PROBLEM SOLVING

By: Evidente, Ralph Carlo T.

Reference: Rhodes M., Introduction to
Particle Technology, 2nd edition (2008)
 Problem 1:

Step 1: Re*transition
Given: & Re*
Properties of Pipe: Solve and Compare:
L = 15 m l
ID = 5 cm Re*transition < Re* (laminar)
Re*transition = Re* (transition)
Slurry: Re*transition > Re* (turbulent)
vave = 0.07 m/s

m = 1050 3
n= 0.4
0.4
k = 13.4 2 l

Required: P
 Method 1
Re
Re*transition =
2+0.4
6464 0.4 ( ) 1
2 + 0.4 1+0.4 [ ]2;0.4
1:3 0.4 0.4 1:3 0.4
Re*transition = 2400
8(1050) 0.05 0.4 (0.07)0.16 0.4 0.4
Re* = ( ) = 1.03
13.4 4.4
Since Re* < Re*transition , flow is laminar.
 0.4 0.07
P 4(13.4 2 ) 2 2.2
= [ ]0.4
15 0.05 0.05 0.4
P= 48000 N/m2
 Method 2
For laminar flow:
Re* = 1.03
ff= 15.53
To solve the pressure drop:
15
P = 2(15.53) (1050)( )(0.07)2
0.05
P= 48000 N/m2

The pipeline pressure drop is 48 kPa.

 Problem 2:

Given:
Properties of Pipe
L=5m Assume Laminar:
ID = 1 cm

Slurry:

m = 2000 -Calculate Re & He
3
If not laminar:
y = 0.5 2 -Find ff using friction

p= 0.3 Pa-s factor chart
Required: vave if P = 4000 Pa -Find Retransition using
chart
 4 1 4
vave= 1 +
4 p 3 3
PR
rz|r=R = = 2L
 PR
rz|r=R = =
2L

4000 2 (0.005)

= = 2.0 N/m2
2(5.0)
4 1 4
vave= 1 +
4 p 3 3

(0.005)(2.0 2 )
4(0.5) 1 0.5 4
vave= 1 +
4(0.3 ;) 3(2.0) 3 2.0
Vave = 0.0056 m/s
 2000
(
3
)(0.01)(0.0056

)
Re = =
p 0.3 ;
Re = 0.37 (laminar)
2
He(Hedstrom number) =
p2
2000
0.01 2 (0.5 2)
3 /
He =
0.3 ; 2
He = 1.1
The flow is laminar.
 This chart is also used to evaluate
pressure drop in turbulent conditions,
To calculate new Reynolds number
given He:
 Problem 3
The following rheology test results were obtained for a mineral
slurry containing 60% solids by weight. Which rheological model
describes this slurry, and what are the appropriate rheological
properties for this slurry?

Shear Rate (s-1) Shear Stress (Pa)

0 6.00
1 6.06
10 6.52
15 6.76
25 7.29
40 8.00
45 8.24
 - y (effective stress, Pa) => y Shear Rate (s-1) => x
0.06 1
0.52 10
0.76 15
1.29 25
2.00 40
2.24 45

r2= 0.999 1
slope = 0.05
The relationship follows Bingham Plastic Model, with
a slope equals 0.05 Pa-s (plastic viscosity).
 Problem 4
A coal-water slurry with 65% volume fraction
coal( sg = 2.5) is pumped at a rate of 3.41 m3/h
from a storage tank through a 50 m long, 1.58
cm inside diameter horizontal pipe to a boiler.
The storage tank is at 1 atm pressure and the
slurry must be fed to the boiler at a gauge
pressure of 1.38 bar. If this slurry behaves as a
Bingham plastic fluid with a yield stress of 80 Pa
and a plastic viscosity of 0.2 Pa-s, what is the
required pumping power?
Given:

= 0.65
s = 2500 kg/m3
Q = 3.41 m3/h
L= 50 m
ID = 0.0158 m
y = 80 Pa
p = 0.2 Pa-s
I. Determine if laminar or turbulent by
using chart.
m= s + (1- ) f
m= (0.65) (2500) + (0.35)(1000)
m= 1975 kg/m3

Q= uaveArea
3.41 3 1
= 0.0158 2
3600 4

= 4.83

(m )(D)(uave ) (1975)(0.0158)(4.83)
Re = p = 0.2
= 754
(m )(D2 )(y) 1975 0.0158 2 (80)
He = = = 986
( )2 (0 .2)2
The flow is laminar.
 2
- = + + ( )
2
2 ;1 2
Hgained by pump hf= +
2
Fr. to
1 32 16
hf = +
2 3
 1 32 16
hf = 2 +
3
1 32(0.2)(4.83)(50) 16(80)(50)
hf = +
(1975)(9.81) (0.0158)2 3(0.0158)
hf= 390 m
2 ;1 2
Hgained by pump hf= +
2
1 105
(1.38 )( ) 4.83 2
1
Hgained hf= + = 398 m
(1975)(9.81) 2(9.81)

Hgained by pump = 398 m =
Q
= 398m ( Q)
3.41 3 1
= 398m (1975)(9.81)( )
3600
= 7300 J/s 7.3 kW