtiile dupa ce erstlol 2 fost seat. In fell eens iopurlie sccepoare su contrabalanste pe @ rime dep Is 2 em prin aspen ‘ome dona intestital de fi. Material erat are propitious Imateral intense sau pur, Aes detection se mimese GetLi) Fi ms dcvenit spon dupa 1960 au sit ca detector de germnia eu volum mare tip ‘de dou deceni. Posibiiates obinet germanialu de iat par ‘pa 1980 a oft o noun slerata, descr de tg HPGe. Spre Seictori: Ge(Li) care tebuie mein fot tmpal a tenperatrs jos, 47. Caracteritele de her ale decor ew germania Daria micmis intra (0.7 eV) tar oct a temmuia de ore tp la tpratua cate ese posi dae slr Pn cucnau de seu ds ere He eta 77K eel wt ‘us Dewar in cave un cero de oo bid ene mew aco feo ‘ccna en deat Gat) empezar men coin tra a proves reinburce cotta 3 ee proce ahd0 DDETECTIA RADIATILORNUCLEARE Deter ebuie meoinut nan fost clams, vida pent a ‘pita condi lomo te cil # acu lncnjuor. lo apoperea rune de sina german Costa pat nat fe vas Dewar cat Feiner mdr acted coe expres Preampiestrl ste facut ca pte cc cist. tet ect mat spspe de deter oi nisin capac, Resoltiaonergtied Soponontes dcr cu gemnaiy pv resis ere emits separ linlor corepunaare nor encore spp Se ‘nin nercotate in ean cla spss obit cw under cu wie ‘tical, evalua ent ttla obtinus cu un sistem de detetie ex seneant ene deca de cmbice el ctor iptteea tick Irena # numirl de purr de sarc (1M), ws ale fiat alec saeintor (0). contr le oma siete (Ppa) Came fin ace fat ete domingt. dene de chen adr, inetstnea fate detect tz At gies tt a juiates ex, av, a ual vt te di spect moe le rela SM Shute a mete ingame src fee oi oar au esis a eght peo Sickness! Sout See Siew el cei mit rte sna impasse De thm yore oven autho on pce a a Tempo eV) 42.2, Specirometria radiator gama ev detetori ew german ‘enn matures energilor mat tar de cites sue de KEV ale alr gaa exis doa eatapoe Je detect scala orn ite ‘are eel ma bun sie Nal?) sh selon c semoaductet cu gemn, ‘Aopere abun dtr care involve ehcaten te minaret tol erg eit Nal} a vanaf cp es mosis ma ie, peut cr doen mae 8 omit po dace Topo Ineracine ale radii gana ste mai. Nutra soi eave a ihr niguno fathered imac nce nega ear ana {Se conpltabstbn ge urna Renfcta (actuns de evenmete st Si ivr de abe tala seni nsec de atime apa) ‘Sfercuaw mare eel neg inate eens eli gross Detector cu germaniu resis © spre es ape cl revue sere me “ede ec pana fear apepiste. Sette cu germans bem © ‘oli ceva wm de proce n cma cu 10% pen NT). ba ras bs ose ol miso cacao ap cn sd ein ah Sneanio ama t e ‘Crna a molt fate som mich Ase uli deravanxe Staprste ea cers uproar Dt settee OF Sersiesi hs et cere eng hm poi ir imp a tn case po sada, Metl condows a tem lr detect cv geman unpre pents ain specter yan sompee ce pli mle vt. Alegent al pus ‘den ci sun ie utc if tines cand mre Simca teal mort Oct dermis pec eget Pe de fia‘pae,chccinea mot mie, acacia ae 9 Sl ere ‘Shalala foareso opiate Finite rata i ale ofa de, dete sunt secon pot dest Gel HPO de deri Frm Fina raspons ‘rove de abe sas, prac Compan i genera de petehipo sont ata apne ob owl me a so ETNalt, Nani mie at eu Goa dimennie a mt ae sock Save Is ete eid pts str tsa ale spec Je Nuri trie mi mica Ge deb 0 setae face ecu felsic de 10-3 oak Se al, ec pont loan ‘esac verre mula mit dy, tr gti oe vr Stata ate venimonle ce cob ni de sh ol 4 ner coin Io ar me mss ern multi cps {Compton ume Ue abort file ton Ips a sora ‘oat can sig vimentin a. 1 Pata contin Conon ete pert ore ite Compton Tid scien ec wa tater en youn a pra ‘re nara de gta cal pl 9 mul epDETECTIA RADIATIILORNUCLEARE uy conti Compt sit Vr eset Pate cota ee 3 i a Sensi corp plat pnd oc une ete res spe ‘ “filed cgi joe wn ol a ingratdtt asprn det ps at ge acct Persad" in Smt shor ea nl mel cin tata aor supa, Ass ade In i Sepia Ire nti de cu i Ea (oven rier sero el Ra gerne), Astle re sa prone It ‘erg it ale radu arn uve eer foe cata posal ‘Timer orice mt apeape desma ean ineneg mae rr anode errr de pero ita peter cea dt fo cue de O17 MeY. dct ‘genni exo nar pba cn rl sa ani fan tape Set vorapre rte de wap csyameone Pl dedi pare fue clei co 1022 MeV qn ck Oc vit de eee Wl at {rh ding spre apr neg S11 Me ms ds ‘inti coreansa aber nner ‘eats poeminct acer ro sie ut ie ed po eter ceeis rate nen Ciibvarcn energies. 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