Sunteți pe pagina 1din 27

Handling Diabetic as a Degenerative Disease

At Mardi Waluyo Hospital, Blitar

Revised Research Paper

Prepared to meet English for Biology task guided by Mr. Dr. Sueb, M.Kes.

By : Group 6 / Offering : A1 / Class : A


Aprindhita Anggraini Rahayu (140341601586)
Daning Nindya Fitri Arianti (140341600833)
Fiqry Addina Ardy (140341600043)

UNIVERSITAS NEGERI MALANG


FACULTY OF MATHEMATICS AND NATURAL SCIENCES
BIOLOGY DEPARTMENT
November 2014
Handling Diabetic as a Degenerative Disease
At Mardi Waluyo Hospital, Blitar

Aprindhita Anggraini Rahayu, Daning Nindya Fitri Arianti, Fiqry Addina


Ardy, and Dr. Sueb, M.Kes
Universitas Negeri Malang
E-mail: aprindhita.aar@gmail.com & msueb_2000@yahoo.com

ABSTRACT
Diabetes is the leading cause of endstage renal disease (treatable by
dialysis or transplantation), accounting for 36 percents of new cases. More than
half of lower limb amputations in the Mardi Waluyo Blitar Hospital occur among
people with diabtes. From that case, the purpose of this research to understand
what causes of diabetes, how to treat diabetes, and how to prevent diabetes. The
method use a quantitative approach. The quantitative data collected through self-
administered questionnaires distributed personally to the subject by the researcher.
The sample size of 20 from reached of 50 populations diabetes patients at Mardi
Waluyo Hospital. The results of this research are the factors that causes diabetes
are obesity, lack of exercise or activity exercise, foods that contain lots of sugar
and hereditary, to treat diabetes are consider their food consumption, often
consume fruit and vegetables every day, have daily at least 30 minutes of physical
activity at work and/or during leisure time, and taking medication regularly, and
to prevent diabetes are maintain an ideal body weight in order to remain, check
their blood sugar levels regularly, food does not contain sugar, and soak rice in
water before cooking.
Keywords : diabetes mellitus, the cause of diabetes, to treat diabetes, to prevent
diabetes, Mardi Waluyo Hospital

ii
Preface

Praise to Allah SWT who has given the abundance of grace and gift to me
so I can finish this paper with the best. This paper discusses about "Handling
Diabetic as a Degenerative Disease At Mardi Waluyo Hospital, Blitar".
The purpose of this paper is to deepen our knowledge of diabetes, which
can prevent or reduce the adverse effects of diabetes disease transmission. This
paper is submitted to the Department of Biology Universitas Negeri Malang in
partial fulfillment of requirements for taking the English for Biology assignment
by Dr Sueb, M. Kes.
Furthermore, The author not forget thank you goes to Dr. Sueb, M. kes,
lecturer subjects as English for biology that has guided the author in the process of
finalizing this paper. Also to all those who have supported and provided direction
and enter to the author in this paper that the settlement was reached completion of
this paper.
Final word, no ivory yang no crack, as well as the case with this paper is
still far from perfect. Therefore, I always expect criticism and suggestions from
the readers in order to achieve maximum results in the future.
Thus, this paper may be useful and used. Aamiin.

Malang, November 2014

Authors

iii
TABLE OF CONTENTS

Cover
Abstract .. ii
Preface .... iii
Table of Contents ... iv
CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION
A. Background ....... 1
B. Research of Problems 2
C. Objective ... 2
D. Benefits . 3
CHAPTER II THEORY REVIEW
A. The Cause of Diabetes ... 4
B. How to Treat Diabetes ... 5
C. How to Prevent Diabetes .. 8
CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHODS
A. Research Approach and Design .... 11
B. The Study Population and Sample 13
C. Time and Date .. 13
D. Data Collection . 13
E. Analysis Data 15
CHAPTER IV RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
A. The causes of diabetes at Mardi Waluyo Hospital .... 19
B. How to treat diabetes at Mardi Waluyo Hospital 19
C. How to treat diabetes at Mardi Waluyo Hospital 20
CHAPTER V CONCLUSION
A. Conclusions 22
B. Suggestions 22
References ... 23
Attachment .. 24

iv
CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION

A. Backgroud
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic disease with major longterm
implications, not only for the health and wellbeing of affected individuals, but
also for costs to Canadian society as a whole. There have been numerous
attempts to quantify the costs of diabetes using a Cost of Illness (COI)
methodological framework in other jurisdictions, but no comprehensive study has
yet been carried out for Canada provinces (Wild, 2009).
As a chronic metabolic disorder, diabetes mellitus can affect all of the
bodys major organ systems. These effects lead to complications which constitute
a significant burden of the disease. Consider the following statistics from the
National Institue of Health in Malang. For example, cardiovascular disease is 2 to
4 times more common in people with diabetes; cardiovascular disease is also
present in 75 percents of diabetes related deaths. The risk of stroke is 2,5 times
higher in people with diabetes. High blood pressure affects 60 to 65 percents of
people with diabetes (Polit D & Hungler, 1995).
Diabetes is the leading cause of new cases of blindness among adults 20 to
74 years of age. From 12.000 up to 24.000 new cases of blindness per year are
caused by diabetic retinopathy. Diabetes is the leading cause of endstage renal
disease (treatable by dialysis or transplantation), accounting for 36 percents of
new cases. There were 19.790 new case in the US in 1992 in people with diabetes.
There were 56.059 people with diabetes who were undergoing dialysis or
transplantation treatment in 1992 (American Diabetes Assosiation, 2010).
Nerve disease is also associated with diabetes as up to 50 percents of
people with diabetes have mild to severe form of diabetic nerve damage (with
such manifestation as impaired sensation in the feet of hands, delayed stomach

1
2

emptying, carpal tunnel syndrome, and peripheral neuropathy). Serve forms of


diabetic nerve disease are major contributing cause of lower extremity amputation
(American Diabetes Assosiation, 2010).
More than half of lower limb amputations in the Mardi Waluyo Blitar
Hospital occur among people with diabtes; from 2011 to 2014, the average
number of amputations performed each year among people with diabetes was
54.000. These complications are not only a source of substantial morbidity related
costs and suffering, but can also lead to premature mortality: in terms of East
Java premature mortality based on death certificate data, diabetes contributed to
the deaths of more than 169.000 persons in 1992. It is well known that death
certificate data underrepresent diabetes deaths.
Diabetes was the seventh leading causes of death listed at Mardi Waluyo
Blitar Hospital death certificates in 2011, according to the National Center for
Health Statistics. It is the sixth leading cause of death by disease. The excess
morbidity and mortality associated with diabetes makes it a costly disease: it was
estimated that people with diagnosed diabetes made up 4,48 percents of East Java
population, yet accounted for 14,6 percents of East Java.

B. Research Problems
From the text above, there are several problems as follows.
1. What are the causes of diabetes at Mardi Waluyo Hospital?
2. How to treat diabetes at Mardi Waluyo Hospital?
3. How to prevent diabetes at Mardi Waluyo Hospital?

C. Objectives
The objectives of writing this paper are :
1. to know what the causes of diabetes,
2. to know how to treat diabetes, and
3. to know how to prevent diabetes.
3

D. Benefits
There are some benefits that can take of this paper, thats are :
1. can add information to the reader,
2. can be a reference for further research, and
3. can be reduce diabetes sufferers.
CHAPTER II
TEORY REVIEW

A. The Causes of Diabetes


Diabetes mellitus (DM) is defined as a disease and chronic metabolic
disorder with multiple etiologies that was tagged with high blood sugar levels is
accompanied by metabolic disorders carbohydrates, lipids, proteins as a result of
insulin insufficiency. insufficiency insulin function may be caused by impaired or
deficient products insulin by the beta cells of Langerhans of the pancreas gland, or
due by the lack of responsiveness of body cells to insulin (WHO, 1999 in Eko,
2010).
Risk factors are factors that may cause the occurrence of DM. Prevalence
of diabetes mellitus is increasing from year to year, outline the factors that cause
an increase in three kinds among other things, the demographic factors of the
population continues to increases, above 40 years of age increases, urbanization
increases and the effect on lifestyle, lifestyle factors styles people life that tends
westernized, and reduced infectious diseases. In physiological factors that cause
diabetes mellitus among other things, age, obesity, genetics, history of childbirth
> 4kg baby, and history of diabetes during pregnancy (Atmojo, 2002 in Tiurlina et
al, 2009).
According to Waspadji (1996), people who have a high risk for the
occurrence of Diabetes Mellitus are:
1. age over 45 years
In people aged declining organ function, it is due to the activity of pancreatic
beta cells to produce insulin into reduced and the sensitivity of tissue cells
decreases so does not accept insulin.
2. obesity
In obese people fat and muscle tissue activity decreased so as to trigger the
emergence of Diabetes Mellitus.

4
5
3. diet
The pattern is almost instantaneous current is highly favored by most
urban communities. A diet that is not in accordance with the needs of the body
may be the cause of diabetes mellitus, such as fried foods
minimal nutritional value.
4. history of diabetes mellitus
In the family Approximately 15-20% of patients with NIDDM (Non-Insulin
Dependent Diabetes Mellitus) have a family history of Diabetes Mellitus,
whereas IDDM (Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus) as much as 57% comes
from a family of Diabetes Mellitus.
5. lack of exercise or activity exercise
It can be done 3-5 times a week, lack of exercise can decrease the sensitivity of
cells to insulin can be decreased so as to resulted in the accumulation of fat in
the body which can cause Diabetes Mellitus.

B. How to Treat Diabetes


Diabetes Mellitus if not managed properly will lead to various diseases
and required the cooperation of all parties to improve health care. To achieve
these objectives done a variety of businesses, including:
1. Planning food
The recommended standard according to Tiurlina et al (2009) is food
with a balanced composition in terms of carbohydrates, proteins and fats are in
accordance with good nutritional adequacy are:
a. carbohydrates as many as 60-70%,
b. protein as many as 10-15%, and
c. fat as many as 20-25% of calories.
Total adjusted for growth, nutritional status, age, acute stress and physical
activity. For practical clinical interest, the determination of the amount of
calories used the formula Broca Western Ideal Body = (Body Height-100) -
10%, so we get =
6
1) Less weight = <90% of the Ideal body weight
2) Normal weight = 90-110% of the Ideal body weight
3) More weight = 110-120% of the Ideal body weight
4) Grease => 120% of the Ideal body weight.
The number of calories required is calculated from the excess multiplied
by the Ideal body weight basal calories for men is 30 kcal / kg, and women 25
kcal / kg, and then added to the caloric needs of the activity (10-30% for
heavy workers). Correction of nutritional status (reduced fat, skinny plus) and
calories to deal with acute stress according to need. According Iwan (2010 in
Anonim, 2014) food number of calories calculated with the above
composition is divided into several portions, namely:
1) the food in the morning as much as 20%,
2) food afternoon as much as 30%,
3) food afternoon as much as 25%, and
4) 2-3 servings of snacks as much as 10-15% of them.

2. Physical exercise
Physical exercise is recommended regular physical exercise (3-4 times a
week) for about 30 minutes that are tailored to the ability and condition of
comorbidities (Iwan, 2010 in Anonim, 2014).
For example, moderate exercise is a regular walk for 30 minutes, sports
was walking briskly for 20 minutes and jogging exercise weight (Iwan, 2010 in
Anonim, 2014).

3. Hypoglycemic Drugs
a. Sulfonylureas
Sulfonylurea class of drugs works by:
1) stimulates release of stored insulin,
2) lowering the threshold of insulin secretion, and
7
3) increasing insulin secretion as a result of glucose stimulation.
These drugs are usually given to patients with a normal body weight and
can still be used on a patient who weighs slightly moreless. Klorpropamid
recommended on the state of renal insufficiency and parents because of the risk of
prolonged hipoglikema, as well gibenklamid. Glukuidon also used for patients
with impaired liver or kidney function (Iwan, 2010 in Anonim, 2014).

b. Biguanide
Preparations were there and safe to use which metformin.Sebagai single
drug is recommended in obese patients (BMI 30) for patients who weigh more
(BMI 27-30) can also be combined with a sulfonylurea class (Iwan, 2010 in
Anonim, 2014).

c. Insulin
According to Bare & Suzanne (2002 in Burns, N & Grove, S. K., 2007)
indication of treatment with insulin is:
1) all people with diabetes of any age (both IDDM and NIDDM) in a state of
ketoacidosis or never go into ketoacidosis,
2) DM with pregnancy / gestational diabetes uncontrolled by diet (meal planning),
3) DM are not successfully managed with oral hypoglycemic drugs dosif
maximum. Insulin dose oral or injections starting with a low dose and
increased slowly - land in accordance with the patient's blood glucose results.
When a sulfonylurea or metformin has been accepted until the maximum dose
but not achieved target blood glucose is recommended the use of a combination
of sulfonylurea and insulin, and
4) Extension to merancanakan management is essential to obtain maximum
results. Educators for patients with diabetes, namely education and training in
the knowledge and skills aimed at supporting behavior change to improve
patient understanding of his illness, which is required to achieve a state of
optimal health. State of psychological adjustment kualifas better life. Education
is an integral part of the nursing care of diabetes.
8
In accordance with the classification, treatment of NIDDM not
requiring insulin. By setting back the balance between the input of nutrients
to the body's needs and network capabilities, symptoms of diabetes will be
resolved. In adults, where food nutrients needed by the body. Food needs to
be eaten are generally adapted to the amount of energy that must be removed
(WHO, 1974 in Tiurlina et al, 2009). Variations of this energy demand is
influenced by the type of physical activity performed, age and body size,
respectively (Hiswani, 2010 in Tiurlina et al, 2009).
Excess amount of energy eaten is stored as body fat. The higher the
amount of excess energy, the greater the amount of fat reserves, which will
increase the size of a person's body. The amount of energy required to move
the body, such as walking or doing homework, will increase in proportion to
body size. Conversely if there is a deficit in energy intake, it is to meet the
needs of basal and physical activity will use available reserves (body fat)
(Hiswani, 2010 in Tiurlina et al, 2009).

C. How to Prevent Diabetes


As with other medical conditions, knowledge about how to prevent
diabetes is more valuable than cure. Therefore, to have diabetes prevention
measures should be preferred.
This is especially true if a person has diabetes risk factors that increase
the chances of suffering from this disease.
Here are 7 simple ways to prevent diabetes according to Wild (2004).
1. Maintain a healthy weight
Most people are diagnosed with diabetes (usually type 2) have
more weight. Excess weight and body fat will increase the risk of
developing diabetes.
2. Know the family health history
The possibility of a person developing diabetes later in life will
increase if in the family there are one or more members who have
diabetes.
9
3. Staying physically active
Regular exercise can help prevent diabetes by controlling body
weight and improve blood flow. Sports are very important, especially if
someone is genetically including a group with a high risk factor.
4. Eat a balanced diet, low in fat and sugar
Diabetes is a disease characterized by a decrease in the body's
ability to produce or use insulin to convert sugar into energy, so it is
important to limit the amount of sugar and carbohydrates consumed.
5. Perform health checks
Any person over the age of 45 years must have a regular schedule
of checks blood sugar levels every 3 years. However, if one includes
groups with high risk factors, routine inspection should begin at an earlier
age.
6. Monitor blood pressure regularly
Approximately 73 percents of adults with diabetes was also
suffering from high blood pressure.
7. Increase consumption of fruits and fresh vegetables
The results showed that bioflavonoids, dye in fruits and plants, will
stimulate insulin production and inhibit glycation, or glucose molecules
bond breaking processes with a protein that stimulates the formation of
advenced glycation end products (AGE).
While most AGEs are harmless, others can disrupt molecular
function and contribute to organ damage and nerve.
In addition above, another way to prevent diabetes is by changing
lifestyle into a healthy lifestyle. Here are examples of a healthy lifestyle to
prevent diabetes (Anonim, 2014).
1. maintaining a healthy diet by eating foods that contain lots of fiber such
as vegetables and fruits,
2. sports who played at least 20 minutes three times a week, and
3. maintaining ideal weight remains so not obese.
10
In addition to a healthy lifestyle as written above, in order to prevent
diabetes is by early detection or check blood sugar levels regularly. If the sugar
levels already high, but does not include the category of diabetes, immediately
switch to a healthier lifestyle.
According to Wild (2004) take care of food intake is also very
important to prevent diabetes. The researchers found a number of foods that
can help prevent prediabetes conditions such as the following:
1. more vitamin C
People who take vitamin C have a lower risk for diabetes based on
studies in Europe. However this finding does not clearly reveal the
relationship of vitamin C with diabetes. The best sources of vitamin C in
them oranges, strawberries, broccoli.
2. prevent inflammation with herbs
Researchers from the University of Georgia tested 24 types of
herbs and spices. Based on these studies, the herb can prevent
inflammation associated with diabetes. Herbs are best for preventing
inflammation of cloves and cinnamon.
3. soak the rice before cooking
According to experts from the Medical College of Georgia, a
compound that helps reduce the growth of rice can damage nerves and
blood vessels. To bring these compounds is necessary to dry the rice soak
in water overnight.
CHAPTER III
RESEARCH METHOD

A. Research Approach And Design


This research paper use a quantitative approach. Burn and Grove
(1993:777) define quantitative research as a formal, objective, systematic proces
to describe and test relationship and examine cause and effect interactions among
variable (Mouton 1996:232). A survey obtains information from a sample of
people by means of self-report, that is, the people respond to a series of question
posed by the investigators (Polit & Hungler 1993:148). In this study the
information was collected through self-administered questionnaires distributed
personally to the subject by the researcher. This design was chosen to meet the
objectives of the study, namely to determine the knowledge and views of patients
and family members with regard to diabetes mellitus and its treatment regimen
(Burn and Grove 1993:29).
Qustionnaires About Diabetes Risk Assessment
A. Research Problem 1
1. In your opinion, what is the causeof diabetes?
a. Hereditary
b. Foods that contain sugar
2. Have any of the members of your immediate family or
other relatives been diagnosed with diabetes (type 1 or
type 2)?
a. No
b. Yes (grandparent, aunt, uncle or first cousin, parent,
brother, sister or child)
3. How many times you do the exercise in a week?
a. Once a week
b. 3-5 times a week
4. Did you know that obesity is a high risk of diabetes?
a. Yes
b. No
11
12
B. Research Problem 2
1. Do you ever consider your food consumption?
a. Yes
b. No
2. Which of the following foods that you often to consume
every day?
a. Fruit and vegetables
b. Carbohydrates and snacks
3. Do you usually have daily at least 30 minutes of physical
activity at work and/or during leisure time (including
normal daily activity)?
a. Yes
b. No
4. Do you taking medication regularly?
a. Yes
b. No
C. Research Problem 3
1. Do you check your blood sugar levels regularly?
a. Yes
b. No
2. What do you think about food that can lower the risk of
diabetes?
a. Containing vitamin C
b. Does not contain sugar
3. Do you know if soak rice in water can reduce the sugar
contentin rice?
a. Yes
b. No
4. Do you maintain an ideal body weight in order to remain?
a. Yes
b. No
13
B. The Study Population And Sample
According to Burn and Grove (1993:779), a population is all elements
(individual, objects, and events) that meet the sample criteria for inclusion in a
study. The study population consisted of all adult diabetic patients in the Mardi
Waluyo Horpital.
Mouton (1996:132) defines a sample as element selected with the intention
of finding out something about the total population from which they are taken. A
convinient sample consist of subject included in the study because they happen to
be the right place at the right (Polit & Hungler 1993:176). The sample included 20
diabetic patients. Available subject were entered into the study until a sample size
of 20 was reached of 50 populations. Subject who met the sample criteria were
identified by the researcher at the Akafarma Health Center and in the ward and
outpatients department of the Mardi Waluyo Hospital.
The sample size of 20 patients were total of subject who were willing to
participate in the research and who met the sampling criteria of data collection.

C. Time and Date


- This research held in 21st-23rd November 2014.
- The location of this research is in Hospital at Mardi Waluyo Hospital, Blitar.

D. Data Collection
A questionnaire was chosen as data collection instrument. A questionnaire
is a printed self-report form designed to elicit information that can be obtained
through the written responses of the subjects. The information obtained through a
questionnaire is similar to that obtained by an interview, but the questions tend to
have less depth (Burns & Grove 1993:368). Data was collected with the aid of
questionnaires to evaluate the patients' and family members' knowledge and views
on diabetes mellitus. Questionnaires were decided upon because of the following:
1. they ensured a high response rate as the questionnaires were distributed
to respondents to complete and were collected personally by the
researcher,
14
2. they required less time and energy to administer,
3. they offered the possibility of anonymity because subjects names were
not required on the completed questionnaires,
4. there was less opportunity for bias as they were presented in a
consistent manner.
Most of the items in the questionnaires were closed, which made it easier
to compare the responses to each item. Apart from the advantages that have been
listed above, questionnaires have their weaknesses; for example, there is the
question of validity and accuracy (Burns & Grove 1993:368). The subjects might
not reflect their true opinions but might answer what they think will please the
researcher, and valuable information may be lost as answers are brief. Two
questionnaires were used to collect the data. One was for the diabetic patients and
the other one for family members or relatives of the patients.
From the research, there is some data collection:
1. Question one from research problem 1, those who choose answer A are 9
patients. Answer B are 11 patient.
2. Question two from research problem 1, those who choose answer A are 11
patient, answer B are 9 patient.
3. Question three from research problem 1, those who choose answer A are 8
patient, answer B are 12 patient.
4. Question three from research problem 1, those who choose answer A are 18
patients, answer B are 2 patients.
5. Question one from research problem 2, those who choose answer A are 18
patients, answer B are 2 patients.
6. Question two from research problem 2, those who choose answer A are 15
patients, answer B are 5 patients.
7. Question three from research problem 2, those who choose answer A are 13
patients, answer B are 7 patients.
8. Question four from research problem 2, those who choose answer A are 14
patients, answer B are 6 patients.
15
9. Question one from research problem 3, those who choose answer A are 18
patients, answer B are 2 patients.
10. Question two from research problem 3, those who choose answer A are 4
patients, answer B are 16 patients.
11. Question three from research problem 3, those who choose answer A are 7
patients, answer B are 13 patients.
12. Question four from research problem 3, those who choose answer A are 19
patients, answer B are 1 patients.

E. Analysis Data
From the data collection, we can see on table below.
Research Answerd
No.
Problem A B
1 1. 9 11
2. 11 9
3. 8 12
4. 18 2
Equal 46 34
2 1. 18 2
2. 15 5
3. 13 7
4. 14 6
Equal 60 20
3 1. 18 2
2. 4 16
3. 7 13
4. 19 1
Equal 48 32
16
For more clear, see on graph below.

Research Problem 1
18
16
14
12
10
A
8
6 B

4
2
0
1 2 3 4
Question

Research Problem 2
18
16
14
12
10
A
8
6 B
4
2
0
1 2 3 4
Question
17

Research Problem 3
20
18
16
14
12
10 A
8
B
6
4
2
0
1 2 3 4
Question

Base on data collection, we get that those who choose answer A from the
question one to four research problem one are 57.5%. Those who choose answer
B are 42.5%.
From the research problem two question one to four, those who choose
answer A are 75%, those who choose answer B are 25%.
From the research problem three, especially from the question number one,
those who choose answer A are 60%, answer B are 40%.
From data collection, we get data as follows.
1. From Research Problem 1
a. 45% answerd hereditary and 55% answerd that causes of diabetes is food
that contain sugar.
b. 55% answerd that they dont have member of their family diagnosed with
diabetes and 45% answerd their family member that have diagnosed of
diabetes.
c. 40% answerd that times to exercise in a week is once a week and 60%
answerd that times to exercise in a week is 3-5 times a week.
d. 90% answerd that obesity is a high risk of diabetes and 10% answerd dont
know about it.
18
2. From Research Problem 2
a. 90% answerd that they ever consider their food consumption and 10%
answerd not consider their food consumption.
b. 75% answerd that following foods that their often to consume every day is
fruit and vegetables and 25% answerd carbohydrates and snacks.
c. 65% answerd that they usually have daily at least 30 minutes of physical
activity at work and/or during leisure time (including normal daily
activity) and 35% have not.
d. 70% answerd that they taking medication regularly and 30% not do it.
3. From Research Problem 3
a. 90% answerd that they check their blood sugar levels regularly and 10%
answerd not do it.
b. 20% answerd food that can lower the risk of diabetes is containing vitamin
C and 80% answerd that food can lower risk of diabetes is does not contain
sugar.
c. 35% answerd that they know if soak rice in water can reduce the sugar
contentin rice and 65% answred dont know about it.
d. 95% answerd that they maintain an ideal body weight in order to remain
and 5% answerd they didnt do that.
CHAPTER IV
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

A. The causes of diabetes at Mardi Waluyo Hospital


Base on data collection, the majority patients at Mardi Waluyo Hospital,
Blitar choose that obesity is a high risk of diabetes (90%). 55% from another
patients think causes of diabetes is foods that contain lots of sugar and 45% think
that causes of diabetes is hereditary. Half of patients answerd that their family
never diagnosed diabetes (55%). Many patients at Mardi Waluyo Hospital do their
times to exercise in a week is 3-5 times a week (60%).
Base on data above, the causes of diabetes according to the patients at
Mardi Waluyo Hospital is obesity. That is appropriate by oppinion according to
Waspadji (1996) people who have a high risk for occurrence of diabetes mellitus
is obesity. Beside it, other factors that cause of diabetes are lack of exercise or
activity exercise, foods that contain lots of sugar and hereditary.
Patients at Mardi Waluyo Hospital as many as 60% answerd that they also
do the activity exercise 3-5 time a week and 55% didnt have member of their
family diagnosed with diabetes but they affected by diabetes. Those data indicated
exercise does not guarantee a person free from diabetes and every person must
risk of diabetes even if no family members affected of diabetes.
The conclusions is majority causes of diabetes obesity. Other factors that
causes diabetes are lack of exercise or activity exercise, foods that contain lots of
sugar and hereditary. That also proved that the patient at Mardi Waluyo Hospital,
Blitar know the cause of diabetes.

B. How to treat diabetes at Mardi Waluyo Hospital


Base on data collection, the majority patients at Mardi Waluyo Hospital,
Blitar choose that majority patients consider their food consumption (90%). As
many as 75% patients often consume fruit and vegetables every day, but 25%
consume carbohydrates and snacks. Patients usually have daily at least 30 minutes
of physical activity at work and/or during leisure time as many as 65% and many
patients diabetes taking medication regularly (70%).
19
20
Base on data above, majority patients at Mardi Waluyo Hospital know the
way to treat diabetes. This can be seen from the response of patients who stated
that they consider their food consumption, often consume fruit and vegetables
every day, have daily at least 30 minutes of physical activity at work and/or
during leisure time, and taking medication regularly. That is appropriate by
oppinion according to Tiurlina et al (2009) to treat diabetes is food with a balance
composition. Besides it, according to Iwan (2010 in Anonim, 2014) answerd the
physical exercise is recommended regular about 30 minutes every day to treat
diabetes. That are tailored to the ability and condition comorbidities of patients.
Iwan also suggest that patients diabetes taking medication regularly.
The result show that patients at Mardi Waluyo Hospital know to treat
diabetes are consider their food consumption, often consume fruit and vegetables
every day, have daily at least 30 minutes of physical activity at work and/or
during leisure time, and taking medication regularly. This condition happen
because the employees (doctors, nurses, nutritionists, and other employees) at
Mardi Waluyo Hospital, Blitas treat their patients like that.

C. How to prevent diabetes at Mardi Waluyo Hospital


Based on data collection, majority patients at Mardi Waluyo Hospital
prevent diabetes with maintain an ideal body weight in order to remain (95%). In
other hand, 90% of patients answerd that they check their blood sugar levels
regularly to know how high their blood sugar levels so that their can reduce
severity of diabetes. Other patients as many as 80% answerd foods that can lower
risk of diabetes is does not contain sugar. Those answerd is appropriate by
oppinion according to Wild (2004) three from seven ways to prevent diabetes are
maintain a healthy weight, eat a balance diet, low fat and sugar, and monitor
blood level regularly.
According to Wild (2004) the other ways to prevent diabetes are more
vitamin C, prevent inflammation with herbs, and soak the rice before cooking.
Many patients at Mardi Waluyo Hospital dont know about that ways to prevent
21
diabetes. This can be seen from their answerd 65% dont know if soak rice in
water can reduce the sugar contentin rice.
One of reseason patients diabetes know how to prevent diabetes from the
employees (doctors, nurses, nutritionists, and other employees) at Mardi Waluyo
Hospital. The patients usually gave suggestion from the doctors for examples, so
they can share to their family, friends, or their relationship to caution their activity
in life. Family, friends, and relationship must be keep their healthy so they can
reduce the number of diabetes disease.
The result show the majority patients at Mardi Waluyo Hospital know the
ways to prevent diabetes is maintain an ideal body weight in order to remain. The
other ways that can prevent diabetes are check their blood sugar levels regularly,
food does not contain sugar, and soak rice in water before cooking.
CHAPTER V
CLOSING REMARKS

A. Conclusion
From result and disscussion that have been made, it could be concluded :
1. The majority causes of diabetes at Mardi Waluyo Hospital, Blitar is
obesity. Other factors that causes diabetes are lack of exercise or activity
exercise, foods that contain lots of sugar and hereditary.
2. The ways to treat diabetes at Mardi Waluyo Hospital, Blitar are consider
their food consumption, often consume fruit and vegetables every day,
have daily at least 30 minutes of physical activity at work and/or during
leisure time, and taking medication regularly.
3. The majority patients at Mardi Waluyo Hospital, Blitar know the ways to
prevent diabetes is maintain an ideal body weight in order to remain. The
other ways that can prevent diabetes are check their blood sugar levels
regularly, food does not contain sugar, and soak rice in water before
cooking.

B. Suggestion
In this paper, the authors want to suggest:
1. know more about the causes of diabetes, how to treat it, and how to
prevent it, so can reduce number of diabetes disease,
2. do more research on other degenatif diseases, and
3. add more time and sample in research.

22
REFERENCES

American Diabetes Association. 2010. Care Diabetes Journals. Diagnosis and


Classification of Diabetes Mellitus Diabetes Care, Volume 33,
Supplement 1, January 2010.
Anonim. 2014. Accesed on 20 september2014 time 15:00 from
http://alamiilmiah.com/cara-mencegah-diabetes-dengan-gaya-hidup-sehat
Anonim. 2014. Accesed on 21 september 2014 time 05:00 from
www.amazine.co/5602/tips-diabetes-7-cara-sederhana-mencegah-
diabetes
Burns, N & Grove, S.K. 2007. Understanding Nursing Research: Building an
Evidence-Based Practice 4th Edition. St. Louis, Missouri: Saunders.
Eko, Ahmad. 2010. Hubungan Aktivitas Fisik dan Istirahat dengan Kadar Gula
Darah Pasien Diabetes Mellitus. Skripsi. Universitas Muhammadiyah
Purwokerto.
Mouton, J., 1996, Understanding social research, J.L. van Schaik Publishers,
Pretoria.
Polit, D & Hungler. 1995. Nursing Research: Generating and Assessing
Evidence for Nursing Practice, 8th Edition.
Tiurlina, Yulita Nurchayati, Sikni Retno K. 2009. Jurnal Gizi dan Kesehatan.
Cara Mengatur Pola Makan Sehat. ISSN 1978-0346 Vol. 1, No. 1, Januari
2009.
Waspadji, Sarwono. 1996. Resistensi Insulin Sebagai Faktor Risiko
Ateroskerosis. Jakarta: Balai Penerbit FKUI
Wild, Sarah. 2004. Global Prevalence of Diabetes Estimates for the Year 2000
and Projections For 2030. Epidemiology / Helth Services / Psychosocial
Research. Diabetes Care, volume 27: 1047-1053, number 5, may 2004. l e

23

S-ar putea să vă placă și