CHAPTER 19

Quick Quizzes

1. (b). The force that a magnetic field exerts on a charged particle moving through it is given
by F = qvB sin = qvB , where B is the component of the field perpendicular to the
particles velocity. Since the particle moves in a straight line, the magnetic force (and
hence B , since qv 0 ) must be zero.

2. (c). The magnetic force exerted by a magnetic field on a charge is proportional to the
charges velocity relative to the field. If the charge is stationary, as in this situation, there is
no magnetic force.
3. (a). The magnetic force acting on the particle is always perpendicular to the velocity of the
particle, and hence to the displacement the particle is undergoing. Under these conditions,
the force does no work on the particle and the particles kinetic energy remains constant.
4. (c). Anytime the velocity of a charged particle is perpendicular to the magnetic field, it will
follow a circular path. The two particles will move in opposite directions around their
circular paths if their charges have opposite signs, but their charges are unknown so (d) is
not an acceptable answer.
5. (b). The two forces are an action-reaction pair. They act on different wires, and have equal
magnitudes but opposite directions.

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Problem Solutions

19.1 The direction in parts (a) through (d) is found by use of the right hand rule. You must
remember that the electron is negatively charged, and thus experiences a force in the
direction exactly opposite that predicted by the right hand rule for a positively charged
particle.

(a) horizontaland due east (b) horizontaland 30 N ofE

(c) horizontaland due east (d) zero force , F = qvB sin = qvB sin (180) = 0

19.2 (a) For a positively charged particle, the direction of the force is that predicted by the
right hand rule. These are:

(a) in plane ofpage and to left (b) into the page

(c) outofthe page (d) in plane ofpage and tow ard the top

(e) into the page (f) outofthe page

(b) For a negatively charged particle, the direction of the force is exactly opposite what
the right hand rule predicts for positive charges. Thus, the answers for part (b) are
reversed from those given in part(a) .

19.3 Since the particle is positively charged, use the right hand rule. In this case, start with
the thumb of the right hand in the direction of v and the palm facing the direction of F.
The fingers will point in the direction of B. The results are

(a) into the page (b) tow ard the right (c) tow ard bottom ofpage

19.4 Hold the right hand with the thumb in the direction of v and the fingers in the direction
of B. The palm will the face the direction of the force (and hence the deflection) if the
particle has a positive charge. The results are

(a) tow ard top ofpage (b) outofthe page , since the charge is negative.

(c) zero force (d) into the page

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19.5 Gravitational force:

( )( )
Fg = m g = 9.11 1031 kg 9.80 m s2 = 8.93 1030 N dow nw ard

Electric force:

( )
Fe = qE = 1.60 1019 C ( 100 N C ) = 1.60 1017 N upw ard

Magnetic force:

( )( )(
Fm = qvB sin = 1.60 1019 C 6.00 106 m s 50.0 106 T sin ( 90.0) )
= 4.80 1017 N in direction opposite righthand rule prediction

Fm = 4.80 1017 N dow nw ard

19.6 (a) F = qvB sin

( )( )
= 1.60 1019 C 3.0 106 m s ( 0.30 T ) sin ( 37) = 8.7 1014 N

F 8.7 1014 N
(b) a = = = 5.2 1013 m s2
m 1.67 10 kg
-27

19.7 The gravitational force is small enough to be ignored, so the magnetic force must supply
the needed centripetal acceleration. Thus,

v2 qB r
m = qvB sin 90 , or v = where r = RE + 1000 km =7.38 106 m
r m

v=
(1.60 10 19
)( )(
C 4.00 108 T 7.38 106 m )= 2.83 107 m s
27
1.67 10 kg

If v is toward the west and B is northward, F will be directed downward as required.

1 2
19.8 The speed attained by the electron is found from m v = q ( V ) , or
2

v=
2e( V )
=
( )
2 1.60 1019 C ( 2400 V )
= 2.90 107 m s
31
m 9.11 10 kg

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 C H A P T E R 1 9

(a) Maximum force occurs when the electron enters the region perpendicular to the
field.

Fm ax = q vB sin 90

( )( )
= 1.60 1019 C 2.90 107 m s (1.70 T ) = 7.90 1012 N

(b) Minimum force occurs when the electron enters the region parallel to the field.

Fm in = q vB sin 0 = 0

19.9 B= = =
(
27
F m a 1.67 10 kg 2.0 10 m s
13 2
)(
= 0.021 T
)
qv qv (
1.60 1019 C 1.0 107 m s )( )
The right hand rule shows that B must be in the -y direction to yield a force in the +x
direction when v is in the +z direction.

19.10 The force on a single ion is

F1 = qvB sin
( )
= 1.60 1019 C ( 0.851 m s) ( 0.254 T ) sin ( 51.0) = 2.69 1020 N

The total number of ions present is

ions
N = 3.00 1020
100 cm
cm 3
( 3
) = 3.00 10 22

Thus, assuming all ions move in the same direction through the field, the total force is

( )(
F = N F1 = 3.00 1022 2.69 1020 N = 806 N )

19.11 From F = BIL sin , the magnetic field is

FL 0.12 N m
B= = = 8.0 103 T
Isin (15 A ) sin90

The direction of B must be the + z direction to have F in the y direction when I is in

the +x direction.

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19.12 Use the right hand rule, holding your right hand with the thumb in the direction of the
current and the palm facing the direction of the force. Your fingers will point in the
direction of the magnetic field. The results are

(a) into the page (b) tow ard the right

(c) tow ard the bottom ofthe page

19.13 Hold the right hand with the thumb in the direction of the current and the fingers in the
direction of the magnetic field. The palm then faces the direction of the force. The results
are

(a) to the left (b) into the page (c) outofthe page

(d) tow ard top ofpage (e) into the page (f) outofthe page

19.14 The magnitude of the force is

F = BIL sin = (1.60 T ) ( 2.40 A ) ( 0.750 m ) sin ( 90.0 ) = 2.88 N

and, from the right hand rule, the force is in the y direction .

19.15 F = BIL sin = ( 0.300 T )(10.0 A )( 5.00 m ) sin ( 30.0 ) = 7.50 N

19.16 (a) The magnitude is

( )
F = BIL sin = 0.60 10-4 T (15 A )(10.0 m ) sin ( 90 ) = 9.0 103 N

F is perpendicular to B. Using the right hand rule, the orientation of F is found to be

15 above the horizontalin the northw ard direction .

( )
(b) F = BIL sin = 0.60 10-4 T (15 A )(10.0 m ) sin (165) = 2.3 103 N ,

and, from the right hand rule, the direction is horizontaland due w est .

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19.17 For minimum field, B should be perpendicular to the wire. If the force is to be
northward, the field must be directed dow nw ard .

To keep the wire moving, the magnitude of the magnetic force must equal that of the
kinetic friction force. Thus, BIL sin 90 = k ( m g) , or

( 0.200) (1.00 g cm ) ( 9.80 m s2 ) 1 kg 102 m

k ( m L) g
B= = 103 g 1 m = 0.131 T
Isin 90 (1.50 A )(1.00)

19.18 To have zero tension in the wires, the magnetic force per unit
length must be directed upward and equal to the weight per
unit length of the conductor. Thus,

Fm mg
= B I= , or
L L Bin

I=
( m L) g = ( 0.040 kg m ) ( 9.80 m s2 )= 0.109 A
B 3.60 T

From the right hand rule, the current must be to the right if the force is to be upward
when the magnetic field is into the page.

19.19 For the wire to move upward at constant speed, the net force acting on it must be zero.
Thus, BIL sin = m g , and for minimum field = 90 . The minimum field is

B= =
(
m g ( 0.015 kg) 9.80 m s
2
)
= 0.20 T
IL ( 5.0 A )( 0.15 m )

For the magnetic force to be directed upward when the current is toward the left, B must
be directed outofthe page .

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19.20 If the rod is to float, the magnetic force must be directed upward and have a magnitude
equal to the weight of the rod. Thus, BIL sin = m g , or

mg
I=
B L sin

For minimum current, sin = 1 giving

Im in = =
(
m g ( 0.0500 kg) 9.80 m s
2
)
= 0.245 A
BL ( 2.00 T ) (1.00 m )

19.21 For each segment, the magnitude of the force is given by F = BIL sin and the direction
is given by the right hand rule. The results of applying these to each of the four
segments are summarized below.

Segment L (m) F (N) Direction

ab 0.400 180 0 _ y

bc 0.400 90.0 0.0400 negative x d

a
cd 0.400 2 45.0 0.0400 negative z
z I
parallel to x-z b x
plane at 45 to c
da 0.400 2 90.0 0.0566
both +x and +z B
directions

19.22 The magnitude of the torque is = N BIA sin , where is the angle between the field
and the perpendicular to the plane of the loop. The circumference of the loop is
1.00 m 1
2 r = 2.00 m , so the radius is r = and the area is A = r2 = m 2 .

1
( )
Thus, = (1)( 0.800 T ) 17.0 103 A m 2 sin 90.0 = 4.33 103 N m

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 C H A P T E R 1 9

19.23 The area is A = ab = ( 0.200 m )( 0.150 m ) = 0.0942 m 2 . Since the field is parallel to the
plane of the loop, = 90.0 and the magnitude of the torque is

= N BIA sin

( ) (
= 8 2.00 104 T ( 6.00 A ) 0.0942 m 2
) sin90.0 = 9.05 104 N m

The torque is directed to make the left-hand side of the loop move toward you and the
right-hand side move away.

19.24 Note that the angle between the field and the perpendicular to the plane of the loop is
= 90.0 30.0 = 60.0 . Then, the magnitude of the torque is

= N BIA sin = 100( 0.80 T )(1.2 A ) [ ( 0.40 m )( 0.30 m ) ] sin 60.0 = 10 N m

With current in the y direction, the outside edge of the loop will experience a force
directed out of the page (+z direction) according to the right hand rule. Thus, the loop
will rotate clockw ise as view ed from above .

19.25 (a) Let be the angle the plane of the loop makes with y
the horizontal as shown in the sketch at the right.
Then, the angle it makes with the vertical is
= 90.0 . The number of turns on the loop is
x
L 4.00 m
N = = = 10.0
circum ference 4( 0.100 m ) normal
line
z s/2
The torque about the z axis due to gravity is I

g = m g cos , where s= 0.100 m is the length
s
2 I
of one side of the loop. This torque tends to rotate the
loop clockwise. The torque due to the magnetic force mg
tends to rotate the loop counterclockwise about the z
axis and has magnitude m = N BIA sin . At
( )
equilibrium, m = g or N BI s2 sin = m g( scos ) 2 .
This reduces to

tan =
mg
=
(
( 0.100 kg) 9.80 m s2 ) = 14.4
2N BIs 2(10.0)( 0.0100 T )( 3.40 A )( 0.100 m )

Since tan = tan ( 90.0 ) = cot , the angle the loop makes with the vertical at
equilibrium is = cot1 (14.4) = 3.97 .
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 C H A P T E R 1 9

(b) At equilibrium,

m = N BI( s2 ) sin

= (10.0)( 0.0100 T )( 3.40 A )( 0.100 m ) 2 sin ( 90.0 3.97)

= 3.39 103 N m

19.26 The resistance of the loop is

R=
L
=
(1.70 10 8
m ) ( 8.00 m ) = 1.36 10 3
,
4
A 1.00 10 m 2

V 0.100 V
and the current in the loop is I= = = 73.5 A
R 1.36 103

The magnetic field exerts torque = N BIA sin on the loop, and this is a maximum
when sin = 1 . Thus,

m ax = N BIA = (1)( 0.400 T )( 73.5 A ) ( 2.00 m )2 = 118 N m

19.27 Since the particle follows a circular path, it must move perpendicularly to the field.
Therefore, the magnetic force is Fm = qvB sin 90 = qvB . This force must supply the
v2
centripetal acceleration, so m = qvB , or m v = qBr .
r

Since v = 2( KE) m , this gives m 2( KE) m = qBr,

( )
2.0 106 C ( 0.10 T ) ( 3.0 m )2
2 2
q2B2r2
or m= = = 2.0 1012 kg
2( KE) 2( 0.090 J)

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 C H A P T E R 1 9

19.28 Since the path is circular, the particle moves perpendicular to the magnetic field and the
v2 mv
magnetic force supplies the centripetal acceleration. Hence, m = qvB , or B = . But
r qr
the momentum is given by p = m v = 2m ( KE) , and the kinetic energy of this proton is
1.60 1019 J
(
KE = 10.0 106 eV
1 eV
) 12
= 1.60 10 J. We then have

B=
2m ( KE)
=
( )(
2 1.67 1027 kg 1.60 1012 J )= 7.88 1012 T
qr (1.60 10 19
)(
C 5.80 10 m 10
)

19.29 For the particle to pass through with no deflection, the net force acting on it must be
zero. Thus, the magnetic force and the electric force must be in opposite directions and
have equal magnitudes. This gives

Fm = Fe , or qvB = qE which reduces to v = E B

19.30 The speed of the particles emerging from the velocity selector is v = E B (see Problem
29). In the deflection chamber, the magnetic force supplies the centripetal acceleration,
m v2 m v m ( E B) m E
so qvB = , or r = = = 2.
r qB qB qB

Using the given data, the radius of the path is found to be

r=
( 2.18 10 26
)
kg ( 950 V m )
= 1.50 10 4
m = 0.150 m m
(1.60 10 -19
C ) ( 0.930 T )
2

1 2
19.31 From conservation of energy, ( KE + PE ) f = ( KE + PE ) i, we find that m v + qV f = 0 + qV i,
2
or the speed of the particle is

v=
(
2q V i V f )= 2q( V )
=
(
2 1.60 1019 C ( 250 V ) )
= 5.66 104 m s
m m 2.50 10-26 kg

m v2
The magnetic force supplies the centripetal acceleration giving qvB = ,
r

or r= =
( 26
m v 2.50 10 kg 5.66 10 m s
4
)(
= 1.77 102 m = 1.77 cm
)
qB (
1.60 1019 C ( 0.500 T ) )
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 C H A P T E R 1 9

19.32 Since the centripetal acceleration is furnished by the magnetic force acting on the ions,
m v2 mv
qvB = or the radius of the path is r = . Thus, the distance between the impact
r qB
points (i.e., the difference in the diameters of the paths followed by the U 238 and the U 235
isotopes) is

d = 2( r238 r235 ) = ( m 238 m 235 )

2v
qB
(
2 3.00 105 m s ) 27 kg
= ( 238 u 235 u ) 1.66 10
u
(1.60 10 19
)
C ( 0.600 T )

or d = 3.11 102 m = 3.11 cm

19.33 (a) From qvB = m v2 r, the radius of the path is r = m v qB . The angular momentum is
L = m vr , so m v = L r and we have

Lr L
r= , or r2 = .
qB qB

Thus,

L 4.00 1025 J s
r= = = 5.00 102 m = 5.00 cm
qB ( )(
1.60 10 C 1.00 10 T
-19 3
)
(b) The speed of the electron is found from L = m vr as

L 4.00 1025 J s
v= = = 8.78 106 m s
(
m r 9.11 10 kg 5.00 10 m
-31
)(
2
)

19.34 Imagine grasping the conductor with the right hand so the fingers curl around the
conductor in the direction of the magnetic field. The thumb then points along the
conductor in the direction of the current. The results are

(a) tow ard the left (b) outofpage (c) low er leftto upper right

19.35 Treat the lightning bolt as a long, straight conductor. Then, the magnetic field is

I ( 4 10 )( ) = 2.00 10
7
T m A 1.00 104 A
B= 0 = 5
T = 20.0 T
2 r 2 (100 m )

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 C H A P T E R 1 9

19.36 Model the tornado as a long, straight, vertical conductor and imagine grasping it with
the right hand so the fingers point northward on the western side of the tornado. The
thumb is directed downward, meaning that the

conventionalcurrentis dow nw ard or negative charge flow s upw ard .

The magnitude of the current is found from B = 0I 2 r as

I=
2 rB
=
(
2 9.00 103 m )(1.50 108
T )= 675 A
0 4 10 -7
Tm A

19.37 From B = 0I 2 r , the required distance is

0I ( 4 10 T m A ) ( 5.0 A )
-7

r= = = 2.0 102 m = 2.0 cm

2 B 2 ( 5.0 10 T )
5

19.38 Assume that the wire on the right is wire 1 and that on the left is wire 2. Also, choose the
positive direction for the magnetic field to be out of the page and negative into the page.

(a) At the point half way between the two wires,

I I
Bnet = B1 B2 = 0 1 + 0 2 = 0 ( I1 + I2 )
2 r1 2 r2 2 r

=
( 4 10 T m A ) (10.0 A ) = 4.00 10
7
5

2 ( 5.00 10 m ) -2
T

or Bnet = 40.0 T into the page

0 I1 I2
(b) At point P1 , Bnet = + B1 B2 =
2 r1 r2

Bnet =
( 4 10 7
)
T m A 5.00 A

5.00 A
= 5.00 T outofpage
2
0.100 m 0.200 m

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 C H A P T E R 1 9

0 I1 I2
(c) At point P2 , Bnet = B1 + B2 = +
2 r1 r2

Bnet =
( 4 10 7

)
T m A 5.00 A
+
5.00 A
2
0.300 m 0.200 m

= 1.67 T outofpage

19.39 The distance from each wire to point P is given by

1 A C
r= ( 0.200 m ) 2 + ( 0.200 m ) 2 = 0.141 m
2 BA BC

0.200 mm
P
At point P, the magnitude of the magnetic field
produced by each of the wires is BB BD

0I ( 4 10 T m A ) ( 5.00 A )
7
B 0.200 mm D
B= = = 7.07 T
2 r 2 ( 0.141 m )

Carrying currents into the page, the field A produces

at P is directed to the left and down at 135, while B
creates a field to the right and down at 45. Carrying currents toward you, C produces
a field downward and to the right at 45, while Ds contribution is downward and to
the left. The horizontal components of these equal magnitude contributions cancel in
pairs, while the vertical components all add. The total field is then

Bnet = 4( 7.07 T ) sin 45.0 = 20.0 T tow ard the bottom ofthe page .

19.40 Call the wire carrying a current of 3.00 A wire 1 and the other wire 2. Also, choose the
line running from wire 1 to wire 2 as the positive x direction.

(a) At the point midway between the wires, the field due to B1
each wire is parallel to the y axis and the net field is +x
I1 I2
Bnet = + B1y B2y = 0 ( I1 I2 ) 2 r B2

Thus, Bnet =
( 4 10 7
Tm A ) ( 3.00 A 5.00 A ) = 4.00 106
T,
2 ( 0.100 m )

or Bnet = 4.00 T tow ard the bottom ofthe page .

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 C H A P T E R 1 9

(b) At point P, r1 = ( 0.200 m ) 2 and B1 is directed at 1 = +135 . B1

P
The magnitude of B1 is B2

I ( 4 10 T m A ) ( 3.00 A )
7 r1 r2
B1 = 0 1 = = 2.12 T
2 r1 (
2 0.200 2 m ) +x
I1 I2
The contribution from wire 2 is in the x direction and has magnitude

0I2 ( 4 10 T m A ) ( 5.00 A )
7

B2 = = = 5.00 T
2 r2 2 ( 0.200 m )

Therefore, the components of the net field at point P are:

Bx = B1 cos135 + B2 cos180
= ( 2.12 T ) cos135 + ( 5.00 T ) cos180 = 6.50 T

and By = B1 sin135 + B2 sin180 = ( 2.12 T ) sin135 + 0 = +1.50 T

Bx = 6.50 T
Therefore, Bnet = Bx2 + By2 = 6.67 T at
By = 1.50 T
Bnet
Bx 1 6.50 T
= tan1 = tan = 77.0 ,
By 1.50 T

or Bnet = 6.67 T at77.0 to the leftofvertical

19.41 Call the wire along the x axis wire 1 and the other wire 2. Also, choose the positive
direction for the magnetic fields at point P to be out of the page.

0I1 0I2 0 I1 I2
At point P, Bnet = + B1 B2 = = ,
2 r1 2 r2 2 r1 r2

Bnet =
( 4 10
7
)
T m A 7.00 A 6.00 A
7
or = +1.67 10 T
2 3.00 m 4.00 m

Bnet = 0.167 T outofthe page

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 C H A P T E R 1 9

19.42 Since the proton moves with constant velocity, the net force acting on it is zero. Thus, the
magnetic force due to the current in the wire must be counterbalancing the weight of the
proton, or qvB = m g where B = 0I 2 d . This gives

qv0I
= m g , or the distance the proton is above the wire must be
2 d

d= =
( 19 4
)( 7
)(
qv0I 1.60 10 C 2.30 10 m s 4 10 T m A 1.20 10 A
6
)( )
2 m g (
2 1.67 1027 kg 9.80 m s2 )( )
d = 5.40 102 m = 5.40 cm

19.43 (a) From B = 0I 2 r , observe that the field is inversely proportional to the distance
from the conductor. Thus, the field will have one-tenth its original value if the
distance is increased by a factor of 10. The required distance is then
r = 10r = 10( 0.400 m ) = 4.00 m .

(b) A point in the plane of the conductors and 40.0 cm from the center of the cord is
located 39.85 cm from the nearer wire and 40.15 cm from the far wire. Since the
currents are in opposite directions, so are their contributions to the net field.
Therefore, Bnet = B1 B2 , or

0 I 1 1 ( 4 10 )
T m A ( 2.00 A )
7
1 1
Bnet = =
2 r1 r2 2 0.3985 m 0.4015 m

= 7.50 109 T = 7.50 nT

(c) Call r the distance from cord center to field point P r

and 2d = 3.00 m m the distance between centers of 2d
the conductors. P

0 I 1 1 0 I 2d rd
Bnet = =
2 r d r+ d 2 r2 d2 r+d

7.50 10 10
T=
( 4 10
7
)
T m A ( 2.00 A ) 3.00 103 m
2 r2 2.25 106 m 2

so r= 1.26 m .

The field of the two-conductor cord is weak to start with and falls off rapidly with
distance.

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 C H A P T E R 1 9

(d) The cable creates zero field at exterior points, since a loop in Ampres law
encloses zero total current.

19.44 (a)
F 0II
= 1 2
=
(
4 107 T m A (10.0 A ) ) 2

L 2 d 2 ( 0.100 m )

= 2.00 104 N m ( attraction)

(b) The magnitude remains the same as calculated in (a), but the wires are repelled.
Thus, = 2.00 104 N m ( repulsion )
F
L

19.45 In order for the system to be in equilibrium, the repulsive magnetic force per unit length
on the top wire must equal the weight per unit length of this wire.

F 0II
Thus, = 1 2
= 0.080 N m , and the distance between the wires will be
L 2 d

d=
0II
1 2
=
( 4 10 7
)
T m A ( 60.0 A )( 30.0 A )
2 ( 0.080 N m ) 2 ( 0.080 N m )
= 4.5 103 m = 4.5 m m

19.46 The magnetic forces exerted on the top and bottom segments of the rectangular loop are
equal in magnitude and opposite in direction. Thus, these forces cancel and we only
need consider the sum of the forces exerted on the right and left sides of the loop.
Choosing to the left (toward the long, straight wire) as the positive direction, the sum of
these two forces is

0II
1 2l II l II l 1 1
Fnet = + 012 = 012 ,
2 c 2 ( c+ a) 2 c c+ a

or Fnet =
( 4 10 7
)
T m A ( 5.00 A )(10.0 A )( 0.450 m ) 1

1

2 0.100 m 0.250 m

= + 2.70 105 N = 2.70 105 N to the left

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 C H A P T E R 1 9

N
19.47 The magnetic field inside a long solenoid is B = 0nI= 0 I. Thus, the required
L
current is

I=
BL
=
( )
1.00 104 T ( 0.400 m )
= 3.18 102 A = 31.8 m A
0N (
4 10 T m A (1000)
-7
)

19.48 (a) From R = L A , the required length of wire to be used is

( 5.00 ) ( 0.500 103 m ) 4

2
RA
L= = = 57.7 m
1.70 108 m

The total number of turns on the solenoid (i.e., the number of times this length of
wire will go around a 1.00 cm radius cylinder) is

L 57.7 m
N = = = 919
(
2 r 2 1.00 102 m )
(b) From B = 0nI, the number of turns per unit length on the solenoid is

B 4.00 102 T
n= = = 7.96 103 turns m
( )
0I 4 10-7 T m A ( 4.00 A )

Thus, the required length of the solenoid is

N 919 turns
= = 0.115 m = 11.5 cm
n 7.96 103 turns m

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 C H A P T E R 1 9

19.49 The magnetic field inside the solenoid is

turns 100 cm
(
B = 0nI1 = 4 107 T m A 30

)
cm 1 m
(15.0 A ) = 5.65 10 T

2

Therefore, the magnitude of the magnetic force on any one of the sides of the square
loop is

( ) ( )
F = BI2 L sin90.0 = 5.65 102 T ( 0.200 A ) 2.00 102 m = 2.26 104 N

The forces acting on the sides of the loop lie in the plane of the loop, are perpendicular
to the sides, and are directed aw ay from the interior of the loop. Thus, they tend to
stretch the loop but do not tend to rotate it. The torque acting on the loop is = 0 .

19.50 (a) The magnetic force supplies the centripetal acceleration, so qvB = m v2 r. The
magnetic field inside the solenoid is then found to be

B=
( 31
)(
m v 9.11 10 kg 1.0 10 m s
=
4
)
= 2.847 106 T = 2.8 T .
qr ( )(
1.60 1019 C 2.0 102 m )
(b) From B = 0nI, the current is the solenoid is found to be

B 2.847 106 T
I= =
( )
0n 4 10-7 T m A ( 25 turns cm )(100 cm 1 m )

= 9.1 104 A = 0.91 m A .

19.51 When the plane of the coil makes an angle of 35 with the field direction, the
perpendicular to the plane of the coil makes an angle of = 90 35 = 55 with the
magnetic field.

Thus, the torque exerted on the loop is

= N BIA sin = (1)( 0.30 T )( 25 A ) ( 0.30 m ) sin 55 = 1.7 N m

2

19.52 Since the magnetic force must supply the centripetal acceleration, qvB = m v2 r or the
radius of the path is r = m v qB .

142
 C H A P T E R 1 9

(a) The time for the electron to travel the semicircular path (of length r) is

r m v m ( 9.11 1031 kg)

t= = = =
v v qB qB (1.60 10 -19
)
C ( 0.0100 T )

= 1.79 109 s = 1.79 ns

(b) The radius of the semicircular path is 2.00 cm. From r = m v qB , the momentum of
the electron is p = mv = qBr and the kinetic energy is

(1.60 10 ) ( 0.0100 T ) ( 2.00 10 )

2 2
( m v) 2 q2B2r2
19 2 2
C m
KE = 12 m v = 2
= =
2m 2m 2( 9.11 10 kg)
-31

(
KE = 5.62 1016 J
1 keV
)
-16
1.60 10 J
= 3.51 keV

19.53 Assume wire 1 is along the x axis and wire 2 along the y axis.

(a) Choosing out of the page as the positive field direction, the field at point P is

0 I1 I2 ( 4 10 T m A ) 5.00 A
7
3.00 A
B = B1 B2 = =
2 r1 r2 2 0.400 m 0.300 m

= 5.00 107 T = 0.500 T outofthe page

(b) At 30.0 cm above the intersection of the wires, the field +z

Bx = B2
components are as shown at the right, where B
1

= +y
0.300 m

B
y

0I1 A
By = B1 = 00
2 r =
3 .

( 4 10 7
)
T m A ( 5.00 A ) I +x
2

= = 3.33 106 T ,
2 ( 0.300 m ) I1 = 5.00 A

I ( 4 10 T m A ) ( 3.00 A )
7

and Bx = B2 = 0 2 = = 2.00 106 T

2 r 2 ( 0.300 m )

143
 C H A P T E R 1 9

The resultant field is

By
B = Bx2 + By2 = 3.89 106 T at =tan-1 = 59.0 ,
Bx

or B = 3.89 T at59.0 clockw ise from +x direction

19.54 For the rail to move at constant velocity, the net force acting on it must be zero. Thus, the
magnitude of the magnetic force must equal that of the friction force giving
BIL = k ( m g) , or

k ( m g) ( 0.100) ( 0.200 kg) ( 9.80 m s2 )

B= = = 3.92 102 T
IL (10.0 A )( 0.500 m )

19.55 The magnetic force acting on each type particle supplies the centripetal acceleration for
that particle. Thus, qvB = m v2 r or r = m v qB .

After completing one half of the circular paths, the two types of particle are separated by
the difference in the diameters of the two paths. Therefore,

d = 2( r2 r1 ) = ( m 2 m 1)
2v
qB

=
(
2 1.00 105 m s ) ( 23.4 20.0) 1027 kg
(1.60 10 19
)
C ( 0.200 T )

= 2.13 102 m = 2.13 cm

19.56 Let the leftmost wire be wire 1 and the rightmost be wire 2.

(a) At point C, B1 is directed out of the page and B2 is into the page. If the net field is
zero, then B1 = B2 , or

0I 0I2 r 15.0 cm
= , giving I= I2 1 = (10.0 A ) = 30.0 A
2 r1 2 r2 r2 5.00 cm

144
 C H A P T E R 1 9

(b) At point A, B1 and B2 are both directed out of the page, so

Bnet = B1+B2 =
0
( I1 + I2 ) =
( 4 10 T m A ) ( 30.0 A +10.0 A )
7

2 r 2 ( 5.00 10-2 m )

4
= 1.60 10 T outofthe page

19.57 (a) Since the magnetic field is directed from N to S (i.e., from left to right within the
artery), positive ions with velocity in the direction of the blood flow experience a
magnetic deflection toward electrode A. Negative ions will experience a force
deflecting them toward electrode B. This separation of charges creates an electric
field directed from A toward B. At equilibrium, the electric force caused by this field
must balance the magnetic force, so

qvB = qE = q( V d) ,

V 160 106 V
or v = = = 1.33 m s
(
Bd ( 0.0400 T ) 3.00 10-3 m )
(b) The magnetic field is directed from N to S. If the charge carriers are negative
moving in the direction of v, the magnetic force is directed toward point B.
Negative charges build up at point B, making the potential at A higher than that at
B. If the charge carriers are positive moving in the direction of v, the magnetic force
is directed toward A, so positive charges build up at A. This also makes the
potential at A higher than that at B. Therefore the sign of the potential difference
does notdepend on the charge ofthe ions .

19.58 (a) Since the distance between them is so small in comparison to the radius of
curvature, the hoops may be treated as long, straight, parallel wires. Because the
currents are in opposite directions, the hoops repel each other. The magnetic force
on the top loop is

II I2 ( 2 r) 0I2r
Fm = 0 1 2 L = 0 =
2 d 2 d d

=
( 4 10
7
)
T m A (140 A ) ( 0.100 m
2
)
= 2.46 N upw ard
1.00 10 m -3

(b) Fy = m ay = Fm m g ,

Fm 2.46 N
or ay = g= 9.80 m s2 = 107 m s2 upw ard
m 0.021 kg
145
 C H A P T E R 1 9

19.59 The magnetic force is very small in comparison to the weight of the ball, so we treat the
motion as that of a freely falling body. Then, as the ball approaches the ground, it has
velocity components with magnitudes of

vx = vix = 20.0 m s , and

( )
vy = vi2y + 2ay ( y) = 0 + 2 9.80 m s2 ( 20.0 m ) = 19.8 m s

The velocity of the ball is perpendicular to the magnetic field and, just before it reaches
the ground, has magnitude v = vx2 + vy2 = 28.1 m s. Thus, the magnitude of the
magnetic force is

Fm = qvB sin

( )
= 5.00 10-6 C ( 28.1 m s) ( 0.0100 T ) sin90.0 = 1.41 106 N

19.60 When charged particles move perpendicularly to a magnetic field, they follow a circular
path with the magnetic force supplying the centripetal acceleration. Thus, qvB = m v2 r,
or the magnitude of the field is

mv p 4.80 1016 kg m s
B= = = = 3.00 T
(
qr qr 1.60 10-19 C 1.00 103 m)( )

First, observe that ( 5.00 cm ) 2 + (12.0 cm ) = (13.0 cm ) 2 . Thus, the

2
19.61 5.00
I1 cm
triangle shown in dashed lines is a right triangle giving P

= sin 1
12.0 cm
= 67.4 , and = 90.0 = 22.6
13.0 cm
13.0 cm

cm

At point P, the field due to wire 1 is

12.0

I ( 4 10 T m A ) ( 3.00 A )
7

B1 = 0 1 = = 12.0 T
2 ( 5.00 102 m )
I2
2 r1

146
 C H A P T E R 1 9

and it is directed from P toward wire 2, or to the left and at y

I1
67.4 below the horizontal. The field due to wire 2 has P x
magnitude

B2
0I2 ( )
4 107 T m A ( 3.00 A )
B2 = = = 5.00 T
2 r2 (
2 12.00 10 m 2
) B1

and at P is directed away from wire 1 or to the right and at

22.6 below the horizontal.
I2
Thus, B1x = B1 cos67.4 = 4.62 T B1y = B1 sin67.4 = 11.1 T

B2x = B2 cos22.6 = + 4.62 T B2y = B2 sin 22.6 = 1.92 T

and Bx = B1x + B2x = 0 , while By = B1y + B2y = 13.0 T .

The resultant field at P is

B = 13.0 T directed tow ard the bottom ofthe page

19.62 (a) The magnetic force acting on the wire is directed upward and of magnitude
Fm = BIL sin90 = BIL .

Fy Fm m g BI
Thus, ay = = = g , or
m m ( m L)

ay =
( 4.0 10 T) ( 2.0 A ) 9.80 m
3

s2 = 6.2 m s2
4
5.0 10 kg m

1 2
(b) Using y = viyt+ ayt with viy = 0 gives
2

2( y) 2( 0.50 m )
t= = = 0.40 s
ay 6.2 m s2

19.63 Label the wires 1, 2, and 3 as shown in Figure 1, 1

and let B1 ,B2 ,and B3 respectively represent the _ _
a2 a2
magnitudes of the fields produced by the
currents in those wires. Also, observe that A B C
= 45 in Figure 1. a a a 3
_ _
a2 a2
147
2
Figure 1
 C H A P T E R 1 9

(a) At point A, B1 = B2 = 0I 2 a 2 or ( )

B1 = B2 =
( 4 10
7
)
T m A ( 2.0 A )
= 28 T ,
2 ( 0.010 m ) 2

and B3 =
0I
=
( 4 10 T m A ) ( 2.0 A ) = 13 T
7

2 ( 3a) 2 ( 0.030 m )

These field contributions are oriented as shown in Figure 2.

Observe that the horizontal components of B 1 and B 2 cancel 45
while their vertical components add to B 3 . The resultant B2 45 B1
field at point A is then
B3

BA = ( B1 + B2 ) cos45 + B3 = 53 T , or Figure 2

B A = 53 T directed tow ard the bottom ofthe page .

0I ( 4 10 T m A ) ( 2.0 A )
7

(b) At point B, B1 = B2 = = = 40 T
2 a 2 ( 0.010 m )

0I
and B3 = = 20 T . These contributions are oriented as B2 B1
2 ( 2a) B3
shown in Figure 3. Thus, the resultant field at B is Figure 3

B B = B 3 = 20 T directed tow ard the bottom ofthe page

( )
(c) At point C, B1 = B2 = 0I 2 a 2 = 28 T while B2 B1
B3 = 0I 2 a = 40 T . These contributions are oriented as 45 45
shown in Figure 4. Observe that the horizontal
components of B 1 and B 2 cancel while their vertical
components add to oppose B 3 . The magnitude of the
B3
resultant field at C is
Figure 4
BC = ( B1 + B2 ) sin 45 B3

= ( 56 T ) sin 45 40 T= 0

19.64 (a) Since one wire repels the other, the currents must be in opposite directions .

148
 C H A P T E R 1 9

(b) Consider a free body diagram of one of the wires as shown at

the right.
T
Fy = 0 T cos8.0 = m g , 8.0

6.0 cm
8.0
8.0
mg
or T =
cos8.0
Fm

mg
Fx = 0 Fm = T sin8.0 = sin8.0 , mg
cos8.0
d d
2 2

0I2L
or Fm = ( m g) tan 8.0 . Thus, = ( m g) tan8.0 which gives
2 d

d ( m L) g tan 8.0
I=
0 2

Observe that the distance between the two wires is

d = 2[ ( 6.0 cm ) sin 8.0] = 1.7 cm , so

I=
(1.7 10 2
m ) ( 0.040 kg m ) ( 9.80 m s ) tan 8.0 =
2

68 A
2.0 107 T m A

19.65 Note: We solve part (b) before part (a) for this problem.

(b) Since the magnetic force supplies the centripetal acceleration for this particle,
qvB = m v2 r or the radius of the path is r = m v qB . The speed of the particle may be
written as v = 2( KE) m , so the radius becomes

r=
2m ( KE )
=
( )( )(
2 1.67 1027 kg 5.00 106 eV 1.60 1019 J eV )
qB (1.60 10-19
)
C ( 0.0500 T )
= 6.46 m vi

Consider the circular path shown at the right and observe 1.00 m
that the desired angle is
vf

= sin 1
1.00 m 1 1.00 m
= sin = 8.90
r 6.46 m
149
 C H A P T E R 1 9

(a) The constant speed of the particle is v = 2( KE) m , so

the vertical component of the momentum as the particle leaves the field is

py = m vy = m vsin = m ( )
2( KE ) m sin = sin 2m ( KE ) ,

( )( )(
or py = sin ( 8.90) 2 1.67 1027 kg 5.00 106 eV 1.60 1019 J eV )
= 8.00 1021 kg m s

19.66 The force constant of the spring system is found from the elongation produced by the
weight acting alone.

( 3
F m g 10.0 10 kg 9.80 m s
k= = =
2

= 19.6 N m
)( )
x x 0.50 102 m

The total force stretching the springs when the field is turned on is Fy = Fm + m g = kxtotal.
Thus, the downward magnetic force acting on the wire is

Fm = kxtotal m g
= (19.6 N m ) ( 0.80 102 m ) (10.0 103 kg)( 9.80 m s2 )
= 5.9 102 N

Since the magnetic force is given by Fm = BIL sin90 , the magnetic field is

B=
Fm
=
Fm
=
(12 ) 5.9 102 N( = 0.59 T
)
(
IL ( V R ) L ( 24 V ) 5.0 102 m )

150
 C H A P T E R 1 9

Answers to Even Numbered Conceptual Questions

2. The rapid variation in magnitude and direction of the magnetic field produced by an
alternating current tends to shake the domains in the watch or tape head out of alignment,
thus destroying any magnetization these objects may have.
4. If the current is in a direction parallel or antiparallel to the magnetic field, then there is no
force.
6. Straight down toward the surface of the Earth.
8. The magnet causes domain alignment in the iron such that the iron becomes magnetic and
is attracted to the original magnet. Now that the iron is magnetic, it can produce an
identical effect in another piece of iron.
10. The magnet produces domain alignment in the nail such that the nail is attracted to the
magnet. Regardless of which pole is used, the alignment in the nail is such that it is
attracted to the magnet.
12. The shock of the blow shakes the domains out of alignment.
14. Near the poles the magnetic field of the Earth points almost straight downward (or straight
upward), in the direction (or opposite to the direction) the charges are moving. As a result,
there is little or no magnetic force exerted on the charged particles at the pole to deflect
them away from the Earth.
16. The loop can be mounted on an axle that can rotate. The current loop will rotate when
placed in an external magnetic field for some arbitrary orientation of the field relative to
the loop. As the current in the loop is increased, the torque on it will increase.
18. Yes, if the magnetic field is directed perpendicular to the plane of the loop, the forces on
opposite sides of the loop will be equal in magnitude and opposite in direction, but will
produce no net torque on the loop.
20. A charge at rest is completely unaffected by a magnetic field. Thus, a constant magnetic
field cannot set an electron at rest into motion.

151
 C H A P T E R 1 9

Answers to Even Numbered Problems

2. (a) (a) to the left (b) into the page (c) out of the page
(d) toward the top (e) into the page (f) out of the page
(b) All answers are the reverse of those given in (a).

4. (a) toward the top of the page (b) out of the page
(c) zero force (d) into the page

6. (a) 8.7 1014 N (b) 5.2 1013 m s2

8. (a) 7.90 1012 N (b) 0

10. 806 N

12. (a) into the page (b) toward the right

(c) toward the bottom of the page

14. 2.88 N in y direction

16. (a) 9.0 103 N at15 above horizontal in northward direction

(b) 2.3 103 N horizontaland due w est

18. 0.109 A toward the right

20. 0.245 A

22. 4.33 103 N m

24. 10 Nm, clockwise (as viewed from above the loop)

26. 118 Nm

28. 7.88 1012 T

30. 0.150 mm

32. 3.11 cm

34. (a) toward the left (b) out of the page (c) lower left to upper right

36. 675 A, conventional current is downward or negative charges flow upward

38. (a) 40.0 T into the page (b) 5.00 T outofthe page
(c) 1.67 T outofthe page

152
 C H A P T E R 1 9

40. (a) 4.00 T tow ard the bottom ofthe page

(b) 6.67 T at77.0 to the leftofvertical

42. 5.40 cm

44. (a) 2.00 10 4 N m ,attracted (b) 2.00 104 N m ,repelled

46. 2.70 105 N to the left

48. (a) 919 turns (b) 11.5 cm

50. (a) 2.8 T (b) 0.91 mA

52. (a) 1.79 ns (b) 3.51 keV

54. 3.92 102 T

56. (a) 30.0 A (b) 1.60 10 4 T outofthe page

58. (a) 2.46 N upward (b) 107 m s2 upw ard

60. 3.00 T

62. (a) 6.2 m s2 (b) 0.40 s

64. (a) opposite directions (b) 68 A

66. 0.59 T

153
154