Documente Academic
Documente Profesional
Documente Cultură
Chapter 5
Life without Pavements
CIVL 3137 2
Pavement Types
Flexible
Rigid
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Load Distribution
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Rigid Pavements
CIVL 3137 7
Source: WSDOT Pavement Guide Interactive CD-ROM
Rigid Pavement Structure
Compacted Subgrade
Natural Subgrade
CIVL 3137 8
Source: WSDOT Pavement Guide Interactive CD-ROM
Flexible Pavements
CIVL 3137 9
Flexible Pavements
CIVL 3137 10
Source: WSDOT Pavement Guide Interactive CD-ROM
Flexible Pavement Structure
Compacted Subgrade
Natural Subgrade
CIVL 3137 12
Source: WSDOT Pavement Guide Interactive CD-ROM
Pavement Design Factors
Wheel Loads Applied to Pavement
Magnitude of Wheel Loads
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FHWA Vehicle Classes
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Damage Factors
Mazda Miata Ford Excursion
1 1
dM dF
NM NF
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Standard Vehicle
1
dS
NS
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Equivalency Factors
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Typical Axle Loads
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Standard Axle
9000 lb
9000 lb
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Weigh Station
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Axle Load Histogram
250
200
150
Frequency
100
50
0
6000- 12000- 18000- 24000- 30000- 32000- 34000- 36000- 38000- 40000-
11999 17999 23999 29999 31999 33999 35999 37999 39999 41999
Tandem Axle Load (lbs)
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Equivalent Single Axle Loads
ESAL = ??
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FHWA Truck Classes
Class Type EALF
1 Motorcycles negligible
2 Passenger Cars negligible
3 Other Two-Axle, Four-Tire Single Unit Vehicles negligible
4 Buses 0.57
5 Two-Axle, Six-Tire, Single Unit Trucks 0.26
6 Three-Axle Single Unit Trucks 0.42
7 Four or More Axle Single Unit Trucks 0.42
8 Four or Less Axle Single Trailer Trucks 0.30
9 Five-Axle Single Trailer Trucks 1.20
10 Six or More Axle Single Trailer Trucks 0.93
11 Five or Less Axle Multi-Trailer Trucks 0.82
12 Six-Axle Multi-Trailer Trucks 1.06
13 Seven or More Axle Multi-Trailer Trucks 1.39