3-2 Types of collection systems :

Based on the mode of operation, collection systems are classified into two categories:

Hauled- container system (HCS).

Stationary container system (SCS).

Hauled- container systems (HCS):

It is the collection systems in which the containers used for the storage wastes are hauled to

the processing, transfer or disposal site, emptied and returned to the original point or to some

other location.

There are two types of hauled container system: 1) tilt -frame container, 2) trash-trailer. Tilt-

frame hauled container system has become widespread because of large volume that can be

hauled but trash trailer is better for the collection of especially heavy rubbish. The application

of both tilt -frame container and trash-trailer are similar, where, the collector is responsible for

driving the vehicles, loading full containers, and unloading empty containers, and emptying the

contents of the container at the disposal site.

Stationary container systems (SCS):

It is the collection systems in which the containers used for the storage of wastes remain

at the point of waste generation except when moved for collection. There are two types of

stationary container systems: 1) self-loading collection vehicles equipped with compactors. 2)

Manually loaded vehicles.

 Trips to the disposal site, transfer station or processing station are made after the content of the

collection vehicle is full.

Examples of typical collection vehicles are shown in fig. (3).

Fig. (3): Various trucks for municipal solid waste and recyclable collection

The operational tasks for the hauled container and stationary container systems are shown
schematically in Fig (4).
Figure (4): Definition sketch for waste collection systems

3-1 Analysis of collection system:

By separating the collection activities into unit operations, it is possible to develop design

data and relationships that can be used to establish vehicles and labor requirements for the
 various collection systems. The activities involved in the collection of solid wastes can be

resolved into four unit operations: pick-up, haul, at-site, and off-routs. So, the time required per

trip, which also correspond to the time required per container, is equal to the sum of pick-up,

at-site and haul times.

3-4 Collection routs:

Once the equipments and labor requirements have been determined, collection rout must be

laid out to use the work force and the equipments effectively. The lay out of the collection routs

are a four-step processes.

First: prepare location maps with the data of the pick-up points, their locations, number of

containers, collection frequency, if SCS system is used, and the estimated quantity of wastes to

be collected at each pick-up collection.

Second: Prepare data summaries; estimate the quantity of wastes to be collected from pick-up

location. If SCS system is used, the number of locations that will be serviced during each pick-

up cycle must be determined.

Third: Lay-out preliminary collection routes starting from the dispatch station and ending at a

location near to the disposal site.

Fourth: Develop balance routes. Determine the labor requirements per day and check against

the available work times per day.

4 - Transfer and Transport:

- Transfer and transport refers to the mean, facilities, and appurtenances used to affect
the transfer of wastes from one location to another.

-Small collection vehicles are transferred to larger vehicles that are used to transport the waste
over extended distances to disposal sites.

- It is very important to calculate the traveling period between the collection areas to the
final disposal area.

- Depending on the method used to load the transport vehicles, transfer station may
be classified into three types:

Direct Discharge: The wastes in the collection vehicles are emptied directly into the
vehicle to be used to transport them to a place of final disposal area. Used normally in the
small communities.

Storage Discharge: the wastes are emptied into storage area from which they are loaded
into transport vehicles by auxiliary equipments. Then will be transfer to the final disposal
sites. It is useful for the large communities.

Combined of storage and direct Discharge: in some transfer station both methods are used
to serve a broad range of users. In addition, it houses a material salvage operation.

- Health, safety, and environmental requirements are needed in the transportation of

solid waste.