Tutorial

1(b)-Heat Generation, Critical Thickness, Transient Heat Transfer

1. A 2-kW resistance heater wire with thermal conductivity of k =20
W/moC, diameter of D = 4 mm, and length of L= 0.9 m is used to boil
water. If the outer surface temperature of the resistance wire is Ts = 110
oC, determine the temperature at the centre of the wire.

2. Heat is generated uniformly at a rate of 10 kW per meter length of a 0.2
cm-diameter electric resistance wire made of nickel steel (k = 10 W/m
oC). Determine the temperature difference between the centreline and

the surface of the wire.

3. Consider a homogenous spherical piece of radioactive material of radius,
ro = 0.04 m that is generating heat at a constant rate, egen = 4x107 W/m3.
The heat generated is dissipated to the environment steadily. The outer
surface of sphere is maintained at a uniform temperature of 80 oC and the
thermal conductivity of sphere is k = 15 W/moC. Assuming one
dimentional heat flow, determine the temperature at the centre of the
sphere.

4. A 2.2 mm-diameter and 10 m-long electric wire us tiggly wrapped with a
1 mm-thick plastic cover whose thermal conductivity is k = 0.15 W/moC.
Current of 13 A passes through the wire with a voltage drop of 8 V. If the
insulated wire is exposed to a medium at T= 30oC with a heat transfer
coefficient of h = 24 W/m2 oC. Determine the temperature at the interface
of the wire and the plastic cover in steady operation. Also, determine if
doubling the thickness of the plastic cover will increase or decrease this
interface temperature.

5. A 5 mm-diameter spherical ball at 50 oC is covered by a 1 mm-thick
plastic insulation (k = 0.13 W/moC). The ball is exposed to a medium at
15 oC, with a combined convection and radiation heat transfer coefficient
of 20 W/m2 oC. Calculate the heat transfer of the ball with and without
insulation, assuming steady state.

6. The temperature of a jet stream is to be measured by a thermocouple
whose junction can be approximated as a 1-mm-diameter sphere. The
properties of the junction are k=35 W/m.oC, = 8500 kg/m3 and Cp = 320
J/kg.oC and the convection heat transfer coefficient between junction and
the gas is h =210 W/m2.oC. Consider the jet stream temperature is at 100
oC and the junctions initial temperature is 0oC.

Determine how long it will take for the thermocouple to read 99 oC

7. A long 20-cm-diameter cylindrical shaft made of stainless steel 304
comes out of an oven at uniform temperature of 600 oC. The shaft is
allowed to coll slowly in an environment chamber at 200 oC with an
average heat transfer coefficient of h = 80 W/m2.oC. Determine the
temperature at the centre of the shaft 45 minutes after the start of the
cooling process. Also, determine the heat transfer per unit length of the
shaft during this time period.