Triplicane - Wikipedia https://en.wikipedia.

org/wiki/Triplicane

Triplicane
Coordinates: 13.0553N 80.2807E

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Triplicane, also known as Thiruvallikeni, is one of the oldest neighbourhoods of Chennai, India. It is
situated on the Bay of Bengal coast and about 0.5 km (0.31 mi) from Fort St George. The average Triplicane
elevation of the neighbourhood is 14 metres above sea level.[1] Tiruvallikeni

neighbourhood
Along with Mylapore and the surrounding regions, Triplicane is historically much older than the city of
Chennai itself, with a mention in records as early as the Pallava period.[2][3] Primarily a residential region,
it is home to some of the tourist attractions of the city, such as the Marina Beach, Parthasarathy Temple
and Triplicane Big Mosque, and several commercial establishments. Triplicane is equally famous for its
rich traditional culture, which is prominent in and around the streets (known as "mada veedhi" in Tamil) of
Parthasarthy Temple.

Contents
1 Etymology
2 History Triplicane Pond and Parthasarthy temple Gopuram
2.1 Literary mention
2.2 Medieval era
2.3 British era
2.4 Post-Independence
3 Location
4 Geography
5 Neighbourhood
6 Housing
6.1 Boarding houses
7 Roads
8 Education
8.1 Library
9 Culture
9.1 Architecture
9.2 Places of worship

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9.2.1 Vaikunta Ekadesi

9.3 Carnatic Music
10 Politics
11 Public transport
12 Famous personalities
13 References

Etymology Triplicane

The name Triplicane is the anglicized version of Thiruvallikeni, which derives from Thiru-Alli-Keni
(Sacred Lily Pond, in Tamil), denoting the pond in front of the Parthasarathy temple, which was amidst a
big Tulasi forest.[2][4] The place is also referred as Brindaranyam in Brahmanda Purana, owing to the
presence of the tulasi (brinda) plants in the area.[5] It is also referred to as 'Brindaranya kshetra'[6] and
'Southern Brindavana'.[7]

History Show map of Chennai

Show map of Tamil Nadu
Show map of India
Literary mention Show all
Coordinates: 13.0553N 80.2807E
The early records of the town are rooted to epic rather than history. Thiruvallikeni finds various mentions
in Nalayira Divya prabandham in the hymns of Thirumangai Alvar,[8] Peyalwar and Thirumazhisai Piran - Country India
hymn 2416 in Nanmukan Thiruvanthathi forming part of the divine 4000 divya prabhandam.[9] State Tamil Nadu
Thirumangai Alvar described Thiruvallikeni as a densely canopied forest with peacocks and koels, where District Chennai District
the sun's rays cannot penetrate.[5] Peyalwar describes Thiruvallikeni as a place having a beach, where Metro Chennai
white waves bring precious gems like red corals and white pearls to the shore that which lights up the area
with beautiful colours.[9] Talukas Mylapore-Triplicane
Government
Medieval era Body Chennai Corporation
Languages
The evidence from stone inscriptions indicates that Parthasarathy temple was built in the 8th century by a
Official Tamil
Pallava King.[10][11][12] The temple was later expanded by the Pallavas, Cholas, Vijayanagara rulers.
[7][11][13] It has been recorded that a rivulet, Kaivareni, ran across Triplicane and Mylapore.[14] The legend Time zone IST (UTC+5:30)
has it that the rivulet connected two water bodies: the temple tank of Parthasarathy temple and a sacred

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well, Mani Kairavani, in the flower garden of Adi Kesava Perumal temple of Mylapore.[14] It is believed Lok Sabha Chennai Central
that Peyalvar, one of the 12 alvars, was born on a lily flower in this well and that he sailed through the constituency
rivulet to worship Lord Krishna in the Parthasarathy temple.[15][16][17] To commemorate this, the idol of Planning CMDA
Peyalwar in Mylapore is brought, as a procession, to Parthasarathy temple every year in the month of agency
September.[18] Peyalwar temple was built in the 13th century.[19] Civic agency Chennai Corporation
Website www.chennai.tn.nic.in
British era (http://www.chennai.tn.nic.in)

In the 1600s, Triplicane was a separate village.

After about a century, British found Triplicane
to be a good area for settlement and a large
number of people moved there. In 1668,
Triplicane was annexed to the Madras City.[20]
In addition, the presence of the Nawab of
The name 'Triplicane' is the anglicised version of Thiruvallikkeni. Arcot increased the economic prosperity of the
area, and many Muslims settled in Triplicane.
From that time, Triplicane grew in importance,
second only to George Town. [21] In 1795, the Wallajah Mosque was built.[22] Triplicane pond
During this period, Chepauk Palace and Amir Mahal were also built. [20] In the
early 20th century, Triplicane became one of the major residential areas of
Madras. In 1841, Ice House was built to store the ice bars imported from America through ships. Ice bars were imported
to provide the English a temporary relief from the blistering heat.[11] This building was renamed Vivekananda house
after Swami Vivekananda stayed in the building for a brief while. In the mid-19th century, numerous educational
institutions were formed in the area. Hindu Higher Secondary School was started in 1853[23] and Presidency College in
1864-65. In 1870, the college was moved to its present location on Beach Road. In 1884, Marina Beach prominade was
built.[24][25] In 1896, Sri Parthasarathy Swami Sabha (SPSS), the oldest sabha in chennai, was founded and operated
Triplicane Pycrofts Road in 1906
from the Hindu High School on Big Street[26]

The building which currently serves as the Triplicane police station was built around 1891 to guard Madrasapatnam.[27]
This building is the City's oldest police station.[27] Triplicane High Road is one of the roads that had a tram line running through it during the British reign.
[28][29][30]

In 1904, Triplicane Urban Co-Operative Society (TUCS) was started.[31] The consumer cooperative society predates even the first Cooperative Credit Societies
Act of 1904,[32] which officially ushered in the cooperative movement into India. It runs a super market, self-service department stores, sells automobile fuel
and cooking gas, and operates more than 200 rations shops for the Public Distribution System.[32]

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In 1916, Star Theatre was built on Triplicane High Road. This age old theatre has been set for demolition in March 2012.[33]

In 1925, Mahatma Gandhi visited Triplicane to address a huge gathering.[34][35][36] In 1933, he revisited the neighbourhood. In 1934, the first cricket match was
played at the Chepauk Stadium[37]

Post-Independence

In 1963, Ice house was renamed as Vivekananda House.[20][38] In 1993, Bharathiyar Illam was converted into a memorial.[38]

In October 1997, the first train ran through the Thiruvallikeni MRTS Railway Station. The train was between Chennai Beach and Thirumayilai[39][40][41][42][43]

On 26 December 2004, Indian Ocean tsunami hit Triplicane.[44]

Location
Triplicane lies on the banks of the Buckingham Canal which bisects the neighbourhood along the north-south direction. The neighbourhood is bordered by
Marina Beach on the east on the shore of the Bay of Bengal, Chepauk on the north, Royapettah on the west and northwest, Mylapore on the southwest, and
Santhome on the south.

Geography
The neighbourhood is classified as a tropical dry forest bio-zone.[1] Being a coastal city, Chennai had many sand
Natural hazards ridges. During the 16th century, the sea level rose and inundated lands within the settlements.[21] When the sea
Hazard Percentage
withdrew, lagoons and ridges were left behind. One such ridge ran from the mouth of River Cooum to the present
Earthquake 60%
Flood 90%
site of the Presidency College. On the rear side was a huge depression, where the college grounds have been built
Drought 100% now. The ridge is the present Marina beach.[21] Further south, a U-shaped ridge ran along Besant Road and Lloyds
Landslide 0% Road enclosing the Ice House. Parthasarathy Temple is just by the northern area of this ridge. Mount Road, now
Volcono 0% Anna Salai, ran along a tank bund and was at a high level. To the east of it, the land fell gradually, where Triplicane
Cyclone 100% High Road and the Luz were formed.[21]

Triplicane is succeptable to strong (vi) earthquakes, with occurrences at 5 to 6 Richter. On average, it receives one
tremor every 50 years.[1] However, the impact may be low. The neighbourhood is prone to periods of extreme droughts. The risk of flooding is medium-high,
and chances of cyclones are low.[1]

Neighbourhood

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With an area of around 5 sq km, Triplicane is home to over 100,000 people, in addition to a floating population of
50,000 to 70,000.[4] Average population density of the neighbourhood is 21,329 per square kilometre.[1] Being an old
neighbourhood of the city, it is congested with narrow lanes and streets.[45]

Housing
Boarding houses
Residential developments near the
Known as 'Bachelor's Paradise', Triplicane is home to about 200 boarding houses (locally known as mansions) out of the Parthasarathy temple.
700 odd ones in the city,[46] many of them with about 30 to 60 rooms.[4][47][48] Soon after independence, boarding
houses began to appear in the area to cater to the needs of the individual migrants from various parts of the country. The
first four boarding houses, known locally as mansions, were built in the 1950s by farmers from the southern parts of Tamil Nadu after successive droughts had
threatened their livelihood. They gave out rooms on rent to traders who came to the city from other parts of the state. These are owned today by their progeny,
without much change in their structures. Famous people who have at one time or another lived in the bachelor pads of Triplicane include political figures
Periyar, Annadurai and Karunanidhi.[4]

Availability of low-cost rentals and different affordable cuisines in the area is said to be the reason behind the constant patronage to these mansions for decades.
[46][49] Recently, these boarding houses have started attracting a more gentrified crowd.[4]

Roads
The main roads of Triplicane include Beach Road (Kamarajar Salai), Pycrofts Road (Bharathi Salai), Triplicane High Road,
and Besant Road. Pycrofts Road, also known as Bharathi Salai, is known for its numerous book shops, including pavement
shops selling old and used books.[50][51] Zam Bazaar is one of the oldest bazaar in the city and was set up in the pre-
Independence era. The western end of the market is bordered by an old monument known as the Amir Mahal, the palace of
the Nawab of Arcot two centuries ago. The building is currently being renovated by the government.[52][53]

The neighbourhood, however, suffers from drainage issues and other civic problems.[54][55]

Education Ezhilagam

The famous colleges in the locality are Queen Mary's College, Presidency College and Madras University on the Beach
Road. The popular schools in this area include Hindu Senior Secondary School, the Kellett higher secondary school, NKT, Rex, Hindu High School, Lady
Wellington school, etc. Some of these schools are very old and even dating back to the British Era, like the latter two schools.[23]

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Library

Libraries in this area include Kasthuri Srinivasan Library on Besant Road, one on
Peyalwar Koil street, Muhammadan Public Library[56] and one on Big street. The
Kasturi Srinivasan library is more than 50 years old.[57]

Culture
Triplicane campus of the
Triplicane has a rich culture. The culture associated with Parthasarathy temple and its Triplicane High Road
University of Madras
mada veethis is a traditional and an age old one.[58] Triplicane also has a sizeable
Muslim population in Chepauk and Big street areas on the other side of pycrofts road,
and triplicane high road and Zam bazaar, where there is Islamic religion based culture.

Rooted in tradition, Triplicane is also known for its fine artistic taste in music, dance and arts.[59] An annual community even
known as the Thiruvallikeni Thiruvizha (literally Triplicane Festival) is celebrated in January.[59][60] Other festivals
include Triplicane Music Festival and Marghazhi (winter) festival.[3][61][62] Triplicane is known for some of the traditionally
famous cuisines of Chennai, with age-old restaurants, such as the Rathna Cafe,[63][64][65] being based here.

Architecture
State Council for Higher
Secondary Education at the Lady Triplicane, similar to few other areas in the city such as Mylapore and West
Wellingdon College campus Mambalam, is known for its traditional row houses, known as agraharams.[66]
Typically, these can be seen where an entire street is occupied by Brahmins,
particularly surrounding a temple. The architecture is distinctive with Madras terraces,
country tile roofing, Burma teak rafters and lime plastering. The longish homes consisted of the mudhal kattu (receiving
quarters), irandaam kattu (living quarters), moondram kattu (kitchen and backyard) and so on. Most houses had an open
to sky space in the centre called the mitham, large platforms lining the outside of the house called the thinnai and a private
well in the backyard. The floors were often coated with red oxide and sometimes the roofs had glass tiles to let in light.
The agraharam quadrangle seen in Triplicane is around the Parthasarathy Temple and its tank.[67]
Annie Besant Park
About 50 families continue to live in the agraharams in Triplicane.[66] However, many of these houses are being replaced
with modern multi-storied apartments, resulting in a reduction in their numbers.[67]

Places of worship

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Although Parthasarathy Temple remains the most important temple of Triplicane, there exists indeed several other temples
in the neighbourhood, including Ellai Amman Temple and nearby Sundaramurthy vinayaka temple, Kulathangarai
Anjeneya Temple (on the steps on the Parthasarathy temple tank), Anjeneya Temple on Tank Street, Tula Singa Perumal
Temple, Ahobila Mutt Temple on Car Street, Kaama Kala Kameshwari Temple on Hanumantha Rayan street, Muthu
Vinayakar Temple on Muthu Kallathy Street, Anjeneya Temple on Besant Road, Ettampadai Murugan Temple,
Raghavendra Temple and Mutt on T.P Koil Street, Temples on Raja Hanumantha Lala Lane, Udupi Sri Krishna Temple
and Mutt, Peyalwar Temple built on the 13th century.[19] and Thiruveteeswarar Temple. The thevaram has a reference of
Thiruvateeswarar temple, which suggests its existence since the 7th century.

Mutts in the region include Uttradi Mutt on Singrachari Street, Ahobila Mutt and Temple on Car Street, Vanamamalai Fishermen statue at Annie Besant
Mutt on East Tank Square Street,[68] Raghavendra Mutt and Temple on T. P. Koil Street, Vysaraja Mutt, Yadugiri Yathiraja Park
Mutt, and few others situated around Parthasarathy Temple or mada veethis.

The Wallajah Mosque, also known as the Big Mosque, is one of the famous historical mosques in the city.[69] Built in
1795 in remembrance of Nawab Wallajah, the mosque was constructed with grey granite, without the use of wood or
steel.[22]

Vaikunta Ekadesi

Vaikunta Ekadesi Festival is very famous in this temple and huge crowds gather to visit the temple on this day.[70][71][72]
Vaikunta Ekadesi vrata is observed on Dhanur Masa Shukla Paksha Ekadasi or on the 11th day of bright fortnight during
Dhanur Masam. This festival is celebrated with lot of devotion in many Vaishnavaite temples including Parthasarathy
temple in South India. Vaikunta Dwara lies in the North side of the temple. Vaikunta Ekadesi is also observed as Triplicane Big Mosque in Triplicane
Mukkoti Ekadesi.

Unmindful of the chill, the streets of Triplicane would be milling with people as early as 2 am on Vaikunta Ekadesi. Women adorning the traditional nine yards
or a silk sari would be seen hurrying towards the Parthasarathy Temple to find a place in the long winding queues that stretched infinitely even in those wee
hours.

Jostling against each other people at a snail's space towards the shrine. It was obvious that they want to cross the Paramapadavaasal along with the presiding
deity. More than one lakh devotees visit the temple who are helped by volunteers, temple authorities and police personnel, to move around the prakarams.
Police would be stationed around the temple and atop watchtowers at the junction of the Mada Streets to maintain strict vigil.[73][74]

Carnatic Music

Triplicane was also once the seat of Carnatic music. Many famous personalities in this industry visited or resided in triplicane.[75] Triplicane was not only

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known for weekend visits by famous musicians, but also for resident legends such as G.N. Balasubramaniam and M.S. Subbulakshmi. The right atmosphere for
music and dance permeated Triplicane. A proliferation of sabhas Triplicane Arts Academy, Thiruvateeswarar Sabha, N.K.T. Muthu Sabha and Parthasarathy
Swami Sabha drew these heavyweights in the classical arts to the locality.[76] Once musicians used to talk of how they had sung at the Hindu High School or
heard GNB at some other Triplicane venue. Sadly, with time, that kind of talk died out. Legends M.S. Subbulakshmi and GNB lived in Triplicane once, and it
was said that this was where vidwans would spend afternoons discussing music over hot rava pongal at the Krishna Iyer Hotel. The 1965s and 1970s saw music
and dance pervade the area in various sabhas. From the concerts of M.S. and GNB to Manakkal Rangarajan; from the stage plays of M.G. Ramachandran and
Sivaji Ganesan to actor Sivakumars debut play this place has hosted leading artists of those days. You name them and they have been performed here. Thus
Triplicane was the central locality where all the cultural happenings of the city took place, and all the famous personalities used to come down to perform.[77]

Politics
Triplicane is a part of Chepauk-Triplicane assembly constituency which in turn a part of Chennai South constituency.[78] The MLA Hostel
is located on Wallajah Road. Rajaji Hall in the same campus, which was built between 1800 and 1802,[79] used to have a role in state
administration. At present, it houses the offices of the Tamil Nadu State Raffle.[80]

Public transport
Being situated in the central region of the city, Triplicane is well connected to various places in Chennai. The MTC has bus termini such as
the Ice House and Triplicane (located at Pycrofts Road). The MRTS has a station Thiruvallikeni on the Chennai BeachVelachery elevated
rail corridor serving the neighbourhood. In addition, the neighbourhood is served by private auto rickshaws.

Famous personalities Chennai

assembly
Triplicane is famous for the various personalities it has produced over the years. Mathematician Srinivasa Ramanujan,[81][82][83] Writer Chepauk-
Triplicane
Sujatha Rangarajan, and cricketers M.J. Gopalan, Krish Srikkanth and W.V. Raman all hailed from Triplicane. Nobel prize winner
constituency
Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar did his schooling in the Hindu High School (19221925) in Triplicane. Subramanya Bharathy, a freedom
fighter and poet, lived his last years in the house opposite the parthasarathy temple's western entrance; the house has since been bought and
renovated by the Government of Tamil Nadu in 1993, and it was named Bharathiyar Illam (Home of Bharathiyar).

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