CHE 109

TUTORIAL 2

Bonding in Inorganic Molecules

1. Define the terms or symbols: (8)

a) Sp2
Hybridization occurs between one s-orbital two orbital.

b) *2p
2s orbitals on one atom combine with 2s orbital another to form sigma 2s* anti bonding
molecular bonding.

c) Bond order
That tell us how strong the bond between two atoms forming is

d) bond
It is a covalent bond formed two neighboring atoms unbounded p-orbitals

2. Explain the differences between the terms on the following pairs (6)

a) and bond
sigma bonds has cylindrical symmetry and pie bond has a nodal plane that includes the bond
axis. Sigma bonds are strong than pie bonds.

b) localized and delocalized electrons ..

localize electrons are electrons that are restricted to a particular region. Delocalized
electrons are neither belong to a single atom nor are confine to a bond between two atoms.
c) bonding and antibonding molecular orbitals
Bonding molecule orbitals are formed by a additional overlap,it is more stable.
3. Write the Lewis electron dot structures for (indicate the formal charges). (6)

a) GeCl3- b) FCO2- c) FNO

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4. Measured bond angle in H2Se is 91. Which orbitals of the H and Se atoms are most likely
involved in orbital overlap in H-Se bond? Explain. (4)

Hydrogen slenide is tetrahedral sp3 and it is bend shape.

5. Describe, using appropriate diagrams, the molecular geometry of NH3, first using the
VSERP method and then using the valence bond theory. (5)

Its in trigonal pyramidal shape and bond angles are 107degree because the hydrogen atoms are repelled by the lone pair
pair of electrons on the nitrogen atom valence electrons on central arom are there are just three bonded groups.

6. Explain the type of hybridization in the central atoms of the following molecules (15)
a. CO32-

b. SO2

c. CCl4

d. CO

Carbon

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e. NO2-

7. Calcium and carbon form an ionic compound, CaC2.

a) Predict the bond order of C2 via MO theory. (1)

b) Draw the Lewis structure of the C2 anion. (2)

c) What is the MO orbital configuration and the bond order of this anion. (2)

d) Do VBT and MO theory agree? (2)

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8. Elemental sulfur is a yellow solid that consists of S8 molecules. The structure of the S8
molecule is a puckered, eight-membered ring Heating elemental sulfur to high temperatures
produces gaseous S2 molecules:

(a) With respect to electronic structure, which element in the second row of the periodic table is
most similar to sulfur? (3)
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(b) Use the VSEPR model to predict the bond angles in S8 and the hybridization at S in S8.(4)

(c) Use MO theory to predict the sulfursulfur bond order in S2. Is the molecule expected to be
diamagnetic or paramagnetic?(2)

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(b) The following questions pertain to the F2 molecule:

Draw the molecular orbital energy diagram for F2 molecule. Label all the orbitals (3)

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 CHE 109
Write the molecular electronic configuration of F2 (1)

Determine the bond order of the molecule (1)

Indicate whether the molecule is diamagnetic or paramagnetic (2)

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Compare the relative stability of this molecule to F2+ and F2- (3)

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[TOTAL =70]

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