GUIDELINES FOR LAB REPORT

1. Title

Name of experiment

2. Summary/Abstract (not more than 1 page)

Should cover briefly:

Introduction
Purposes
Methodology
Result & discussion
Conclusion

Should be written after conclusion of experiment OR project

3. Introduction

Background to the work / experiment

Example:
The purpose of this experiment is to identify the specific element in a metal
powder sample by determining its crystal structure and atomic radius.
These were determined using the Debye-Sherrer (powder camera) method
of X-ray diffraction.

Objectives
Theory / formula used in the experiment.
The introduction should be of 2 3 pages.

Example:
Braggs Law for diffraction is .

4. Methodology/Procedures/Experimental Method

List the materials/chemicals/ equipment used

Example:
Chemical: NaOH (Merck)
1. Equipment: Analytical balance (Mettler Toledo)
2. Apparatus: Conical flask (250 mL), pipette (25 mL)

State the procedure in chronological order

Example:

1
 Prepare 0.5M NaOH solution (from manual)
0.5M NaOH was prepared (your report) - Use of suitable tenses.

5. Result & Discussion

Analyze & calculate data

Transfer data into Table, Graph, Histogram or Pie chart
Base on above point, discuss on your findings and relate to your theory
and objective of experiment
Relate your findings to other research (project), with appropriate citation
Comparison be made between experimental results &
theoretical/predicted/reported values
Data accuracy and precision (personal, methodological and/or
instrumental errors) be addressed

Example:

Table 1: X vs. Y
Samples X (unit) Y (unit)
A
B
C
D

2
 180

160 y = 15.333x + 91.667

Condensate Flowrate (ml/min)

R = 0.8977
140

120

100
y = 20.952x + 49.405
80 R = 0.9312

60

40

20

0
0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0
Loading (N)

Figure 1: Relationship between Condensate Flowrate (ml/min) against loading (N) at

different temperature. o:130 C, 150 C

0% 7%

13%
33% 1
2
3
4
20% 5
6

27%

Figure 2: Percentage of

3
 50
45
40

parameter X (unit)
35
30
Series1
25
20 Series2
15
10
5
0
1 2 3 4 5 6
parameter Y (unit)

Figure 3: Relationship between X and Y

6. Conclusion

Summary of the results.

To relate in brief, the findings / results with the theory.
The conclusion should be one paragraph of 5 7 sentences.

Example:
The Debye-Sherrer method identified the sample material as nickel due to
the measured crystal structure (fcc) and atomic radius (approximately
0.124nm).

7. Recommendation

Base on the conclusion from the project carried out

Extension of the project for a detailed study
To confirm/change the findings with other parameters
The recommendation must be reasonable

8. References

A list of lab manuals, books, reports, journal, world wide web (www) etc.
Arrangement (year, alphabetical order)
Author, title, publisher, year, chapter or page number
In explaining theories, in introduction and discussion, the more citations
the better.
PLAGIARISM is strictly PROHIBITTED.