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Zone Models Can be applied as single zone Does not model non-
or multiple zones. homogeneous gas mixtures
The furnace volume is divided
well.
into isothermal surface and Single zone models can be
volume zones. Radiation heat computed by hand. It is not compatible with the
balance equations are solved form of equations solved in
Technique has been well
using radiation exchange CFD models.
validated and tested.
factors between each zone
If many zones are applied,
pair. Simple models do not require
then large numbers of
complex solution techniques.
exchange areas have to be
Can be applied to non-grey computed and stored.
gases using a weighted sum of
grey gases model.
Flux Models Can be applied to non- Results can suffer from errors
homogeneous absorbing and due to ray effect.
Direct solution of the
scattering media.
Radiative Transfer Equation
(RTE) by subdividing the The form of equations is well
directional variation into a suited to application and
small number of angles in solution in CFD models.
which radiation intensity is
assumed constant.
Monte Carlo models Easy to apply to complex It is not compatible with the
geometries. form of equations solved in
Uses random numbers to
CFD models.
simulate and track individual Can handle shadowing effects.
beams of radiation through a Statistical (random) errors can
Can be applied to model
furnace enclosure. arise so there is no guarantee
scattering, specular
of convergence.
reflectors and directional and
spectral wall properties.
The DTM The DTM can handle non- Less accurate than the Zone
homogeneous gases. method unless large numbers
Applies features of the above
of elements are applied.
three methods: Conceptually easy to apply.
Glossary terms
CFD Acronym for Computational Fluid Dynamics.
Non-grey gas - A gas whose emissivity (and absorptivity) varies with wavelength.
Radiative Transfer Equation The generalised fundamental equation describing a
radiant beam passing through a differential volume in an absorbing, emitting and
scattering medium.
Scattering The change in direction of propagation of radiation by the incidence of
photons with particles (e.g. soot) or droplets and sometime molecules in a medium.
Specular reflectors A smooth reflecting surface behaving like a mirror, in which the
angle of reflection equals the angle of incidence.
Weighted sum of grey gases An approximation used to represent non-grey
combustion products by a weighted summation of two or more grey gases plus a clear
gas.
Keywords
Radiation, Zone method, Flux method, Monte Carlo, Discrete Transfer Method, Heat
Transfer
Sources
Acknowledgements
None
File Placing
[Basic Scientific Principles]; [Heat and Mass Transfer]; [Radiation]
[Modelling]; [Mathematical]; [Radiation]
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