Analisis de Señales Libro

ANLISIS DE SEALES
Asignatura
UDABOL Universidad de Aquino Bolivia
1
Clases Ing. Roman Villarroel Meruvia
Anlisis de Seales
Parisaca Cuchallo Brenda Vivian.

Colque Garcia Gabriel.
Flores Martines Beymar.
UDABOL Universidad de Aquino Bolivia

GESTION 1/2017
2
Contenido
Anlisis de Seales ...................................................................................................................................................1
UDABOL Universidad de Aquino Bolivia...........................................................................................................1
1. VALOR MEDIO Y VALOR EFICAZ ..................................................................................................................................4
1.1. Valor Medio: ............................................................................................................................................4
1.2. Valor Eficaz:..............................................................................................................................................4
1.3. EJERCICIOS: ...............................................................................................................................................4
2. SERIES DE FOURIER: ............................................................................................................................................ 12
2.1. Frmulas:.................................................................................................................................................... 12
3. TRANSFORMADA DE FOURIER: ................................................................................................................................ 26
3.1. Frmulas:............................................................................................................................................... 26
3.2. EJERCICIOS: ............................................................................................................................................ 27
3
1. VALOR MEDIO Y VALOR EFICAZ
En las seales peridicas, que estas se van a caracterizar por los denominados valores medios y eficaces.
1.1. Valor Medio:

Valor medio por definicin, para una funcin peridica de periodo T, es la media algebraica de los
valores instantneos durante un periodo:
1
= 0 ()

A= rea
T= periodo
1.2. Valor Eficaz:

Valor eficaz es la media cuadrtica de los valores instantneos durante un periodo completo:
1
= 0 [()]2

T= periodo
1.3. EJERCICIOS:
1
1. = 0 ()
1
= 0 ()
= +
= +
1
=0
2 1 0
= =
2 1
20
2
=

2
() =

02
2
= 2
4
2
=

2
0
() = { 2
2
+ 2 <
2
1
= ()
0

1 2 2 2
= [ + ( + 2) ]
0
2

1 2 2 2 2 2
= | | + 2 |
2 2
[ 0 2 2]
2
1 2 2 2 2
= [ (( ) 0) ( ( ) ) + 2 ( )]
2 2 2 2
2
1 3 2
= [ ( ) ( ) + 2 ( )]
4 4 2
1 3 4
= [ + ] =
4 4 4 2
2
= =
4 2

= = = =
2 2 2

5
2. () = sin()
1
= sin
0
2
= sin
2 0
2
= (cos | )
2 0

= (cos 2 cos 0)
2

= (0) = 0 2
2
1
3. = 0 2 ()
1 2
= ()
0
1 2
= ( sin )2
2 0
2 2 2
= sin ()
2 0
2
sin2() =
0
= 3.1416
2 = 2 3.1416
2
=
2

=
2
1
4. = 0 ()
1
= () =
0

= =
2 2
1
= 2 ()
0
0
() = = =
0

() =
6
1 2
= ( )
0
2
= 3 2
0
2 3 03
= 3 ( )
3 3
2
=
3
2
2
. . = = 3 =
3
2
2
5. () =
() 2
= =
0
1 2
= (())
0
2
1 2
= ( )
0
1 42 42
= [ 2 2 + 2 ]
0 0 0
42 3 42 2 2
= 3 ( | ) 2 ( | ) + ( | )
3 0 2 0 0
42 3 42 2 2
= 2
( 03 ) 2
( 02 ) + ( 0)
3 2
42
= 22 + 2
3
4 6 3
= +
3 3 3

=
3
7
6. () = 100 + 25 sin 3 + 10 sin 5()
1 2 2
= [ 100 + 25 sin 3 + 10 sin 5 ]
0 0 0
1
= 100

= 100
7.

0 0 < < 3
() = {
= 2
3 < <
1
= ()
0

1 3
= 0 + sin()
0
3
1
= [ (cos cos )]
3
1
= [1 ]
2
3
=
2
3 1
=
2 3.1416
= 0.48
1
= sin()2

3
2 2
= [ sin () ]

3
2
= (1.2637)

= 0.40222
= 0.634
8
8.
2 1
= (10 7 )
3 3
= 4.33[]
1 2 49
= (100 )
3 3
249
=
3
= 9.1 []
9.
45

4 0<<4
() =
45 4<<8
+ 45
{ 4
1 4 45 2 8
45 2
= [ ( ) 2 + ( + 45) ]
8 0 4 4 4
1 64
= [(11,25)2 ( ) + 2700]
8 3
1
= [2 + 2700]
8
9
1350
=
2
= 25,981[]
10.
3
311 sin() <<
8
1 () {
3
0 0 < < 8
1
= [ 311 sin()]
8 3
8
311
= (1.3826834)
8
= 53,752[]
11.
T=2
1
12. = 0 ( sin )2
2 2
= sin
0
2 2 sin 2()
= ( )|
4 0
10
2 2 sin 2 2(0) 0
= ( )
4 4
2 2(2) sin 2(2)

= ( )
2 4
2 4 sin 4
= ( )
2 4

=
2
13. = 10 200
T=0,05
1
= 10 200
0

1
= [10 200 ]
0

= 0,999 = 1
1
= (10 200 )2
0

1
= 10 ( 200 )2
0
400
= |
400 0
= 0,2499
11
2. SERIES DE FOURIER:
Una serie de Fourier es una serie infinita que converge puntualmente a una funcin
peridica y continua a trozos (o por partes).
Las series de Fourier constituyen la herramienta matemtica bsica del anlisis de

Fourier empleado para analizar funciones peridicas a travs de la descomposicin
de dicha funcin en una suma infinita de funciones sinusoidales mucho ms simples
(como combinacin de senos y cosenos con frecuencias enteras).
2.1. Frmulas:
Valor Medio
12
2.2. EJERCICIOS:
Sistema de Fourier.
1.-
1
() = 2 0 + 1 cos + 2 cos2 + + cos n .
1
+ 1 sin + 2 sin2 + + sin n .
2 0
2
0 1
0 = () cos = 2 ( () )
0
1
1
Valor Medio = 0 ()
Expresin Exponencial de las Sistemas de Fourier.
= cos + j sin
+ = cos j sin
2 + 2 = 2 cos 2
2 + 2
cos 2 =
2

sin =
2
0 + 2 + 2 +
() = + 1 ( ) + 2 ( ) + + ( )
2 2 2 2
2 + 2 +
+ 1 ( ) + 2 ( ) + + ( )
2 2 2
0
() = ( 2 2) + + ( 22 22 ) + + ( 22 22 ) + ( 22 22 ) 2 + +
2

( 2 2)
13
() = + () (1) + (2) (2) + + 2 2 + 1 +0
+ 1 + 2 2 + + 2 (2) + 1 (1) +
1 1 0
= ( + ); = ( ); 0 =
2 2 2
2
() ()
0
2 2

= + + 2 2
0 0
2 2 1 2
1
+ 1 + 0 + +
0 0 0 =
2
() = (2 0) = 2
0
2.-
0 2 3 wt
-V
1
= ()
0
= 2
F(t)= V 0
-V 2
2
1
= ( + () )
2 0
14
2
( | | )= (( 0 ) ( 2 ))
2 0 2

= ( 1 2 + )
2

= (2 2 1)
2 -1 n=impar
0
2 = cos sin
1 n=par
2 = cos 2 sin 2
1
1 0
= (2( )11)
2 1

= 2 (2 2)/= = 0

= (2 2)/=
2
2
4 2 2
= = = /
2 =
2 2 2 2
() = (1) + + (3) + (1) + 0 + (1) +
3
2 2
(3) + + ()
3
2 3 2 2 2 3
() = + + +0
3 3
-5 -3 -1 0 1 3 5
= +
15
+ = 2
1
= ( + )
2
1
=
2
3.-
0 2 3 4
-V
= 2
0<<
() = { }
< < 2
1
() = 0 + 1 cos + 2 cos2 + + cos n .
2
1
Valor Medio
2 0
+ 1 sin + 2 sin2 + + sin n .
16
2
= () cos
0
2
= () sin
0
2
0 = () cos 0
0
1
0 = 2 ( 0 ()) = 0 Valor Medio.
2
2
= [ cos + cos ]
2 0
1 1 2
= [ sin | sin | ]
0
= 0
2 2
= 2 = = =1
2
2
2
= [ sin + sin ]
2 0
1 1 2
= [ cos | + cos | ]
0
1 2
= [ cos | + cos | ]
0
-1 -1
1 1

= [(cos + cos 0) + (cos 2 cos )]

1 1
4
= [2 + 2] =

4 4 4
() = 0 + 0 + sin + 0 + sin 3 + sin 5
3 5
4
sin

17
4
sin 3
3
4
sin 5
5
0 1 2 3 4 5
4.-
2 4
2
= = =
2 2 2
1 1
() = + {sin + sin 2 + sin 3 + }
2 2 3
1 1
= ( + ) = (0 + ) =
2 2 2
1 1
= ( + ) = ( + 0) = =
2 2 2 2

() = () + + (2) + (1) + + (1)
2() 2(2) 2(1) 2 2(1)

+ (2) +
2(2)
5.- V
0 2 4 6
18

() = 0 < < 2
2
= 2
1 1 2
0 = ( )
2 2 0 2
1
1 2 2
= = =
2 0 2 2
2 2
= ( ) cos
2 0 2
2
1 2
= ( cos cos )
0 2 0
x cos
() = +
= = = cos
1
= = sin

1 1 1
cos = ( sin sin sin )

1 1
sin ( ) cos

1 1 1
cos = sin | + 2 cos |

1 2 1 2 1
= (( ) sin | ( sin | + 2 cos |2
0 ))
0 2 0
1 1 2
= ( (sin 2 sin 0) ( sin 2))
2
19
6.-
V = 0
4
= 2 2 /=
2 wt
4 4 4
() = + 2 cos + (3)2 cos 3 + (5)2 5 +
2
1 1
= ( + ); = ( + )
2 2
1 4 2
= ( + 0) = =
2 2 2 2 2
1 4 2
= (0 + 2 2 ) = 2 2
2
2 (3)
2 (1)
2 (1)
2
() = + + + + + (3)
(3)2 2 (1)2 2 2 (1)2 2 (3)2 2
+
2 3 2 2 2 3
() = + + 2 + + 2 + 2 +
9 2 2 9
7.-
= 2

0<<
() { }

+ < < 2

20
1
() = 0 + 1 cos + 2 cos +
2
+1 sin + 2 sin +
2

+ +
0
1 1
[( 0) ( 2 0 (2 )) + (4 2 2 )]
2 2 2
1 1
[( 0) ( 2 0) (2 ) + (4 2 2 )]
2 2 2
2 3 2
[ ]= () =
2 2 2 2 2
2
2
= 2 = =
2 4 2
2
= () cos
0
2
2
= [ ( ) cos + ( ) cos ]
2 0
1 2
1 2
= [ cos cos cos + cos ]
0 0
0 1 1
= [(sin sin 0) (2) 0 + (2)]

2 2 4
= [ + ]=
2
1 2
1
= 0 = [ (1 ) sin + (1 + ) sin ]
0
21
8.- Determin las Series de Fourier.
Vp
0 2 3 4
() = sin()
2
0 = ( sin())
0
2
0 = [ cos()]|
0
2
0 = 2

4
0 =

2
= ( sin() cos(2 ))
0
2 cos(2 ) cos(2 )
= [ ]|
2(2 + 1) 2(2 1) 0
2 cos(2) cos(2)
= [ + ]
2(2 + 1) 2(2 1) 2(2 + 1) 2(2 1)
cos(2) cos(2)
= +
(2 + 1) (2 1) (2 + 1) (2 1)
22
2 2
=
(2 + 1) (2 1)
4
=
(2 1)(2 + 1)
2
= ( sin() sin(2))
0
2 sin(2 ) sin(2 + )
= [ ]
2(2 1) 2(2 + 1)
2 sin(2) sin(2)
= [ ]
2(2 + 1) 2(2 1)
sin(2) sin(2)
=
(2 + 1) (2 1)
= 0
Serie de Fourier:

2 4
+ [ cos(2)]
(2 1)(2 + 1)
=1
9.-
18 sin() < < 2

() = { = 2 = 1
< < 2; = 2;
Series Trigonomtrica:
1 2 1 2 36
= ( (18 sin()) + ) = ([18 cos()] | [0]| ) = 0 =
0
1 2
= (0 (18 sin() cos()) + (0 cos()))
23
1 9 cos( ) 9 cos( ) 2
= ([ ] | + [0]| )
1 +1 0
1 9 cos() 9 cos() 9 9
= ( + )
+1 1 +1 1
9 cos() 9 cos() 9 9
= +
( + 1) ( 1) ( + 1) ( 1)
9(1) 9(1) 9 9 18((1) + 1)

= + = =
( + 1) ( 1) ( 1) ( 1) ( 1)( + 1)
2
1
= ( (18 sin() sin()) + ( sin()))
0
1 9 sin( ) 9 sin( + ) 2 1 9 sin() 9 sin()

= ([ ] | + [0]| ) = ( )
1 +1 0 +1 1
9 sin() 9 sin()
= = = 0
( 1) ( 1)
Serie Trigonomtrica:

18 18((1) + 1)
+( cos())
( 1)( + 1)
=1
2 2
1 1 2
Serie Exponencial: = 2 0 (18 sin() 2 ) + 2 (0 2 )
2
2 2
Donde: 2 = cos ( 2) sin ( 2)
9 cos( ) 9 cos( + ) 9 9
= ( ) cos() +
2( 1) 2( + 1) 2( + 1) 2( 1)
9 9
+( ) ()
2( 1) 2( + 1)
9 9 9 9
= ( ) (1) +
2( + 1) 2( 1) 2( + 1) 2( 1)
Sede Exponencial:
24

9 9 9 9
() = ((( ) (1) + ) )
2( + 1) 2( 1) 2( 1) 2( 1)
=
9 9
+
2 2
25
3. TRANSFORMADA DE FOURIER:
La transformada de Fourier es bsicamente el espectro de frecuencias de una funcin. Un buen ejemplo de eso
es lo que hace el odo humano, ya que recibe una onda auditiva y la transforma en una descomposicin en
distintas frecuencias (que es lo que finalmente se escucha). El odo humano va percibiendo distintas
frecuencias a medida que pasa el tiempo, sin embargo, la transformada de Fourier contiene todas las
frecuencias del tiempo durante el cual existi la seal; es decir, en la transformada de Fourier se obtiene un
slo espectro de frecuencias para toda la funcin.
3.1. Frmulas:
26
3.2. EJERCICIOS:
V
1 1 0
1 (1 ) = 21 = 0
0
1 =
2
() = 0 > 1
> 1
x(t) = ()
0
() = x(t)
0

2
(0 ) = 0 ; = 20 =
0
=
1
=
2 0
27
()
1
= 0
1 0 () 0
1
0
1
() = ()
0
2

1
0
= 0
0 () 0

(0 ) = () 0
1
= 0
(0 )

1
0 () = (0 ) 0
2
=
2
0 0 = 0
0
0

1
0 () = ( )
2
=
lim ; lim 0
0 .
()
28
1
() = ()
2
{()}
() ()
() = ()
()

{()} = 0 (1) ( 0 ) ; 0 > 0

{()} = 0 (+)
(+)
{()} = [ ]
+ 0
1 2
1
{()} = ( (+) (+)0 )
+ 1 0 2 0
1
{()} = (0 1)
+
1
{()} =
+

() = {()} = () -> Transformada de Fourier
*Comparando con las tablas del Apndice (hojas finales del libreto):
1
()
+
() ()
Propiedad de desplazamiento en el tiempo:

{()} = ()

{( 0 )} = ( 0 )

= 0 ; = + 0

{()} = () (+0 )

29

{()} = () 0

{()} = 0 [ () ] ()

{( 0 )} = 0 ()

Si
() ()
Entonces:
( 0 ) 0 ()
Propiedad de Dualidad:
1
() = ()
2

2 () = ()

2 () = ()

{()} = ()

() 2()
Si:
() ()
() 2()
30
()
() 2a
1 () = ?
-a t
0 a 0

1 < < ; < ||

() {
0 > ||

() = ()

() = 0 + + 0

1 1 1
() = | | = ( () ) = ( )

Aplicando el teorema de Euler, tenemos que:
( ) 2
() =
2
2 2 sin
() = sin =

Teorema de Euler:
= cos + j sin
- = cos j sin
2
= sin
2
sin
() = ; () = ?

2 sin
()
() ()
31
() 2 ()
2 sin 1
[ 2 () ] ; () = ()
2
sin
()

1 < ||
() () = {
0 >||
0
-a 0 a
Si:
() ()
() 2()
sin
0
() ()
2 sin
()

() = || ; > 0
() = ?
; < 0
() {
; > 0
1
() = ()

32
0 0
() = + => () + (+)
0 0
0
1 1
() = ( ) () ] + ( ) (+) ]

0
1 1 1 1 + +
() = (1 0) (0 1) => () = + =>
+ + 2 ()2
2
() =
2 + 2
() ()
2
||
2 + 2
-3a -2a -a a 2a 3a
() 1
() = 2() + ; () = () () =
+ 1
()
() = 2() + () () =
2 +
2 +
() =
1 +
1 1 1
() = ( )+( )= = +
2 + 1 + (2 + )(1 + ) + +
33
+ + 2 + = 1
+ = 0
=
+ + 2 = 1 ; =
+ +
() + (2) = 1
= 1
.
= 1
. :
+ + 2 + = 1
(1) + (1) + 2(1) + (1) = 1
1 1
() = ( )( )
1 + 2 +
() = () 2 ()
1 () 1
() = () => = [ () ]
2 2
() 1 () 1
= () => =
2 2 ()
()
= ()

() ()
()
()

()
() =
()
, ,
() + 2() = () + ()
() + 2() = () + ()
(2 + ) () = (1 + ) ()
() 1 + 1 + + 1 1 1 + + 1 1 2 + 1
() = = = = =
() 2 + 2 + 2 + 2 + 2 +
34
1
() = 1
2 +
1
() = 1 (1) 1 ( )
2 +
() = () 2 ()
cos 0 (); > 0
Teorema de Euler:
0 = cos 0 + j sin 0
- 0 = cos 0 j sin 0
0 0
+ = cos 0
2 2
(+ )
( 0 + 0 ) = ( 0 + (+0 ) ) ; 0 () ( 0 )
2 2
1 1 1
( 0 + 0 ) () ()
2 2 +
1
0 2 0 1/2
( ) ; ( )
2 (0 ) + 2 (0 + ) +
1/2 1/2 1 + 0 + + 0 +
() = + =
(0 ) + (0 + ) + 2 ((0 ) + )((0 + ) + )
2 ( + )
() =
2 ( 2 ((0 )(0 + ))(( + 0 ) + ( 0 ))
+
( ) =
2 +0 2 +2+2

() =
( + )2
+ + 1
2
= 2
= 2
2
=
( + ) ( + ) ( + ) ( + ) ( + ) ( + )2
35
1
(); > 0
( + )2
() = (); > 0 (); > 0
a) () = 1 () = ?

() ()
() 1
() 2 ()
Si () = 1 () = ?
Entonces () 1
() 2 ()
1 2 ()
Como: () = ()
1 2 ()
b) () = 0 () = ?
Si () = 1 () = 2 ()
Desplazamineto en frecuencia:
Si () ()
0 () ( + 0 )

() = () ( + 0 ) () (+0 )
Si () = 0 ()

() = 0 ()

() = () (+0 )

0 2( + 0 )
0 = 0 0
c) () = 0 () = ?
Si () = 1 () = 2 ()
Desplazamineto en frecuencia:
Si () ()
36
0 () ( 0 )

() = () ( 0 ) () (0 )
Si () = 0 ()

() = 0 ()

() = () (0 )

0 2( 0 )
0 = 0 + 0
d) () = 0 () = ?
Por Euler
0 = 0 + 0
0 = 0 0
0 0 = 2 0
1 1
0 = 0 0
2 2
1 1
() = 0 = 0 0
2 2
1 1
2
0 2
2( 0 )
1 1
2
0
2
2( + 0 )
Propiedad de Linealidad:
1 1 () + 2 2 () 1 1 () + 2 2 ()
1 1
0 = 2 0 2
0 ( 0 ) ( + 0 ) = [( 0 ) ( + 0) ]
j
= [( 0 ) ( + 0) ]
37
e) () = 0 () = ?
Por Euler
0 = 0 + 0
0 = 0 0
0 + 0 = 2 0
1 1
0 = 0 + 0
2 2
1 1
() = 0 = 0 + 0
2 2
1 1
0 2( 0 )
2 2
1 1
0 2( + 0 )
2 2
Propiedad de Linealidad:
1 1 () + 2 2 () 1 1 () + 2 2 ()
1 1
0 = 0 + 0 ( 0 ) + ( + 0 ) = [( 0 ) + ( 0) ]
2 2
= [( 0 ) + ( 0) ]
Hallar la transformada inversa:

1
a) () = () = ?
(+)2
1 1 1
= 2
=
( + ) + +
Propiedad de Convolucin:
() ()
() ()
38
()
1
=
() , t 0
+
() () () ()
()
1
=
() , t 0
+
()
() ()

() () = () ( )
() = () () () ( )

() = + () ( )

= () ( )

= () ( ) = = ( 0)
0
()
1 ( )
() = (), > 0
39
APNDICE:
40
41
42
43
44

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ANLISIS DE SEALES

UDABOL Universidad de Aquino Bolivia

Parisaca Cuchallo Brenda Vivian.

UDABOL Universidad de Aquino Bolivia

1.1. Valor Medio:

1.2. Valor Eficaz:

2 2(2) sin 2(2)

Las series de Fourier constituyen la herramienta matemtica bsica del anlisis de

Expresin Exponencial de las Sistemas de Fourier.

18 sin() < < 2

9(1) 9(1) 9 9 18((1) + 1)

1 9 sin( ) 9 sin( + ) 2 1 9 sin() 9 sin()

Propiedad de desplazamiento en el tiempo:

1 < < ; < ||

Aplicando el teorema de Euler, tenemos que:

cos 0 (); > 0

() = (); > 0 (); > 0

Hallar la transformada inversa:

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