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OUTLINE:

I. Common & Proper Tools Needed


II. Basic Electronics
III. Parts Familiarization & Function
IV. Desktop & Laptop/Notebook Comparison
V. Laptop/Notebook Advantages & Disadvantages
VI. How To Remove, Replace & Upgrade Laptops/Notebooks Parts
VII. How To Assemble & Re-assemble Laptop/Notebook
VIII. Troubleshooting Laptop/Notebook Problems & Solutions
IX. Tips, Tricks & Techniques
X. Preventive Maintenance
XI. BIOS
XII. FAQ
I. COMMON & PROPER TOOLS NEEDED:
TOOLS NEEDED FOR LAPTOP/NOTEBOOK DIS-ASSEMBLY, RE-ASSEMBLY, PARTS UPGRADE,
PARTS REPLACEMENT, TROUBLESHOOT AND REPAIR

- Wrist grounding strap and conductive mat for preventing electrostatic discharge
- Small Philips screw driver
- Philips screw driver
- Flat head screwdriver
- Plastic flat head screw driver
- Hex screw driver
- Tweezers
- Guitar Pick (Heavy)
- Screws container
- Ballpen
- Notepad
- Documentation

OTHER TOOLS: FOR CLEANING, TROUBLESHOOTING & REPAIR


- Analog/Digital Multimeter - Desoldering Pump
- Soldering Iron - Paintbrush
- Soldering Stand - Toothbrush
- Soldering Paste - Paperclip
- Soldering Lead - Eraser

SET OF FLAT HEAD SCREW DRIVER SET OF TWEEZER

SET OF HEX SCREW SET OF PHILIP SCREW


LONGNOSE, CUTTER & PLIER ALL IN ONE PACKAGE

GUITAR PICK (HEAVY) DIGITAL & ANALOG MULTIMETER

PLASTIC CONTAINER FOR SCREW ERASER

TOOTHBRUSH SOLDERING SET

PAINTBRUSH

PAPER CLIP
SOFTWARE & UTILITIES MUST HAVE
Start-up or bootable disk Data recovery utility
Operating system Hardware utility
Anti-virus Hard drive partition utility
Anti-spyware System monitoring utility
Application software Registry utility
System diagnostic utility Dead pixel utility
Data back-up utility Updated hardware drivers collections
Driver back-up utility

II. BASIC ELECTRONICS:


VOM Multimeter
is used to measure electrical resistance, direct current (DC) voltage, or alternating
current (AC) voltage and Resistance ().
CAUTION!
- Always check your selector switch before testing components & electrical sources.
- Set to specific type of voltage range (AC or DC) and always set to a much higher voltage than
the actual voltage output.
- Always check your positive (+) & negative (-) probe when testing DC voltage.

AC Voltage Test = no polarity ( AVR output, wall outlet, UPS output, power cable connected to
wall outlet etc.)
DC Voltage Test = with polarity (laptop battery, CMOS battery, desktop power supply
connector pins, AC adaptor connector etc.)
Continuity test = no polarity & not connected to circuit (power cable, switch, fuse, wire,
speaker, power jack connector, transformer etc.)
Resistance test ( ohms) = with polarity ( diode, transistor, electrolytic capacitor etc.)

POWER CONNECTOR OF AN AC ADAPTOR


Commonly Used Connector Not Commonly Used

Voltage output measured near to voltage specs. End (Tip) to End (Tip) Test
means the AC Adapter is good. - No deflection means the wire is open (bad)
- With deflection means the wire is good
X1

With deflection means the fuse is good No deflection means the fuse is bad (wire is open)

No deflection at all in any of the two contact terminal means the


Power Jack is bad (Open)
With deflection in any one of the two contact terminal means the
Power Jack is good
III. PARTS FAMILIARIZATION & FUNCTION

FRONT VIEW
RIGHT PANEL

LEFT PANEL
REAR PANEL

BOTTOM VIEW
LOCK KEYS
The keyboard has 3 lock keys w/c you can toggle on & off.

TOUCHPAD

The built-in touchpad is a pointing device


that senses movement on its surface. This
means the cursor responds as you move
your finger on the surface of the
touchpad. The central location on the
palmrest provides optimal comfort and
support.
1 = Left Click Button
NOTE: If you are using an external USB mouse, you can press Fn-F7 2 = 4-Way Scroll Key Button
to disable the touchpad. 3 = Right Click Button

PARTS OF THE LCD SCREEN DISPLAY


1. LCD bezel/rear cover
2. LCD hinge/bracket with antenna
3. LCD cable
4. Wi-Fi antenna
5. LCD inverter/LED card
6. LCD panel
7. Backlight (CCFL)
8. Frame
9. Digitizer
10.Transparent

PARTS OF THE SYSTEM UNIT


1. Keyboard bezel middle cover
2. Keyboard bezel upper case
3. Optical drive (UltraBay Plus CD/DVD)
4. UltraBay Plus guide rail
5. Microphone cable
6. Communications daughter card (CDC)
7. Bluetooth/modem
8. I/O bracket
9. Mini PCI access door
10. Main battery (Li-ion)
11. Backup (CMOS) battery
12. DIMM access door
13. Speakers
14. Lower case
15. Bluetooth antenna
16. DDR SODIMM
17. 802.11a/b Wi-Fi wireless card
18. Motherboard
19. CPU (Pentium M processor)
20. Hard disk guide rails
21. PC Card/CardBus slot
22. CPU heatsink/fan
23. Hard disk drive with tray
24. Hard disk drive access cover
25. Keyboard
26. TrackPoint cap
27. Hinge cap
a. Communications daughter card (CDC) plate
b. Modem cable
c. Motherboard chipset heatsink
d. Video chipset heatsink

Simple diagram that will help you to understand how a Laptop/Notebook display assembly works and
how an image appears on the screen.

VIDEO CABLE
A video signal from the motherboard goes to the LCD screen through the
video cable. The video cable connects to the motherboard (or video card)
through the connector 1. The video cable connects to the LCD screen through
the connector 2. The video cable (in most cases) is also responsible for
supplying a necessary voltage for the FL inverter board. The video cable
connects to the FL inverter board at the point 3.
FL INVERTER BOARD

This board is responsible for converting low voltage


DC power (point 3) to high voltage AC (point 4),
necessary to light up the backlight bulb.

CCFL (backlight bulb) Cold Cathode Flourescent Lamp


When the backlight bulb lights up, you can see an images on the LCD screen.

LID CLOSE SWITCH


The lid close switch is a small button that
locates close to the display hinges. On some
newer models there is no button, because the
switch is magnetic. You can set up your
laptop to go to a hibernation mode or to a
standby mode when the LCD is closed. Its done through power management software. These modes are
triggered when the display is closed and the lid close switch is pressed down.
COMPLETE HARDWARE PARTS OF A LAPTOP/NOTEBOOK
LCD SCREEN VIDEO FLEX CABLE
LAPTOP LI-ION BATTERY

HIGH CAPACITY EXTERNAL UNIVERSAL LI-ION BATTERY PACK

AC ADAPTOR

It provides power to the system and recharges the


batteries when they are low. It comes with a detachable
power cord. It encloses 2-pin or 3-pin plug type. Because
in its universal, it can receive a range of AC voltage from
100 240 volts.
UNIVERSAL POWER ADAPTER

EXPRESS CARD ADAPTERS

PC CARD OR CARDBUS

LAPTOP/NOTEBOOK COOLING PAD


DOCKING STATION & PORT REPLICATOR
IV. DESKTOP AND LAPTOP/NOTEBOOK COMPARISON
DESKTOP LAPTOP

DESKTOP SYSTEM UNIT LAPTOP SYSTEM UNIT

CRT LCD

DESKTOP MONITOR LCD (Liquid Crystal Display)

DESKTOP KEYBOARD LAPTOP KEYBOARD

DESKTOP PROCESSOR LAPTOP PROCESSOR


DESKTOP MOTHERBOARD LAPTOP MOTHERBOARD

3.5 IDE 40 PINS


2.5 IDE 44 PINS

DESKTOP HARDISK LAPTOP HARDISK

DDR2 240 200 PINS SODIMM PINS


PINS DIMM

214 PINS
DDR1 184 MICRO SODIMM
PINS DIMM

DESKTOP MEMORY LAPTOP MEMORY

INTERNAL WIRELESS CARD WIMAX PC CARD


(WIFI CARD) WIRELESS LAN PCMCIA
CARD

DESKTOP PCI LAN CARD LAPTOP LAN CARD

DESKTOP VIDEO CARD LAPTOP VIDEO CARD


PCI INTERNAL MODEM
INTERNAL MICRO PCI MODEM

PCMCIA MODEM

DESKTOP MODEM LAPTOP MODEM


DESKTOP CD-ROM DRIVE LAPTOP CD-ROM DRIVE

AC ADAPTOR
LI-ION BATTERY PACK

DESKTOP BTX POWER SUPPLY LAPTOP POWER SUPPLY

DESKTOP CPU HEATSINK FAN (HSF) LAPTOP CPU HSF

DESKTOP OPTICAL MOUSE LAPTOP TOUCHPAD

FLEX TYPE

RIBBON TYPE

DESKTOP VGA CABLE LAPTOP VGA CABLE


DESKTOP CMOS BATTERY LAPTOP CMOS BATTERY

PCI SLOT PCI EXPRESS


SLOT

DESKTOP PCI SLOT LAPTOP MICRO PCI SLOT


V. LAPTOP/NOTEBOOK ADVANTAGES & DISADVANTAGES
ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES
Portability Speed
Flexibility Little bit expensive
Light in weight Limited Hardware Upgrade or not easily upgraded
Low-Energy Consumption Greater Risk of being loss & stolen
Built-in UPS Greater Risk of being damage
Integrated Design Not ergo for extensive typing
Limited hardware availability
Repair cost are expensive
Not easy to isolate or swap parts for troubleshooting

Upgradeable Laptop System Components


Component Upgradeable Notes
Motherboard No Nonstandard form factors prevent internal upgrades.
Installing a faster CPU of the same type and model is usually
possible; however, there can be limitations due to voltage,
CPU Yes
thermal, and/or BIOS support issues, and clock speed increases
will normally be small.
Normally, only one or two SIMM/DIMM sockets are available.
Memory Yes You may need to remove lower-capacity existing modules to
upgrade.
Video adapter/chipset No Video is integrated into a non-upgradeable motherboard.
Video display
1 Nonstandard form factors and connections prevent internal
No upgrades.
2 Nonstandard form factors and connections prevent internal
Keyboard/pointing device No upgrades.
Older systems might not have BIOS support for drives larger
than 8.4GB. Many systems are limited to 9.5mm- or 12.5mm-
Hard disk Yes
thick drives. Drive trays or caddies are often required for
installation.
Removable-media drives Install these internally via modular bays or use external USB or
(floppy, CD/DVD, CD- Yes
IEEE 1394 (FireWire/i.LINK) drives.
RW/DVD+-RW)
USB, IEEE 1394
(FireWire/i.LINK), serial
Yes Install these via PC Card/CardBus or ExpressCard adapters.
(RS-232), parallel (IEEE
1284), SCSI, and so on
10/100/1000Mbps
Yes Install this via a PC Card or CardBus adapters.
Ethernet LAN
Install these via PC Card, CardBus, Mini PCI (internal) cards, or
Wireless 802.11a/b/g
Yes mobile daughter cards (MDCs). Internal cards may require
(Wi-Fi), Bluetooth
preinstalled antennas.

1. It is normally possible to connect an external display and use it in lieu of or in addition to the existing internal
display.
2. It is normally possible to connect an external keyboard and/or pointing device to use in lieu of or in addition to
the existing internal
devices.

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